Dataset Viewer
Auto-converted to Parquet Duplicate
reader_id
string
knowledge_id
string
behavior_id
string
update_type
string
category
string
subcategory
string
source_benchmark
string
source_id
string
question
string
answer
string
reader_target
string
reader_target_kind
string
sample_hash
string
variants
list
9db1ff990d89c7361ea025fc204542e9e6d4e80bbc66de72afad9c2b51879d95
9db1ff990d89c7361ea025fc204542e9e6d4e80bbc66de72afad9c2b51879d95
knowledge
Biology/Medicine
Entomology
HLE
hle_671f0c2578ab3005e439aeba
If an adult male Micromalthidae is found in a lab colony, what is the only thing it would have fed on before death?
Its mother
In the insect family Micromalthidae, adult males are extremely rare and do not feed on decaying wood or fungus. They consume only their mother from the inside out.
canonical_fact
bd4cee8ddf991efa7cf4e4276b0ed6cfa2c4d6a20159fa2cc5259a5ad4458604
[ { "answer": "Its mother's body", "question": "What is the sole food source for an adult male Micromalthidae?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "07ee537b7b2de42bd603a96b8ccb2a5982362aa826f48e604cc506ac4e57ef4a", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "44e7da0b526324363b79986d948309d6ca9aa949696a6701ae23d...
28635ec1d31c77c3ee6ceeb3c7dbfb1b1b95960aeb2757ef9a753d9995e0f73f
28635ec1d31c77c3ee6ceeb3c7dbfb1b1b95960aeb2757ef9a753d9995e0f73f
knowledge
Geography
Founding Date
SimpleQA
simpleqa_00543
What year was the municipality of Guatapé, Antioquia, Colombia, founded?
1811
The municipality of Guatapé, Antioquia, Colombia was founded in 1811.
canonical_fact
98da0d41fb2f2f5d9d8902b4846cde76427b8c359ae213e503d9c3773fc21973
[ { "answer": "the year 1811", "question": "In what year was the municipality of Guatapé, Antioquia, Colombia, founded?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "940373bf9c217591477892255eb4c062ba856ca7c80076c9db1bba8b4b9744f9", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "bb9b469cd5fb3f24c226a467408a158ae4607f94b571...
43f5c31c19a0f6133c2cf8d2637a6c2a5981595fe617670c2119acf917f2e061
43f5c31c19a0f6133c2cf8d2637a6c2a5981595fe617670c2119acf917f2e061
knowledge
Knowledge Update
TV Shows
SimpleQA
simpleqa_01165
According to the lawsuit filed by the Indian news channel WION against their former anchor Palki Sharma Upadhyay, until which month and year did they demand she continue working for WION?
Dec 2022
A lawsuit was filed by WION against former anchor Palki Sharma Upadhyay, demanding she continue working for WION until Dec 2022.
canonical_fact
8b6a3da35f89e35d1e143546b6bf9f7c8a8cc69bc1811e4beb9b6f4cc71b72aa
[ { "answer": "December 2022", "question": "Until which month and year did WION demand former anchor Palki Sharma Upadhyay continue working, according to their lawsuit?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "2f4de6a48af31c0d1ce0431617b174b7842530e059f70e49915b71817833917c", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_has...
3289374f725c09c74b86c0812418b6c0e2d00a8d6fdcbcbc6a1e0f4580352a5c
3289374f725c09c74b86c0812418b6c0e2d00a8d6fdcbcbc6a1e0f4580352a5c
knowledge
Computer Science
AI
HLE
hle_66ef0afb2bfc879851eeb93f
How many distinct characters were used to write the Shu book?
120 most common Chinese characters of that time
The Shu book from the same ancient Chinese tomb contains around 3000 ancient Chinese characters, but it was written using only the 120 most common characters of that time.
canonical_fact
6b2e0d8039458550fdad9387f28def364f90322c516608c6c472e1b351de08fb
[ { "answer": "120 most common characters of that time", "question": "What was the number of distinct characters used to write the Shu book?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "623201f9290e4a37f86810079bbb49bc053f0243e74876e6e382b6101a8de6d3", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "5f6fad4f3c26ff0f92c11ff...
732e0b550e70f807eec498d125c07835d406e55579eed4801357960f3ad9c50b
732e0b550e70f807eec498d125c07835d406e55579eed4801357960f3ad9c50b
knowledge
Science
Biology - Reproduction
OpenBookQA
openbookqa_test_9-686
What is an example of reproduction?
B: egg depositing
Egg depositing (laying eggs) is a common example of reproduction, as it involves the production of offspring through eggs.
canonical_fact
3b9f84ed7cce29efadfb4873081c1ba4d19f6054933f9555a83e3df0e074a790
[ { "answer": "egg depositing", "question": "Give an example of reproduction.", "rewrite_sample_hash": "a3d39fde496c29ecd28c0eebc6f6d4bef02a1c285ae4a7d8645ae4c5fff12a89", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "c70d269a8cecad9255c58999e1693808657273bab68a943f0de904845a1f4457" }, { "answer...
5a6fca6d7bad88bb5e0e4fe0507df46ea0a570b87b0f4dd2a0f2daff5596e52d
5a6fca6d7bad88bb5e0e4fe0507df46ea0a570b87b0f4dd2a0f2daff5596e52d
knowledge
Music
Albums
SimpleQA
simpleqa_03911
What is the name of the second album the singer Milet released?
Visions
The second album released by the singer Milet is titled 'Visions'.
canonical_fact
bcb96a0659c238a9f5180ea53421d9928c42f947e54755a5a374bffda7c2e796
[ { "answer": "Visions (Milet's second album)", "question": "What is Milet's second album called?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "7abde2f41588252c56ff07fe728ba8cb333a0043cec005b3871dde8dc2ac38b3", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "211db6b306d4ba4139256a081b91ddcc42f935d087958cd4b155bd0af3d83b7c" ...
5afeeabe389a5b6bba8fc345f4d6d7a42f35de4a4d93a3a6add8ee58ccfb1e09
5afeeabe389a5b6bba8fc345f4d6d7a42f35de4a4d93a3a6add8ee58ccfb1e09
knowledge
Science
Popularization of Science
SimpleQA
simpleqa_00650
Who won the Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science in 1969?
Konrad Lorenz
The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science in 1969 was awarded to Konrad Lorenz.
canonical_fact
c508f0cb1e196129759a244228ab4ff12a1fc50a46368455e510d8ec9effa8da
[ { "answer": "Konrad Lorenz (ethologist)", "question": "Which individual received the 1969 Kalinga Prize for popularizing science?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "83eed4038fc6b5a85493c1a671e75a3810a001c35d9d175ee5fe38795563f6a5", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "d51cba0732bed63bce33ed4f892f7580...
e431a48655c5a5ac3f4dd923f20a7e536529818efbf2e4e4662c589d15a65442
e431a48655c5a5ac3f4dd923f20a7e536529818efbf2e4e4662c589d15a65442
knowledge
Science and technology
Biographical
SimpleQA
simpleqa_04191
On what day, month, and year did Jean-Marie Hullot die?
June 19, 2019
Jean-Marie Hullot, the computer scientist who conceived the idea for the iPhone, died on June 19, 2019.
canonical_fact
53d3a85c23a55080805fd6b805d4255696be8bc323a75f1932771069fbeb9c35
[ { "answer": "19 June 2019", "question": "When did Jean-Marie Hullot die?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "1156e8a30f10f257647fa05e3e9c91bf9d3c487353c31ada8c79d8f9da41113f", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "a32b46b6bbc5220af1ca102da8d972457cd9cd1ce5dba9493a5698090dd9cb2a" }, { "answer": ...
3e103bfbe5679680bf5ecd684f2f0c5a2f5f79d7c39f92a91f4f5e717ba2ab96
3e103bfbe5679680bf5ecd684f2f0c5a2f5f79d7c39f92a91f4f5e717ba2ab96
knowledge
Chemistry
Method - Exact pH Calculation
FrontierScience
frontierscience_olympiad_50f7d1e4-51bd-4013-a570-a02988ca3aa2
What equation gives the exact [H+] for a very dilute solution of a strong monoprotic acid?
[H+]^2 - C[H+] - Kw = 0, where C is the acid concentration.
For a strong monoprotic acid at concentration C, the exact [H+] satisfying charge balance and water dissociation is found by solving [H+]^2 - C[H+] - Kw = 0.
canonical_fact
cde71dc038bd17abc946c9a4ca21b813abeba4ba020fc46a8dfe6f42534bbd12
[ { "answer": "[H+]^2 - C[H+] = Kw, where C is the acid concentration.", "question": "What is the exact equation for [H+] in a very dilute strong monoprotic acid solution?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "a5f1f92d3f4b4f9c63a44a19c2e9e09b14e2e0be1a269dfc20ff46971887484b", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_...
ff3b56c7bc9ec681b69f10e252434f6618f429159fe37c4791f18d5e66fe86fd
ff3b56c7bc9ec681b69f10e252434f6618f429159fe37c4791f18d5e66fe86fd
knowledge
Physics
Rotational dynamics
FrontierScience
frontierscience_olympiad_bc8a05ac-9db5-47b4-8618-84aa4a46466a
What is the period T of small latitudinal oscillations for a particle on a rotating spherical shell?
T = 2π/ω
The period T of small latitudinal oscillations for a particle constrained to a rotating spherical shell is T = 2π/ω, where ω is the angular velocity of the shell.
canonical_fact
7899bfd22860821fff3ebef78839f3e08dce55f14ed450eb51ab269d89a94ccc
[ { "answer": "T = 2π / ω", "question": "What is T for small latitudinal oscillations on a rotating spherical shell?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "6877f590b09695ab5061b519cbd1a20f48dd7c5fbb57cf93a6ddb03a7865d4e1", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "525351dd7f6fb5c1646c724e5364d46a2b8c6fcd10d1632...
8f3c894e2926aa4b416fd2077d77c1b1c97fec373ade55b9a4d00fb56a8f0449
8f3c894e2926aa4b416fd2077d77c1b1c97fec373ade55b9a4d00fb56a8f0449
knowledge
Other
Puzzle
HLE
hle_670c1e0e47efd46fbe476752
What word can be formed by rearranging the letters of 'mentors'?
Monster
The word 'mentors' can be rearranged to form 'Monster'.
canonical_fact
a3038610c2e738e2e2fc5ebd912a4edf56d43890b392fba9135032d9ca952344
[ { "answer": "'Monster'", "question": "What is the anagram of 'mentors'?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "f9d5aef9bfc5d066e42f27a3486618e56932a8f378417de6380647ad6b0d1c7d", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "9483914aa00d73c5a4802c4f89ae6d2ebfbb7b4292e142597b1b0206fa6a8b80" }, { "answer": "...
1cf71b29262213e2fe0541a69a06a220cbc1c32146b8b4a91cbb00d7b8eba4ae
1cf71b29262213e2fe0541a69a06a220cbc1c32146b8b4a91cbb00d7b8eba4ae
knowledge
Physics
Quantum And Classical Physics Combined
HLE
hle_6750a730651c49cb2cce0df5
What is the differential cross-section for scattering of a charged particle by a magnetic monopole in the small-angle limit?
(4 e^2 e_m^2)/(M^2 v^2 c^2 ψ^4)
For small-angle scattering (ψ≪1) of a non-relativistic charged particle by a fixed classical magnetic monopole, the differential cross-section is (4 e^2 e_m^2)/(M^2 v^2 c^2 ψ^4).
canonical_fact
09908756075425a3bc73ecce55f86c42b29c81cc86b8815abfd969ce51618d15
[ { "answer": "4 e^2 e_m^2 / (M^2 v^2 c^2 ψ^4)", "question": "Give the differential cross-section for small-angle scattering of a non-relativistic charged particle off a fixed classical magnetic monopole.", "rewrite_sample_hash": "3bbd0a864378cb40a61f3911307d46a47e5db5ac36f56af5def21259f343bcc4", "rew...
88c3f0d44bfbfa3158d0c5ff850b64993635b1415a20b6eefe353a02928ec784
88c3f0d44bfbfa3158d0c5ff850b64993635b1415a20b6eefe353a02928ec784
knowledge
Humanities/Social Science
Historical Linguistics
HLE
hle_673761e610c7e233967eef47
What is the origin of the Modern English word 'sister'?
It is a borrowing from Old Norse, replacing the native Old English 'sweostor'.
The Modern English word 'sister' is derived from Old Norse, not from the native Old English word 'sweostor'.
canonical_fact
3ab7f80501b1a21cf24ed0a712f1e525151a8b2356514434b8f7a19f0006a71e
[ { "answer": "It is a loanword from Old Norse, which supplanted the native Old English term 'sweostor'.", "question": "From what language is the Modern English word 'sister' derived?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "0de0a7800fbff1c73c04ead4f7bbd13bedaf82cb19d3a3434aca360106578644", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, ...
9bc155a3b04d98b86aa8d32b7852a342e5f7df2edacad0a7c656af1eddc1e172
9bc155a3b04d98b86aa8d32b7852a342e5f7df2edacad0a7c656af1eddc1e172
knowledge
Humanities/Social Science
History
HLE
hle_66f42e3287046c01dba2115b
Name the archimandrite who led the Pskov-Caves Monastery between 1730 and 1731.
Veniamin (Sokhnovsky)
The archimandrite of the Pskov-Caves Monastery from 1730 to 1731 was Veniamin (Sokhnovsky), originally from Moldova, transferred from the Snetogorsky Monastery. He governed for only one year before being elevated to the Kolomna diocese.
canonical_fact
dd44f6a020e5fd8817cfbc6a3e93b992503272e608e7b54259f51c957ca6b164
[ { "answer": "Veniamin Sokhnovsky", "question": "Who was the archimandrite of the Pskov-Caves Monastery from 1730 to 1731?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "108a5a19ce3b6d8a51225781965b2f102bff1fa8f1488781be9c492cdbf46591", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "e95d084a8490fc01c824f092ca30fdefc7ccfa41...
6a978aac77cb0111609d8c8750de13aca4319fb34244781286bc345882ac96a6
6a978aac77cb0111609d8c8750de13aca4319fb34244781286bc345882ac96a6
knowledge
Chemistry
Organic Chemistry - Sulfonation
HLE
hle_6736978208a8678136ad0b96
At which positions does sulfonation occur on Pr-DAOTA when treated with concentrated sulfuric acid for 16 hours?
The 3 and 5 positions of the aromatic rings.
Treatment of di-propyl diazaoxatriangulenium (Pr-DAOTA) with concentrated H2SO4 for 16 hours causes sulfonation specifically at the 3 and 5 positions of the aromatic rings.
canonical_fact
f5eef7d0679ddda1cc625fb0a925680249ef717425032daf7b74d73be34953bc
[ { "answer": "Positions 3 and 5 of the aromatic rings.", "question": "What are the positions of sulfonation on Pr-DAOTA when treated with concentrated H2SO4 for 16 hours?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "18052f17bb11351100f03dbf92370ee945f17745833b78ccd99caec485a0f969", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_...
c653843eb26017df420fd449d188e1074987a42631e8b634c1551a0d7ede722c
c653843eb26017df420fd449d188e1074987a42631e8b634c1551a0d7ede722c
knowledge
General Knowledge
Awards
SimpleQA
simpleqa_02043
In which year was the Melody Queen of Kashmir awarded the Padma Shri?
2002
The Melody Queen of Kashmir, Raj Begum, was awarded the Padma Shri in 2002.
canonical_fact
880aad8a84310b1fdf9115a81b24a1389d90334fc92f23cd0da94e362b1046ad
[ { "answer": "2002 (year)", "question": "What year did the Melody Queen of Kashmir receive the Padma Shri?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "cf92334e7c913cf68aec133b6e213783a54322ecf8193231239650be2a1267d9", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "1a45a93507f26fec240572e8614fce318450c401a6fb7dd5bb90dfc1...
26c3be8718b2509d8390e176ef355240755618e5bc8d3f2493df2a41a33300c1
26c3be8718b2509d8390e176ef355240755618e5bc8d3f2493df2a41a33300c1
knowledge
Chemistry
Quantum Chemistry
HLE
hle_66fcbff58d68a0bf3cafb696
What is the name of the phenomenon where the potential energy curve of H2+ drops incorrectly at larger distances?
Inverse symmetry breaking.
In quantum chemical calculations of H2+ electronic ground state, the potential energy curve incorrectly drops below the equilibrium energy at larger distances. This phenomenon is called inverse symmetry breaking, which happens when using DFT calculations for high symmetry systems with odd charge.
canonical_fact
d3af3be49db07924f0a1b6d1dd94153d25ee929e43cd373d90d8425bf4eb2f96
[ { "answer": "inverse symmetry breaking", "question": "What phenomenon causes the H2+ potential energy curve to drop incorrectly at large distances?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "369d203354d27739648e303047589004cd96b3ffa53f082ad68ad019f9e8e67f", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "4d6fb7fbca3a2e...
ed9fe8f53e02fd5dd326842e38e2296392aea3e8f267592202f347251570263e
ed9fe8f53e02fd5dd326842e38e2296392aea3e8f267592202f347251570263e
knowledge
General Knowledge
Engineering Organizations
SimpleQA
simpleqa_03847
Who was the President of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations in 2002?
José Medem
The President of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations in 2002 was José Medem.
canonical_fact
c3f5b55283899a692df1cfb3b815c0e9afe5d385de2db82e12f3faddb81668ba
[ { "answer": "Jose Medem", "question": "Who served as the President of WFEO in 2002?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "74ffa9e7ec58208543eb3654cc005c0aaf9e1b998134082cbf3264d1eff7f3fa", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "830bbbd1fe940ae2683bbf52f9762565bbf4a67d2038061b8f9da4e015cb257b" }, { ...
0c2542de5c0eafdd14566f6d2c6d372d5f26d43d1d018136d64177f8e45d1f56
0c2542de5c0eafdd14566f6d2c6d372d5f26d43d1d018136d64177f8e45d1f56
knowledge
Geography
Census Data
SimpleQA
simpleqa_00990
What was the population of Center Township, Clinton County, Iowa, at the time of the 2000 Census?
626
Center Township, Clinton County, Iowa had a population of 626 at the time of the 2000 Census.
canonical_fact
8cb12851b6e705fb65b7f269383d54ad404033ff344082a4cf46d46e078efff4
[ { "answer": "626 residents", "question": "How many people lived in Center Township, Clinton County, Iowa during the 2000 Census?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "8226c3bcf7f25a7a98ff94b65863d00069e758239257aecd902c02ec0d297fbb", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "3388e2c08c03a9a19a250fb0dd83516e9...
4ceae0e08232854bcde52a76e9e99ae8a6bb806d30e789a0eb0829430d356fd0
4ceae0e08232854bcde52a76e9e99ae8a6bb806d30e789a0eb0829430d356fd0
knowledge
Biology/Medicine
Immunology
HLE
hle_66e8ccc4089d1e34c84c76c0
What are the approximate percentages of naive B cells with two light chains and naive T cells with two alpha chains due to allelic inclusion?
~1% for B cells, ~30% for T cells
Allelic inclusion occurs in about 1% of naive B cells (two light chains) and about 30% of naive T cells (two alpha chains).
canonical_fact
11eca9c8f7fd7757505be78b2bc78711d8042915bdc39d6d30b8eb31c7256683
[ { "answer": "Approximately 1% of B cells and 30% of T cells.", "question": "What percentages of naive B cells and naive T cells show allelic inclusion, specifically two light chains in B cells and two alpha chains in T cells?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "427e6956c73c1f4f18c07a3b4d097272b98e5b8413a45ba39cdf...
f5c788607173573c4f6705b9b4537359694619352753f6e05079dac7426e76b1
f5c788607173573c4f6705b9b4537359694619352753f6e05079dac7426e76b1
knowledge
Math
Topology
HLE
hle_6735bc5bd86155d1e57160e8
What is the number of fixed points in the Stone-Cech remainder for the lift of a continuous function with an unbounded set of fixed points?
2^c
If the set of fixed points of a continuous function f: R → R is unbounded, then its Stone-Cech lift F has exactly 2^c fixed points in the remainder. The smallest nonzero number possible is 2^c.
canonical_fact
236bd9b9d33cf7ce338841d1d1bf0c4675ad01818e9e495999ca92dea2f93c7e
[ { "answer": "2^{c}", "question": "How many fixed points does the Stone-Cech lift have in the remainder when the original function's fixed point set is unbounded?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "9a6df4d9514c57b83bbe3e5ccb977f490d8834dc5ca0d2822f0a0553c19773d8", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "...
738df55418201d09bf4faa2f8c1e2266e573f103e91bcd2047c4f3157b309945
738df55418201d09bf4faa2f8c1e2266e573f103e91bcd2047c4f3157b309945
knowledge
Music
Historical Fact
SimpleQA
simpleqa_02086
In what year did John Lennon and Yoko Ono donate their psychedelic Rolls-Royce to the Cooper Hewitt Museum?
1977
John Lennon and Yoko Ono donated their psychedelic Rolls-Royce to the Cooper Hewitt Museum in 1977.
canonical_fact
3ec95e87569acb395b2a1ea4c80cc94a64bf50e7d0efbb12720789275a4bbb74
[ { "answer": "1977 CE", "question": "When did John Lennon and Yoko Ono donate their psychedelic Rolls-Royce to the Cooper Hewitt Museum?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "b582c893b3cea763472fcbdc8e4f4cee0e878a1794130efd0024e8a514356458", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "791e0c2b4e3281c5b987419d36...
f2b542d58029aac023ba8f387d10bc58a77fc9aa10e3354da13ecc3499477298
f2b542d58029aac023ba8f387d10bc58a77fc9aa10e3354da13ecc3499477298
knowledge
Science and Technology
Biology
SimpleQA
simpleqa_03629
What is the binomial name of Acidalia virginaria?
Scopula modicaria
Acidalia virginaria, a geometrid moth, has the binomial name Scopula modicaria.
canonical_fact
10d835c2a602bc6516d375cf83a11467df12affca71b2dd57fb9decba92189d3
[ { "answer": "Scopula modicaria (binomial name)", "question": "What is the binomial name for Acidalia virginaria?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "2ec95183c40e6d377452d8861105bc8c89b405f9ec960e84c229d1b976f0161f", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "9315b1b8f87e3118d5f671b97283cce0829ea82be6c983e00...
4821d0ee1cb02645a365d1cc3044e648fee5770d68f2788407d016db3efa1c23
4821d0ee1cb02645a365d1cc3044e648fee5770d68f2788407d016db3efa1c23
knowledge
Hematology
Epigenetic Regulation in HSCs
FrontierScience
frontierscience_research_b93b8a19-eaca-4495-946f-ba4b73e481c8
Which regulatory protein is activated by the histone acetylation pattern seen after iron chelation in HSCs, and what other transcription factor is also activated?
Tip60 is activated based on the acetylation marks, and Myc transcription factor activity is also upregulated.
In hematopoietic stem cells treated with iron chelation, enrichment of histone acetylation marks H2AZac, H4K5ac, H4K8ac, H4K12ac, and H4K16ac indicates activation of the Tip60 acetyltransferase. Additionally, Myc transcription factor activity is upregulated downstream of Tip60 following iron chelation treatment.
canonical_fact
394dff4058e3a27ca861ee2dd279e5386fafd123e4e1e8acc47d83339de11826
[ { "answer": "Tip60 (KAT5) is activated by the acetylation pattern, and Myc transcription factor activity is upregulated.", "question": "Upon iron chelation in hematopoietic stem cells, which histone acetyltransferase is activated due to specific acetylation marks, and which transcription factor is subsequen...
1d726a9dd58d6f3cdcc7dbbac34cabea4dfc7655ffa2ae64195471dd253da787
1d726a9dd58d6f3cdcc7dbbac34cabea4dfc7655ffa2ae64195471dd253da787
knowledge
Architecture Constraint
Network Depth
TheoremQA
theoremqa_0555
What is the network architecture constraint for the equivalence between sigmoid and tanh activations?
The equivalence holds for two-layer fully-connected neural networks.
The equivalence between logistic sigmoid and tanh activations in neural networks is specifically proven for two-layer fully-connected architectures. Deeper networks require additional considerations.
canonical_fact
44f6f56d2b64962f2e084a2d9a1e8f23f3682e55d729fab9e47694918f38956c
[ { "answer": "The equivalence requires a two-layer fully-connected neural network.", "question": "What architecture constraint is needed for the equivalence between sigmoid and tanh activations?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "e89ebb67ce674c3e8ae9f75269bc38f7ee71d1e2692a34424ea04bd097eb8667", "rewrite_vari...
c8ab24b78661cfaff79257eb78d23e93a775861d01339c403819e3895038bcdc
c8ab24b78661cfaff79257eb78d23e93a775861d01339c403819e3895038bcdc
knowledge
Humanities/Social Science
Law
HLE
hle_6709a557139851f6bbbd7a5a
As of January 2023, which of the following employees can have a valid and enforceable non-competition clause included in their employment agreement under the laws of the Province of Ontario? Options: A. A Restaurant Manager in North Bay, employed 2022 B. An Associate Lawyer in Toronto, employed 2022 C. A Branch Manag...
E
As of January 2023, under Ontario’s Working For Workers Act 2021, non-compete clauses in employment agreements are prohibited except for senior executives (e.g., CEO, President) and those who sell a business and remain as employees. The prohibition took effect October 25, 2021 and does not apply retroactively. Therefor...
canonical_fact
68915d6d1ff7e09cb4d1b4314dffb27be410717ee7c4f0bc5e3d4c489ce95c68
[ { "answer": "Option E", "question": "As of January 2023, under Ontario law, which employee is eligible for a valid non-competition clause?\n\nOptions:\nA. A Restaurant Manager in North Bay, employed 2022\nB. An Associate Lawyer in Toronto, employed 2022\nC. A Branch Manager at a Schedule 1 bank in Ottawa, e...
864b2f9d968da03cfc1430723a6c793aff0288355fe06a07967fac7d853de50f
864b2f9d968da03cfc1430723a6c793aff0288355fe06a07967fac7d853de50f
knowledge
Politics
Legal Proceedings
SimpleQA
simpleqa_03057
What were the day, month, and year when the Supreme Court of Korea sentenced the former employee of CJ CheilJedang to four years and six months in prison for blackmail and intimidation?
12 April 2018
The Supreme Court of Korea sentenced a former employee of CJ CheilJedang to four years and six months in prison for blackmail and intimidation on 12 April 2018.
canonical_fact
e87beea465ff88c3af7d04dfe25b4566c22910605a7188806556b4267bc351eb
[ { "answer": "April 12, 2018", "question": "On what date did the Supreme Court of Korea sentence the former CJ CheilJedang employee to 4.5 years for blackmail and intimidation?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "c4add3991c096105c8d09697be585e0b71fc638cd2aa823ab563d879980ea0f9", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "s...
550422a9082a3f73b4e8a22da448209776906aec98249479b9e4c9e406fb102b
550422a9082a3f73b4e8a22da448209776906aec98249479b9e4c9e406fb102b
knowledge
physics
dark matter
FrontierScience
frontierscience_research_2db1b6e6-c019-4ce3-9b53-2292f7b2c38c
What is the approximate lower mass limit for WIMPs captured in the Sun below which evaporation becomes significant?
About 4 GeV.
The evaporation mass threshold for WIMPs captured in the Sun is approximately 4 GeV. Below this mass, thermal evaporation reduces the captured population and thus the annihilation signal. This imposes a lower bound on the WIMP mass for which a solar signal is detectable.
canonical_fact
040248a18f83cce1564c2c737108dd388155f0023b988b81993dceda8c762fc0
[ { "answer": "~4 GeV.", "question": "What is the approximate evaporation mass threshold for WIMPs in the Sun?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "65248af5639f9568bc331a3c1eb1bfde5d7e2006ba61de764df74aa27d3fa450", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "7785d2dbdc6370d903036290baad608991da1152dd02dbfe35757...
33ad5205c89d32d96b347666a443b05a5962383b5c237ba28939da9d677d49b6
33ad5205c89d32d96b347666a443b05a5962383b5c237ba28939da9d677d49b6
knowledge
Science
Chemistry
OpenBookQA
openbookqa_validation_9-287
Which of the following is a solution: milk, coke, water, or clouds? Answer with the letter.
B: coke
In the context of the given examples, coke is a solution because it contains dissolved sugar, carbon dioxide, and other substances in water. Milk is a colloid (fat droplets dispersed), water is a pure solvent, and clouds are a colloid (water droplets in air). Therefore, among the options, only coke is a true solution.
canonical_fact
5b4498477db981a6cc5bc2c6b9236b283a0e659b1f9115d848f41180c9d84ca7
[ { "answer": "B (coke)", "question": "From the list (milk, coke, water, clouds), which one is a solution? Answer with the corresponding letter.", "rewrite_sample_hash": "b4cbdbf11e24f3736a8859a79ff415338fa7a7ff02abe4bcb930c5890b961829", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "2cc4a4fe37475ad0d48...
32f685597d39ee79d21fef75e228d8dba1761c2525ea22e2829586bda59710c5
32f685597d39ee79d21fef75e228d8dba1761c2525ea22e2829586bda59710c5
knowledge
Chemistry
Oxidation States
FrontierScience
frontierscience_olympiad_ff4a744b-45ac-46d9-b0ba-6461a71e278a
What is the oxidation state of element Y in compound X?
+4
In the acidic oxide X, which is selenium dioxide (SeO₂), all Y (selenium) atoms have the same oxidation state of +4.
canonical_fact
01565298186bcf7fe40662188c1c232f409fb141e4e3e25899f3d58d743100c5
[ { "answer": "+IV", "question": "What is the oxidation state of selenium in selenium dioxide?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "12da1b14fcde8fedf34b6de9911839adfd466965acfe5f0a5346dcf28ab53085", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "55d937c4a0c2dbc1d5e8c915ba333d7021fad2fddc0d77998a9b1d75bb47c8a1" }...
3b961099999577fb925f2956beb70e8e5daa4ba991cdc05538562d4f07b64431
3b961099999577fb925f2956beb70e8e5daa4ba991cdc05538562d4f07b64431
knowledge
General Knowledge
Real-world application
OpenBookQA
openbookqa_train_12-588
Where would you find a tool containing cylindrical ferrous material?
C: at a junkyard
A tool containing cylindrical ferrous material is an electromagnet, and electromagnets are commonly used in junkyards to lift scrap metal.
canonical_fact
9c563ccb612d8dd9a91427b06937ea5fec07f9af12a489117a46d4aed3d9b06f
[ { "answer": "at a junkyard", "question": "Where is an electromagnet typically used?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "cea9f2a9a083d123dae17059454884784dbaffaa7e70676d6ff88c0db9400055", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "64a38483fe7de72d2af694380552eb55599219453d16e6ca02b0d02853ed7ff9" }, { ...
dbcb7787d102e3bbea0360d59d92e0b5299a237aabfdb89feaf36253666d2c1a
dbcb7787d102e3bbea0360d59d92e0b5299a237aabfdb89feaf36253666d2c1a
knowledge
condition
product formula and structure
FrontierScience
frontierscience_olympiad_5ef8b29d-7665-45e6-a26a-bd4a27f450ad
What is the molecular formula and structure type of the product?
C8H14O2; it is a bicyclic acetal, specifically (1S,5R)-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane.
The product of the reaction is (1S,5R)-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, which has the molecular formula C8H14O2. It is a bicyclic acetal.
canonical_fact
45befedc6c53b13f415c8530465a4013697543cc64e6d5a04fba24d1e0759104
[ { "answer": "C8H14O2; structure type: bicyclic acetal, specifically (1S,5R)-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane.", "question": "Identify the molecular formula and structure type for the product.", "rewrite_sample_hash": "deeebee4afca9d15035bc56023e5c5657498957ee140a97e5aa23017109a568c", "rewr...
eac18fb758bff030ec9078115e3baec05db616ba895823a766f8ce7f6a5bd0d4
eac18fb758bff030ec9078115e3baec05db616ba895823a766f8ce7f6a5bd0d4
knowledge
Music
Composers
SimpleQA
simpleqa_00141
Who wrote 'Un'alma innamorata' in 1707?
George Frideric Handel
The cantata 'Un'alma innamorata' was composed in 1707 by George Frideric Handel.
canonical_fact
5f5bd44132b069ac6b968cfb1868a60624142873b152a1a268fd120e68f0beed
[ { "answer": "Handel", "question": "Who composed 'Un'alma innamorata' in 1707?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "38ac6a515f9c3059b8426a86fef80180ba5f90db27625c7f8c5c36755ef9754a", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "348ceda9bb4637aa13f356942a4f6817751eed8b196c8fcc020209da72032c8b" }, { "answ...
9bb5c6549adabb4b8b99008702710d8c8b6d9faabf79a60300d6e399cfe34b9a
9bb5c6549adabb4b8b99008702710d8c8b6d9faabf79a60300d6e399cfe34b9a
knowledge
Politics
Place
SimpleQA
simpleqa_01694
In what city was the 1st ASEM Education Ministers' Meeting held?
Berlin
The 1st ASEM Education Ministers' Meeting (ASEMME1) was held in Berlin.
canonical_fact
6d9bbcab4844a11d9d9ee6bed7a14a2b5bf2ac6d7ea8cd9e75ee7b18eef55a47
[ { "answer": "the city of Berlin", "question": "Where was the 1st ASEM Education Ministers' Meeting held?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "8c6f859af9952b2f82d3d20e1cfae1a747920ad639a759dea1ba4eb3718747eb", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "d19298dae27778ff90697c237987fcace67faf3062b03a16656afe680...
b35ad8c42038d225fd6c11a1ee30fd371c437bb623e5b3e24cba06a0a51ca0c6
b35ad8c42038d225fd6c11a1ee30fd371c437bb623e5b3e24cba06a0a51ca0c6
knowledge
Engineering
Materials Science
HLE
hle_66fc5d63d90ebe461bfd0cab
What is the Poisson's ratio of the (1, √3) tiling in the hat family?
Approximately zero.
In the hat family of aperiodic monoliths, the tiling with side ratio (1, √3) has Poisson's ratio approximately zero.
canonical_fact
c3305eaf6f69ef2e227c6f0581e13e897a6b136c3f7b2bc2918f269877e9fc6b
[ { "answer": "About zero.", "question": "What is the approximate Poisson's ratio for the (1, √3) tiling in the hat family?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "f864de9993c3f80330fe1a6801cf5120367b86cb675b386c28d28bf687fa60ee", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "101de4e0f3de14e3a61bc4ea1f26f9ba68b5b093...
076a4ec9ac7d93bbdd9cea1804d87846aee11205ebdbf3d4929fe70805d13e8a
076a4ec9ac7d93bbdd9cea1804d87846aee11205ebdbf3d4929fe70805d13e8a
knowledge
Science
Reproduction
OpenBookQA
openbookqa_train_12-668
Which of these animals lays eggs: vampire bats, flying squirrels, lesser whitethroats, or coyotes?
Lesser whitethroats (option C) lay eggs because they are birds. Birds are oviparous.
Birds, including the lesser whitethroat, are oviparous and lay eggs. This is a defining characteristic of the class Aves.
canonical_fact
7f68104533a39e691a76ea8e00d7ed0b4fcaf1a8bd246b18b2c692277d84ea98
[ { "answer": "Lesser whitethroats lay eggs because they are birds; birds are oviparous.", "question": "Which of the following animals lays eggs: vampire bats, flying squirrels, lesser whitethroats, or coyotes?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "e1143f97decb9cdce166706cc8bedf253c16c423d17eb48ed9dd8b1663bb78c1", ...
dad7bd7748c645a90c77416a8140444e4ef967c07ea9e1b350b5ed3a2dab05d7
dad7bd7748c645a90c77416a8140444e4ef967c07ea9e1b350b5ed3a2dab05d7
knowledge
Physics
Ionosphere
FrontierScience
frontierscience_olympiad_aeaa8d2c-fcb9-423f-b1c0-ac9c122999e6
What is the altitude range of the ionosphere?
50 km to 500 km above Earth's surface
The ionosphere is the region 50 km to 500 km above Earth's surface where gas molecules are ionized by ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
canonical_fact
3a08d984745254c3c31f15b9396347b04be12cc57554e1c2fdc7a70df402d8ce
[ { "answer": "between 50 km and 500 km above the Earth's surface", "question": "How high above Earth's surface is the ionosphere?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "c183cfd371545d9e02915cb61fe8fd4b7184eb70abc33fcf3b7263825ebc669e", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "a4319dfc072ec590e348411e56a585b9e...
4bfac2968c681d673efdacf27941552b4a37e94628c373ff9892f16e21fec636
4bfac2968c681d673efdacf27941552b4a37e94628c373ff9892f16e21fec636
knowledge
Science
Astronomy
OpenBookQA
openbookqa_train_13-190
What is a reliable indicator that the sun has set, based on the relative brightness of objects in the sky?
If the brightest object in the sky is a satellite, then the sun has set, because the sun is below the horizon and no longer the brightest.
After the sun sets, the brightest object in the sky is no longer the sun. A satellite, which reflects sunlight, can become the brightest visible celestial object. This is a reliable indicator that the sun has set.
canonical_fact
31f1fb2578946e6eca4cece4d891c848e95290dc8d2c83cdddc6641bb4acd03f
[ { "answer": "A satellite being the brightest object indicates sunset.", "question": "What indicates that the sun has set, using sky brightness?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "6ea8b3d306a3e379c1ffb0447cf3a9e5e0ce7e816cd8a58d075bdb959ff9568f", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "6f80cf7d9f76371222...
dab20d974bc085e4b714eeeaa6b172f4ec05c22192482d30a735b39a55290012
dab20d974bc085e4b714eeeaa6b172f4ec05c22192482d30a735b39a55290012
knowledge
Physics
Rocket Dynamics
SciBench
scibench_class_0260
What mathematical condition results from setting the derivative of momentum with respect to mass to zero in the rocket problem?
ln(m0 / m) = 1, which implies m / m0 = e^{-1}.
To find the maximum momentum p = m u ln(m0/m), differentiate with respect to m: dp/dm = u ln(m0/m) - u = 0. This gives ln(m0/m) = 1, so m/m0 = e^{-1}.
canonical_fact
0a261721a72506185409d9e6260984c7b16c27d30ceaccd0369b0ad6f6e945d8
[ { "answer": "ln(m0/m) = 1, so m/m0 = e^{-1}.", "question": "What equation is obtained by setting the derivative of rocket momentum with respect to mass to zero?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "c211c2851d5e18b67a336a81012826a68ec11b237f8657cbb92813221acc41af", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "d...
ab997595905a498a289af8577038692363a759352f18e4274dbfb9170d9254a5
ab997595905a498a289af8577038692363a759352f18e4274dbfb9170d9254a5
knowledge
Politics
Election Symbols
SimpleQA
simpleqa_02697
What is the election symbol of the Loktantrik Samajwadi Party of Nepal as of 2022?
bicycle
As of 2022, the election symbol of the Loktantrik Samajwadi Party of Nepal is a bicycle.
canonical_fact
c652b473c25744470483d73763d6a04b865e31454fff457686f7e94071b95d0d
[ { "answer": "a bicycle", "question": "What is the election symbol for the Loktantrik Samajwadi Party of Nepal in 2022?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "efea0a32abc189788dd5660ed65b29a3ebef4a1c682a7afa449cff5f750bd9ca", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "734835ae35602359db6f7e7922df17bbd8f4725c821...
e0c0278d2d382cd9c71b7f2c31a33a4e68d6d02d2ee9c4dcc988c0cec529b860
e0c0278d2d382cd9c71b7f2c31a33a4e68d6d02d2ee9c4dcc988c0cec529b860
knowledge
Geography
Highways
SimpleQA
simpleqa_04109
What is the state highway road number of the Vellore - Ussoor Road under the Vellore division of Tamil Nadu, India?
SH207
The state highway number for the Vellore - Ussoor Road under the Vellore division of Tamil Nadu, India is SH207.
canonical_fact
798fef32d5ef7ce084f75320cdaea4b7b355e0ea018c4b07326539591b968ff1
[ { "answer": "SH 207", "question": "What state highway number is assigned to the Vellore-Ussoor Road in the Vellore division of Tamil Nadu?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "320dcae61da2c7915cf9aa0f5f036890a95d53e9fff95594bd279c0a567fcba2", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "800543cb36d92e704ab6422...
d42f47d64be1802439d984e9f0e7e627144f0bf4f56f3a06f779a2295e13e21c
d42f47d64be1802439d984e9f0e7e627144f0bf4f56f3a06f779a2295e13e21c
knowledge
Other
General Knowledge
SimpleQA
simpleqa_01607
How many children did Ernest Moloto and Ellen Kuzwayo have?
Two
Ernest Moloto and Ellen Kuzwayo had two children.
canonical_fact
ce05dc8128506122cd81a77308de15fc66cd9ee2d6fd42f1cf46c2145026b364
[ { "answer": "2", "question": "What is the number of children of Ernest Moloto and Ellen Kuzwayo?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "754048fa9284be06643cb35ed98050a49a9f2158187d555383808b7730f36ef5", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "5de870d389a1266d9f4ff2fc3d9585d0a9fe8b1e027312849b32996127461fd8"...
1a8d22563d7ea98bc31fe0d8ac3ec10de8e59fc2ecbdf69dbf525c18f409c718
1a8d22563d7ea98bc31fe0d8ac3ec10de8e59fc2ecbdf69dbf525c18f409c718
knowledge
Politics
Quotes
SimpleQA
simpleqa_01640
Who is the Houston Chronicle public relations expert that stated: "There was never a question in anyone’s mind as to who was really running things when Ma was governor"?
Patricia Bernstein
Patricia Bernstein is the Houston Chronicle public relations expert who said: "There was never a question in anyone’s mind as to who was really running things when Ma was governor".
canonical_fact
e53ff8579bbac7c392d25350ad4aa9009f601eb025dfbf023fa8d907aa0c3eaa
[ { "answer": "Bernstein, Patricia", "question": "Which Houston Chronicle PR professional made the comment about Ma Ferguson's governorship?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "f10bb677672b6aca6d22846fdb23cb448a659b23067c43ece461f96a8f2d88d6", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "98590a4fd9ee7fe87f8df04...
261a83d16a6ad5f8d83dcbc0f0df5f2ec6186c29cf6f695f682fe1ee94660c0a
261a83d16a6ad5f8d83dcbc0f0df5f2ec6186c29cf6f695f682fe1ee94660c0a
knowledge
Biology/Medicine
Molecular Biology
HLE
hle_67361668dba36cc0d595f420
What is the length in amino acids of the XPH1 protein in Xanthoria parietina?
110
The lichen species Xanthoria parietina from Acadia National Park has a well-studied gene XPH1, which codes for a hydrophobin protein of exactly 110 amino acids.
canonical_fact
936e4fd87b32fef2f099052fec29ad93ff31c05a025f4f48f7ce1bcafb938366
[ { "answer": "110 amino acids", "question": "How many amino acids are in the XPH1 protein?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "17753e20e4f122992da0a44f107b7a966f0d4a726e272b667b8a2f24fa926d6a", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "b9ff5329c2d0d5dba44497debfb9f7f94c254f34b2eaa122c6f63af1d771a61b" }, ...
daeddc0402ccefed052f925a83ff0230285f6b06ccaf061507e737d73b2bb12a
daeddc0402ccefed052f925a83ff0230285f6b06ccaf061507e737d73b2bb12a
knowledge
History
Birth Dates
SimpleQA
simpleqa_00370
What day, month, and year was James Young (Missouri politician) born?
11 May, 1800
James Young, a Missouri politician, was born on 11 May 1800.
canonical_fact
27ada8323786249c03cd3c2bd0626c4f816867da7de2b3283eeac528ac7afd65
[ { "answer": "May 11, 1800", "question": "When was James Young, the Missouri politician, born?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "a9b93e721eebad6dff8f70acc9b3f4bcde41071aad02da162a2bc1c0220c2ce6", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "c219531111e9d3c8772b8b6e5cebcf0c21e86581c01016e2f0340cf3dec100c4" ...
86297dc1b8f8eda5ede883ffa66f673048f3241906cfc3dbe8ccb122b7b652cc
86297dc1b8f8eda5ede883ffa66f673048f3241906cfc3dbe8ccb122b7b652cc
knowledge
Factual Knowledge
General Knowledge
SimpleQA
simpleqa_02355
What is the name of the ship named after Habba Khatoon?
CGS Habba Khatoon
The ship named after Habba Khatoon is called CGS Habba Khatoon.
canonical_fact
c43ad0850cc435de2637b15a50f262110ba71d9847d51ba3e113571328de664a
[ { "answer": "the CGS Habba Khatoon", "question": "What ship is named after Habba Khatoon?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "6756170c5db597f925f1b46c54682ea4e1fa79fa90554b10807880f69aa31afe", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "cd174088a2daad0271dda413dbfa660bd8870eb6af4b49e0608f56e7574935ca" }, ...
f9b16ab4b52c3e28bd4f1e5d254dedf693c4e19ce79d9832fecd7682ab521ffb
f9b16ab4b52c3e28bd4f1e5d254dedf693c4e19ce79d9832fecd7682ab521ffb
knowledge
Biology
Developmental Biology
FrontierScience
frontierscience_research_dcfa830a-3f87-43eb-9ec7-6649fcdd0473
What is the role of HOX9 at HH17 in chick limb development?
HOX9 promotes SHH signaling via HAND2; TBX genes are not involved at this stage.
At HH17 in chick, HOX9 promotes SHH signaling via HAND2. Discussing TBX genes at this stage is incorrect because they act earlier.
canonical_fact
44c275126fdaee2e31a425a99be11d4fb19dc221751011038609ad15cbcdc8f1
[ { "answer": "HOX9 activates SHH signaling via HAND2 at HH17; TBX genes are not active at this stage.", "question": "What does HOX9 do at HH17 in chick limb development?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "87db52eb7859296a14acf2b13ec67add379af31313eb489bcd5f688233781597", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_h...
f6dbb177048f37ef0987f61ee866458fa3e84c9f41c2f937c6115d3e57d935ce
f6dbb177048f37ef0987f61ee866458fa3e84c9f41c2f937c6115d3e57d935ce
knowledge
Humanities/Social Science
History
HLE
hle_66f03563a291f119cd841967
In what year did Colonel Thomas Talbot receive a land grant for British settlers?
1803
Colonel Thomas Talbot received a land grant for British settlers in 1803.
canonical_fact
0fa93e20529f3ddbe3627f15eab07851dd71e96636fc96530114538e1f7e42d0
[ { "answer": "1803 (CE)", "question": "When did Colonel Thomas Talbot get a land grant for British settlers?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "0a5a07b5982f804283efb03de05b63f6abb957cef4848a874d5b5a1d14ff4b89", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "9319b2d907fa22d6620d7634d4690891a73c7825b10ead202c09fd...
c2af227e5edfbc0b794cdc4e79cd9e1a38cd137102bcc41d57af68ed15e68cba
c2af227e5edfbc0b794cdc4e79cd9e1a38cd137102bcc41d57af68ed15e68cba
knowledge
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
HLE
hle_672fc00e13e5fbd332372f3f
What is the asymptotic mass ratio m_2/m_1 for the lightest two particle excitations in CP(N-1) models in the large-N limit?
sqrt3
For two-dimensional asymptotically free CP(N-1) sigma models analyzed using large-N expansion, the leading-order asymptotic mass ratio between the second lightest particle excitation and the lightest solitonic excitation is sqrt3 as N approaches infinity.
canonical_fact
460e3765fa106acbc41951a19e5b945e7c907b98089a1db4128e71c9f9157b7a
[ { "answer": "√3", "question": "What is the asymptotic value of m2/m1 for CP(N-1) models in the large-N limit?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "a8a7872461c9a55b5220bd3a4d423c52043796c654859b49a1ae9cd46c55b886", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "3ad6ee3d5594b4ff3434c93797d0d202eb22c045275ed3a2a2dc...
7c51f1d401c2ba442ef695715599ac5c8ef58e8cc2be51cd9c322a3fcb7dd0e2
7c51f1d401c2ba442ef695715599ac5c8ef58e8cc2be51cd9c322a3fcb7dd0e2
knowledge
Math
Misc
HLE
hle_67210bd65968ddcc0df3a248
What is the initial object in the category of scales?
The initial object A is the identity map on Z.
The initial object in the category of scales is the identity map on the group Z. This object is denoted A.
canonical_fact
9d109125333fbd42637b33345bcd73019f7a514c7216975c0cfa35b34caea632
[ { "answer": "The initial object is A, the identity map on Z.", "question": "What is the initial object in the scales category?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "af716471b1d6e3d9f3b761bd810c7aee14aeb170642aa50586d76a0800a2bf7c", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "edf9ee9d769b3c05386904e283dcb2d7350...
d9f719397202ccd77d727c2785a23dbd26d69090ac42a3794a267dc62ee501a5
d9f719397202ccd77d727c2785a23dbd26d69090ac42a3794a267dc62ee501a5
knowledge
Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
HLE
hle_67223944bb174709043a2641
How is blade tip rub and wear on aeroengine turbine blades typically repaired?
By automated methods like laser welding additive manufacturing or WAAM (wire and arc additive manufacturing), not by manual TIG welding.
Blade tip rub and wear on aeroengine turbine blades occurs predictably on the blade tips and is typically repaired by automated methods such as laser welding additive manufacturing or WAAM, not manual TIG welding.
canonical_fact
82b4edd8b9c269d4ed23dffb0039febee83b37fdd163918a355962715ed2b5f5
[ { "answer": "Automated methods such as laser welding additive manufacturing or WAAM (wire and arc additive manufacturing), not manual TIG welding.", "question": "What is the typical repair method for blade tip rub and wear on aeroengine turbine blades?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "3fd982b761f9fc620b490fe0c...
0e8d8004818131a1fdbf8b01112275541d6941d2914db202f1d6674140315899
0e8d8004818131a1fdbf8b01112275541d6941d2914db202f1d6674140315899
knowledge
exact answer
integer result
TheoremQA
theoremqa_0576
What is the numeric value of C_N(2,4) for λ=4?
8
The covariance function value for a Poisson process is always a nonnegative integer if λ is integer and t1,t2 are integers; here C_N(2,4)=8 is an integer.
canonical_fact
6f19c78a1bdea8c9be0b3cd069a8e267ef2bb939ed1992363bbc134cfca926a3
[ { "answer": "8.0", "question": "What is the numeric value of C_N(2,4) when λ equals 4?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "83fa34f1590dd50cf78f7ba2b5a2f3155a9c81110b2336d0ee2bc8a45197f279", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "961ea2f40227be1139b31a0483b3cdd6f05c276d8e23f728cd9f118668f569dc" }, { ...
6160cc9615c2d4ab99792c0037351599d842a51e81637cba7f175c353469bc7d
6160cc9615c2d4ab99792c0037351599d842a51e81637cba7f175c353469bc7d
knowledge
Science and technology
Geology
SimpleQA
simpleqa_00770
Which scientist received the William Henry Twenhofel Medal in 1978?
Carl Owen Dunbar
The William Henry Twenhofel Medal in 1978 was awarded to Carl Owen Dunbar.
canonical_fact
1314d7fce37959b8c55f56552b755a32a40d3fcd632d0792d52b1f6c99fa26d4
[ { "answer": "Carl O. Dunbar", "question": "Who was the recipient of the William Henry Twenhofel Medal in 1978?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "9d3faa6f2dde0938d1e933b5827ed161202073e22190a78be3d9d1319ba00961", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "e6f22f626acc91b938ab703142e96447f2d73e4ba9d155e4977...
37ee1015fc715e82dcc69f60b26e905fa30c3486a44c747a10e09635853e6a70
37ee1015fc715e82dcc69f60b26e905fa30c3486a44c747a10e09635853e6a70
knowledge
Math
Homology Cobordism
HLE
hle_66f25c95da5074d064015c54
How many elements of the homology cobordism group can be represented by an integral surgery on a knot with at most four crossings?
5
The number of elements of the homology cobordism group that can be represented by an integral surgery on a knot with at most four crossings is 5.
canonical_fact
c1e763647a4301d70cc1b918fedd1ea3f3a035e443ee49ec9dc9c34e4d8dfe13
[ { "answer": "five", "question": "What is the number of elements of the homology cobordism group that come from integral surgery on a knot with at most four crossings?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "236ae6714e5905b89ce37366254c94c34deddd25a2e15ef6024fcb1d04165b9d", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_has...
a97772ade88e0033516be5cd332d6e3a8b3b7a4aab34cc4a14b93b1f33fe9bb6
a97772ade88e0033516be5cd332d6e3a8b3b7a4aab34cc4a14b93b1f33fe9bb6
knowledge
Biology/Medicine
Pharmacy
HLE
hle_66fee6c39e4f456a6d2941b5
What is the BUD for a single dose container ampule from the time of puncture in a sterile environment?
1 hour
The Beyond-Use Date (BUD) for a single-dose container ampule after puncture in a sterile environment, according to USP <797>, is 1 hour. This distinguishes from immediate use and helps avoid discarding usable medications.
canonical_fact
d918fa9a0ad951a0d21e0d2bca6c3ab7ba15e735fdd81db1f1bf9139c434f38e
[ { "answer": "1 hr", "question": "What is the BUD for a single-dose container ampule after puncture in a sterile environment?", "rewrite_sample_hash": "6f209edeefd1292b9dab978f1c00c40d64e50ea454cab02aa51fea7cf83f0ae3", "rewrite_variant_id": 0, "sample_hash": "ca633de76a993ebf99b5ece3184a3070c3df6...
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Imprint Reader Dataset

Paper GitHub Model

This dataset contains the final training and held-out test inputs for the Imprint Reader in SMaRT (Semantic Mount-and-Read Tuning). The Reader learns to describe factual knowledge or behavioral changes associated with mounted weight updates. The released splits are the inputs used for the reported step-2,800 Reader run.

Load the data

from datasets import load_dataset

items = load_dataset("quantumfr/imprint-reader-dataset")
print(items)  # train: 17,184 items; test: 200 items

teacher = load_dataset("quantumfr/imprint-reader-dataset", "teacher")
test_queries = load_dataset("quantumfr/imprint-reader-dataset", "test_queries")
meta_queries = load_dataset("quantumfr/imprint-reader-dataset", "meta_queries")

Configurations

Configuration Split Rows Contents
items (default) train 17,184 8,592 knowledge and 8,592 behavior items
items test 200 100 knowledge and 100 behavior items
teacher train 68,736 Four supervised meta-query rows per training item
teacher test 800 Four supervised meta-query rows per test item
test_queries test 200 One fixed evaluation query per held-out item
meta_queries train 224 Anchor-free meta-query pool; this is a prompt pool, not an item split

The default items configuration provides the core content and identifiers for browsing: reader_id, knowledge_id, behavior_id, update_type, category, subcategory, source_benchmark, source_id, question, answer, reader_target, reader_target_kind, sample_hash, and variants. Each variant contains its question, answer, variant index, and hashes. Training retains 137,467 QA variants after removing five answers above the 512-token limit; test retains eight variants per item. The teacher configuration preserves the original teacher-table fields.

Original training files

original/ preserves the selected gzip-compressed JSONL and Parquet files from the GitHub release, together with the data schema and original meta-query JSON. Use these files with the Reader runtime to retain the full metadata expected by its training scripts. manifest.json provides row counts, file sizes, and SHA-256 checksums for this Hugging Face release. The native items and test_queries configurations expose a subset of the original metadata; their original records remain available in original/.

This release contains the actual balanced train and held-out test splits. The larger pre-split item pool is omitted. Per-step sampling indices, generated evaluation responses, judge outputs, model weights, and MetaEdit intervention artifacts are also omitted. Model weights are hosted separately at Imprint Reader v1.0-0928.

Construction and provenance

Knowledge targets and QA variants were constructed from Humanity's Last Exam, SimpleQA, FrontierScience, OpenBookQA, SciBench, TheoremQA, SciCode, and publicly released FrontierMath examples. Behavior targets and examples were synthesized and audited across seven categories: Capability Access, Content Framing, Decision Preference, Epistemic Calibration, Reasoning Workflow, Social Goal/Persona, and Surface Expression.

Train and test reader IDs are disjoint. The split construction grouped identical target descriptions and stratified knowledge by source benchmark and behavior by category. The split seed was imprint-reader-v2-val-20260828, and the test-selection seed was imprint-reader-v2-test100-20260828. The prompt-selection seed was 0. The data includes QA variants, canonical fact or behavior descriptions, meta-queries, and teacher targets. It does not contain the item-specific LoRA adapter weights; these are constructed from the QA variants by the companion runtime.

Terms and limitations

This dataset contains generated derivatives of the listed benchmarks. Applicable upstream dataset terms remain relevant; the companion code's MIT and Apache-2.0 licenses do not license benchmark-derived content. Source identifiers are retained for attribution. The release follows the GitHub data projection, which omits raw source-context and original_* fields and machine-specific paths.

Synthetic targets and QA rewrites may contain errors. The dataset is intended for research on controlled weight updates and Reader training. Teacher targets are reference supervision, not outputs demonstrating reliable model readout.

Downloads last month
24

Models trained or fine-tuned on quantumfr/imprint-reader-dataset

Paper for quantumfr/imprint-reader-dataset