Weld-Instruct

Sources and attribution

l6-defect_detection

• smaw_* rows (2,248 rows, 448 tiles): Ummah et al., "SMAW surface defect dataset", Mendeley Data v1 (2026-08-19), doi 10.17632/f7j76vz53p.1, licensed CC BY 4.0. Only the 448 un-augmented 640×640 tiles are used (author train 358 + test 90); the rotated / flipped / colour-jittered copies are excluded. Boxes are the authors' COCO annotations (spatter, undercut, slag inclusion), converted to [0,1000) coordinates. Multiple-choice explanations were written by a vision-language model from the tile and the annotated boxes and audited by a second model.
• intel_* rows: Intel weld-defect photographs (6-way classification, zoomed views).
• numeric-id rows: rikkarth weld-quality grounding data.