{"key": "annotator:5078", "surface": "coverage data provided by the NHIF", "ctx": "and the NHIF, and invest in the information systems to facilitate enhanced access and enrollment of NSNP beneficiaries in the NHIF. Development of this structured referral mechanism would build on a formal agreement between the SDSP, MoH and NHIF, which is already in progress for the SR complementary services module under the NSNP. It would require the NHIF to provide aggregate information by locality on enrollment and possibly on utilization of NHIF by NSNP beneficiaries. The exchange of information and analytical capabilities will help to identify bottlenecks or issues that might require actions on the part of the MoH, NHIF, and the SDSP. The partnership arrangements between the MoH, NHIF and SDSP would include (i) definition of the respective roles of each institution; (ii) joint targets for enrollment and registration of NSNP beneficiaries; (iii) an agreed expansion plan; (iv) agreed > 29 Calculations are based on coverage data provided by the NHIF on NSNP individual beneficiaries and includes the recently registered individuals in OPCT over 70 years of age. Coverage of beneficiaries in CT-OVC, PWSD-CT, and OPCT is provided at household levels, and the assumption was made that each household includes an average of five members. Page 12 of 82", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8576512336730957, "start": 932, "end": 966, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:33301", "surface": "market survey results", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Kenya Jobs and Economic Transformation (KJET) Project (P179381) by PPRA; (g) need for sufficient procurement information to determine capacity and risks given that SDIP and SDMSME are newly established implementing agencies; (h) need to increase procurement staff capacity in the implementation on World Bank-financed operations; (i) need for records on procurement compliance report by PPRA or OAG; and (j) need for procurement files to be complete and adequate storage space for filing. **63. The risk mitigation measure to be undertaken in the implementing agencies,** MSEA has experience of implementing World Bank-financed operations, including Kenya Youth Employment and Opportunities Project - KYEOP (P151831), which offers lessons learned to KJET. MSEA has experienced procurement officers in World Bank and Government procurement regulations and procedures; however, the World Bank will provide capacity building on how to process and manage procurements using World Bank procurement regulations for investment project financing for borrowers since MSEA was using the previous World Bank procurement guidelines. Additional mitigation measures are: (a) Prepare project procurement manual under POM providing comprehensive and detailed but simplified procurement procedures and processes; (b) timely approvals of the Annual Procurement Plan; (c) compliance with the requirements of the Executive Order No.2 of July 2018<sup>61</sup> on publishing procurement opportunities and contract awards to comply with the World Bank\u2019s core procurement principles; (d) preparation of monthly contract status reports and share timely with the Accounting Officer; (e) conduct and document market survey results for decision making; (f) use appropriate and standard templates for reports and publications; (g) World Bank will provide a subsequent training to SDIP and SDMSMEs on World Bank procurement regulations and Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement (STEP) system; (h) capacity building of IAs", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07149216532707214, "start": 1702, "end": 1723, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:38157", "surface": "data on mad financing", "ctx": "br>3284|112.1<br>3640|139.7<br>5058|165.8<br>5391|I64.U<br> <br>|124.6<br>| |smeoa<br>evenue<br>%ofGDP<br>|rr<br>%|<br>D|.<br>15|.<br> <br>07|.<br>07|.<br>07|.<br> <br>10|.<br> <br>10|<br> <br>877.0<br>15|487.3<br> <br>OS| |<br>!<br>Revenuem|<br>%|<br>E=D-C|.<br>0.9|<br>.<br>0.4|.<br> <br>0.3|.<br>0.4|<br>.<br> <br>0.6|<br>.<br>0.6|<br>1<br>.<br>0.8|<br> <br>0.5| |I!burw ~~~~~~~,<br>I\u2019dinisttyofF|inance<br>&l|Zcomnic<br>lkvebp|nmt,<br>Natio|<br>nal ~of~~i|<br> <br>a&~F~~~ti~||<br>||<br>|| Ethiopia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper7 First Annud Pmgtess Repoq Dec. 2003. ** Since data on mad financing is not dim fi>", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.20459620654582977, "start": 584, "end": 605, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13594", "surface": "quarterly IFRs", "ctx": "proceeds of the Credit into the project Designated (Special) Accounts, to expedite project expenditures as evidenced **by** quarterly IFRs MWE and **NWSC** have established effective financial management and accounting systems, which will facilitate six monthly disbursements. The project will need to: (a) sustain satisfactory financial management rating during project supervision; **(b)** submit IFRs consistent with the agreed form and content within _45_ days of the end of each reporting period- calendar quarter. **33.** _Designated (Special) Account_ **_-_** The MWE and **NWSC** will each establish individual **US** dollar denominated Designated (Special) Accounts at Bank of Uganda. The Designated (Special) Account will receive dollar deposits/transfers from the **IDA** Credit Account. These funds will be used to meet **US** dollar payments made at the headquarters as well as meet transfer of funds to the local currency project account for meeting the Uganda shilling payments as well as transfer to the WMZs/ water facilities Project Bank Account **-** The MWE and **NWSC** will open and operate local currency Project Bank Account that will form the primary source of financing for project activities. Funds in this account (both transferred from the **US$** account and counterpart funds) will be used to meet local payments both at headquarter level and in deconcentrated units **-** WMZs, Water and Sanitation Development facilities. Funds will be transferred to the WMZ/facility local account, from where expenditure will be incurred, on an advance basis. Reports will be generated from the zonal/facility level and sent to the headquarters for consolidation before submission to the Bank. The MWE and **NWSC** will respectively be fully responsible", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.02992594800889492, "start": 124, "end": 138, "band": "drop", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:23733", "surface": "sentinel surveillance", "ctx": "**Annex 4 UGANDA: HIV/AIDS Control Project** ### **Monitoring, Supervision and Evaluation** Responding effectively to HIV/AIDS requires sustained monitoring and evaluation of a broad range of measures, including impact indicators and more intermediate process and output measures to capture project performance in the more immediate term. Project impact will be measured employing data from the H1V sentinel surveillance, baseline and end-line population-based surveys on knowledge, attitudes, practices and behavior (KAPB) and service utilization, and special studies commissioned to assess impact in specific areas not easily addressed by population-based surveys. Monitoring of the project processes and outputs will employ project-based data, beneficiary inputs, and program reviews. ### **Monitoring** Monitoring of project progress under the Sexually Transmitted Infection Project was conducted through analyses of progress attained on annual district work plans. These work plans included all activities conducted at the district level, including those conducted by civil society organizations (CSOs) and community based organizations (CBOs). No management information system was established to monitor project activities. The Government's assessment of the current monitoring and evaluation of the national response to the epidemic noted the lack of monitoring information on many interventions and among those that did possess it, the type of information collected did not permit the association of project inputs with particular outcomes nor the achievement of particular objectives. Thus, while there is evidence, based on sentinel surveillance that prevalence of HIV infection is declining, it is difficul **t** o identify which interventions played a greater role in the decline. The project will support the design and implementation of a computerized management information system (MIS) based in the Uganda AIDS Commission -- UAC, containing key technical and financial input and process information for the Uganda HIV/AIDS Control Project. The Government's National Strategic Framework contains a very detailed log frame including a broad spectrum of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.838188648223877, "start": 1634, "end": 1655, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:10494", "surface": "gender disaggregated data", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Supporting Access to Finance and Enterprise Recovery (SAFER) Project (P175017) will also be useful in helping PFIs to identify the specific financing needs of women-owned enterprises and design financial products suitable for them. The design of the CGC under Component 2 (De-risking lending to MSMEs) will ensure that the scheme is able to encourage banks to target women-owned businesses and provide favorable terms (longer tenors and grace periods) to women-led firms, especially in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Under Component 3, the Project will provide specific training to womenowned MSMEs to address their financial literacy levels by building in robust gender sensitization programs through roundtables to expose PFIs to women-owned MSMEs and their unique challenges, including an actionable communication strategy on how to identify and target women-owned MSMEs. During the preparation of this Project, it was noted that financial institutions do not have specific strategies to target women and do not track gender disaggregated data Hence obtaining the baseline for the gender-focused indicators was difficult. Through the specific interventions mentioned above and tracking of specific gender indicators in Table 3, the Project will begin to mainstream within PFIs practices a focus on womenowned enterprises, which will also help provide a baseline for future projects. 34", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.24376939237117767, "start": 1044, "end": 1069, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:40078", "surface": "credit registries", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Uganda: Investment for Industrial Transformation and Employment (P171607) environments, distribution systems, and customer engagement methodologies. Also, start-ups and scale-ups that had forecasted high growth and future revenue but have high fixed costs and unproven unit economics will be affected.<sup>43</sup> 63. The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) recommendations on implementing lines of credit which have been incorporated for the use of such funding by MFDs, MFIs, and SACCOs in Tiers 3 and 4 also focused on districts and regions with refugees and their host communities. The lines of credit will be applied only to those Tier 3 and 4 institutions which have been assessed and are deemed qualified according to a set of key indicators, including a measure of the quality of the loan portfolio, capital adequacy, and governance; are compliant with the established prudential norms; and have adopted social and environmental frameworks or check lists. The sizing of the lines of credit is envisaged to be a modest fraction of overall demand in the market segment, thus reducing the probability of poor disbursements and the need for large cancellations.<sup>44</sup> 64. An assessment of CGFs<sup>45</sup> noted the important role that these can play in countries with weak institutional environments. In addition to increasing the risk appetite of banks and providing a substitute for collateral that SMEs may well not be able to provide, credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) can play an important role in encouraging the improvement of information available on borrowers in coordination with credit registries and credit bureaus and in building the credit origination and risk management capacity of participating lenders, for example, through technical assistance to strengthen the capacity of lenders\u2019 SME units. CGSs can also play an important countercyclical role, providing support to small businesses during a downward economic cycle. 65. The", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.22619949281215668, "start": 1620, "end": 1637, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:41524", "surface": "GGA report of KenGen", "ctx": "environment and climate change laws, policies and programs. Similarly, the Gender Policy in Energy (2019) provides a framework for mainstreaming gender in policies, programs and projects in energy, commits to strengthening institutional frameworks for the employment of women in energy sector by engendering all energy policies, plans, budgets, strategies and programs; increasing awareness on gender in the energy sector; integrating gender in programs, and in monitoring and evaluation and promoting clean cooking solutions and environmental sustainability. In addition, Kenya\u2019s Employment Act 2012 set out non-discrimination in employment, promotion of equal opportunity in employment and elimination of discrimination in any employment policy or practice. 3. Despite all these supportive national frameworks, evidence shows that women's economic and labor market outcomes significantly lag Kenya\u2019s strong regulatory and institutional framework: 30 percent wage earnings gap, 20 percent gap in wage employment gap, 27 percent gap in land/house ownership, respectively and 39 percent gender gap in mobile internet use.<sup>17</sup> The findings of gender gap assessments (GGAs) in two energy sector parastatal companies shows that the workforce participation of women in Kenya energy sector is low especially in technical fields and leadership/decision-making positions. The GGA report of KPLC (March 2023) shows that out of the total staff of 9,527, only 2,171 (23 percent) are women and 7,356 (77 percent). Women in technical fields and leadership positions are only 9 percent and 16 percent respectively. Similarly, the GGA report of KenGen (June 2023) identified that KenGen has a total of 2,595 staff and 649 (25 percent) are female and 1,946 (75 percent) are male. Women in technical fields are only 12 percent and while men dominate all higher levels of jobs under management, women are placed in the lowest level of employment. Further the GGA identified key gender equality", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8059426546096802, "start": 1625, "end": 1645, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:1904", "surface": "existing data", "ctx": "cobalt, gypsum, lead, iron ore, limestone, lithium, mica, niobium-tantalum, phosphate, silica sand and tungsten. It also included construction materials such as sand, gravel, aggregate and clays. With the exception o f copper, all other mines constituted a vigorous but small-scale industry with: i) little information on mining reserves; ii) rudimentary technical processes; and iii) lack o f skilled manpower. Existing pegmatite strata rich in feldspar was exploited to recover beryl, in addition to associated occurring mineral resources such as columbite, tantalite, bismuth, and radioactive minerals. During the 1960's, Uganda provided 10 percent o f world beryl production. Decline. Mining in Uganda declined since the mid-l970's, when most o f the mines were destroyed as a result o f political and social unrest. The formal labor force o f over 10,000 workers became unemployed, and informal mining increased. It focused on illegal mining and export o f gold, tin, tungsten and columbitehantalite. These activities increased rural revenues in several areas, but also resulted in environmental degradation, and losses o f fiscal revenues and formal foreign exchange revenues. The mining techniques were rudimentary and poor in terms o f health and safety. Recently, mineral activities have increased considerably due to various initiatives to foster the development of mining. Since 1986, the Government has tried to initiate policies and reforms aimed at encouraging investment in mineral exploration. During 1992-96, the Government tried to re-organize the minerals sector with the aim to start promoting private investment on the basis o f rather isolated and modular initiatives. It initiated the compilation o f existing data and general sectoral information, field follow-up o f some prospective areas, computerization o f data, and various forms o f promotion. It also commenced the drafting o f new legislation for the minerals sector. Private investors have shown preliminary", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4780217111110687, "start": 1724, "end": 1737, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:36995", "surface": "Procurement reports", "ctx": "_Annex_ 7. _Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangements_ should be submitted to IDA six months after the end o f each fiscal year, which ends on _7_ July o f each year. ###### **Reporting and Monitoring** The Bank requires quarterly Financial Monitoring Reports to be submitted 45 days after the end o f each calendar quarter. The FMRs includes: - **_0_** _Financial Reports_ - At a minimum, financial reports must include a statement showing for the period and cumulatively (project life or year to date) cash receipts by sources and expenditures by main expenditure classifications; beginning and ending cash balances o f the project; and supporting schedules comparing actual and planned expenditures; - **_0_** _Physical Progress Reports_ - Physical progress reports include narrative information and output _indicators_ (agreed during project preparation) linking financial information with physical progress, and highlight issues that require attention; - **_0_** _Procurement Reports_ - Procurement reports provide information on the procurement o f goods, work, and related services, and the selection o f consultants, and on compliance with agreed procurement methods. It i s the responsibility o f the Finance Department o f MWR to prepare regular quarterly reports and consolidated annual accounts and facilitate the external audit o f the consolidate accounts. Each o f the other implementing agencies i s responsible to submit regular financial reports to the MWR. MWR will develop the required reporting formats to be used by all the implementing agencies. **Action Plan** |Action tobetaken||| |---|---|---| |Preparation o f a standard reporting<br>formats and chart o f accounts on<br>recording and reporting o fthe<br>Project financial transactions,this<br>maybedone byrev", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.17087838053703308, "start": 1001, "end": 1020, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:19597", "surface": "taxpayer data", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Governance Modernization to Enable Efficient Service Delivery Project (P178808) compliant taxpayers can take advantage of weak enforcement to avoid or evade taxes. Enforcement of the tax law is based mainly on subjective assessments and not on data-based risk analysis, which weakens the overall effectiveness of tax administration and the perception of fairness amongst businesses. 13. **Enhancements to the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) platforms are urgently needed to improve returns from past investments and improve tax collections.** While a Standard Integrated Government Tax Administration System (SIGTAS) exists, an ICT diagnostic<sup>10</sup> in the Ministry of Revenue (MoR) in 2018 identified a number of challenges, such as incomplete transition to a full self-assessment system and an inadequate national payments system and software and network issues. More fundamentally, it identified the inability of MoR to implement significant and domestic reforms through its current structures and recommended a large-scale evolution. The report finds wide misuse of SIGTAS, potential tampering of taxpayer data by ICT staff, inadequate infrastructure, and serious security concerns. The report points to two active risks that might cause catastrophic operational and reputational damage to MoR, namely physical security of infrastructure and the lack of a disaster recovery center. The MoR has established a Tax Transformation Office, which has been tasked with identifying and implementing solutions to address these challenges. 14. **Policy and compliance gaps significantly impact tax collection.** Closing the tax-GDP ratio will require revising tax expenditures and exemptions, reforming policy and compliance gaps in VAT, Excise, Customs, and personal income tax. Reforms in customs, VAT, excise and Personal Income Tax administration that focuses on improving compliance could potentially achieve an increase of 6-7 percentage points in the tax-GDP ratio in the short- to medium-term. With a policy gap of about 2.4 percent and a", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.13362032175064087, "start": 1142, "end": 1155, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:17841", "surface": "IFPRI/CSA 2010 Descriptive Report", "ctx": "|**mproved.**||||||<br>Somali Regions)| |16. Clients and non-clients reporting<br>that the targeting processes are fair<sup>24</sup>.|%|85|65||90||90|Bi-Annual|Impact<br>evaluation|CSA/DRMFSS|| 23 The program is currently in the process of preparing a review of the experiences with the implementation of the Risk Financing facility in the second half of 2011. Data from this review is not yet available. 24 The baseline data is from the 2008 Financial Transparency and Accountability report on the PSNP. The Y6 data is from the IFPRI/CSA 2010 Descriptive Report this change in data source likely explains the decline in the rating. 40", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8459373116493225, "start": 529, "end": 562, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:17266", "surface": "survey data", "ctx": "|333.4|70.9| |2025|80.3|20.6|379.9|73.3| |2026|90.9|21.2|430.0|75.7| |2027|102.7|22.0|485.7|78.1| |2028|115.6|22.7|546.4|80.7| |2029|129.5|23.4|612.8|83.3| |2030|144.7|24.1|685.4|86.0| # _Customer WTP_ 11. Sales were broken down by customer class based on the load forecast for the Masaka region (see Table 7.5). The benefit of the incremental sales to each customer class was based on customer WTP. The primary source of data for the WTP estimates was a detailed socioeconomic survey carried out in 2005 as part of the preparation of the Rural Electrification Master Plan<sup>21</sup> . The survey provides data on households, public buildings and small and medium scale enterprises in selected non-electrified regions (including Mbarra and Masaka, both of which are in the service area of the project). Among the information provided was the current consumption and cost of electricity substitutes and the likely consumption of electricity in the event that service were to be provided. The latter took into account household income and the consequent limitations on ability to pay. 12. The survey data was used to derive two points on the electricity demand curve for <u>households</u> in non-electrified areas. For non-electrified households, the survey found the current consumption of substitutes (P1 and Q1 on the demand curve) to be approximately 3.7 kWh/month at an average cost of US$1", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.955689549446106, "start": 1093, "end": 1104, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:39471", "surface": "3.2|Child malnutrition indicators reported|Met|10", "ctx": "# **Table** **<u>8: Assessment of SCI criteria and linkages to DLIs (cont.)</u>** |**SCI #**|**SCI Dimensions and Indicators**|**SCI Baseline**<br>**Status**|**SCI Baseline**<br>**Score**|**Linked to**<br>**DLIs**| |---|---|---|---|---| |1.8|School enrollment data reported to UNESCO|Not met|0|\u2610| |1.9|National immunization coverage reported to WHO|Not met|0|\u2610| |1.10|Special Data Dissemination Standard Subscription|Not met|0|\u2612| |**2**|**SCI Dimension 2: Source Data**||**50**|| |2.1|Population census conducted during past decade|Met|10|\u2610| |2.2|Agricultural census conducted during past decade|Not Met|0|\u2610| |2.3|Povertysurveyconducted regularly|PartiallyMet|5|\u2612| |2.4|Health surveyconducted regularly|Met|10|\u2610| |2.5|Vital registration system complete|Not Met|0|\u2610| |**3**|**SCI Dimension 3: Periodicity and Timeliness**||**73**|| |3.1|Incomepovertyindicator reported|PartiallyMet|3|\u2612| 3.2|Child malnutrition indicators reported|Met|10 |3.3|Child mortalityindicators reported|Met|10|\u2610| |3.4|Child immunization indicators reported|Met|10", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.15573513507843018, "start": 886, "end": 935, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22467", "surface": "Project Files", "ctx": "**Annex** 8 - **_0_** Staff who will be processing procurement under the proposed project, should familiarize themselves with the revised World Bank Guidelines (May 2004), procurement plans, and SBDs. - **_0_** Each PIT will ensure adequate arrangements for filing and monitoring all procurement documents. - **_0_** PITS should acquaint themselves with the National Procurement Regulations. 16. The overall project risk for procurement i s **Average** for MOE, JSPLC and KenGen. #### **_C._ Procurement Plan** 17. The Borrower, at appraisal, developed a Procurement Plan for the first 18 months for project implementation which provides the basis for the procurement methods. This plan was discussed in detail during the negotiations and accepted by the Bank after making the necessary refinements. The G o K has agreed to the disclosure o f the agreed Procurement Plan o n the Bank\u2019s public website after the Credit has been approved. The agreed procurement plan i s in the Project Files The Procurement Plan shall be updated by the Borrower on an annual basis and be disclosed after Bank\u2019s approval o f the updated Plan. The plan includes relevant information o n supply and installation, goods, works and consulting services under the Project as well as the timing o f each milestone in the procurement process. ### **D. Frequency of Procurement Supervision** 18. In addition, to the prior review supervision to be carried out from Bank offices, the Bank will, from time to time, carry out a capacity assessment o f the implementing agencies to assess their level o f risk. These include special procurement supervision for post-review/audits. Supervision missions will visit the field to carry out post review o f procurement actions. 19. Details o f the Procurement Arrangements involving competition i s given in Table **A**", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4516432583332062, "start": 976, "end": 989, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:19441", "surface": "Baseline data", "ctx": "project and number of project beneficiaries are core indicators. The denominator and numerator for each indicator have been clearly specified to ensure that definitions do not change over time. Baseline data are available and targets have been set for all indicators. The project team intends to conduct an impact evaluation of the project and plans to seek funding for the exercise internally within the Bank. 23", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.14931531250476837, "start": 194, "end": 207, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:39523", "surface": "Country Financial Accountability Assessment", "ctx": "**Annex 7:** **Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangements** **Financial Management** The financial management assessment i s done in line with the guidelines issued by the Financial Management Board on June 30, 200 1 and revised on October 1, 2003. The objective o f the FM assessment i s to determine whether the implementing entities o f PSEP have acceptable financial management arrangements, which will ensure: (1) that the funds are used only for the intended purposes in an efficient and economical way, (2) the preparation o f accurate, reliable and timely periodic financial reports, and (3) to safeguard the entities\u2019 assets. The FM assessment was done during the months o f January and February 2004. The team visited the Ministry - f Education, Jimma, Bahir-Dar and Mekelle Universities, and Gondar University College. The Ethiopia CFAA was issued on June 17, 2003 and the results o f the Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) have been taken into account in performing the assessment for this Program. **Country Issues** The recent Country Financial Accountability Assessment carried out jointly by the government, Bank and donors indicated that although considerable progress has been made in the budgeting process, more needs to be done in the areas o f budgeting, accounting, reporting and auditing. The CFAA report highlighted a development action plan that should be implemented in order to improve the public financial management systems. Most o f the action plan will be covered in the existing financial reforms under way through the financial support o f donors. Until June 2004 when the project ended, the Bank financed the Education Sector Development Program through a sector wide type - f lending. For the Sector Program, there were delays in obtaining regular reports from the regions by MoFED so as to replenish the SAs on time and the audit reports were not submitted to IDA on due dates. The audit reports for", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6048431992530823, "start": 908, "end": 951, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:17717", "surface": "Word Bank COVID-19 Business Pulse Survey", "ctx": "construction, real estate, information, and communications technology (ICT), and public administration sectors. However, activities have remained subdued in most service sectors **.** The external sector proved resilient against the backdrop of the shock, with horticultural exports and remittances performing well<sup>5</sup> . The crisis increased fiscal pressures and led to a widening of the fiscal financing gap from 7.8 percent of GDP in 2019/2020 to 9 percent of GDP in the first half of 2020/2021. Nevertheless, to maintain a fiscal consolidation effort that pre-dates the crisis, the Government of Kenya (GoK) has since rolled back some of its immediate economic support measures. The earlier personal and corporate income tax cuts as well as the reduced value added tax rates were discontinued at the end of December 2020. **3. The pandemic has also created unprecedented supply and demand shocks that have resulted in a drop in economic activities globally.** Kenya\u2019s continued reliance on the export of primary commodities and inability to move up sufficiently the value chain across major economic and productive sectors has left the economy extremely vulnerable to the spillover effects of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)<sup>6</sup> through a range of transmission channels and will need targeted support to facilitate their recovery, particularly for informal sector MSMEs. Around two thirds of firms reported decrease in demand, cash flow and available finance, while 56 percent of firms lament the unavailability of inputs.<sup>7</sup> The Word Bank COVID-19 Business Pulse Survey (BPS) in Kenya > 1 IMF\u2019s World Economic Outlook, January 2021. > 2 World Bank\u2019s Africa Pulse, April 2020. > 3 IMF\u2019s World Economic Outlook, January 2021. > 4 World Bank Kenya Economic Update, June 2021.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9593111276626587, "start": 1620, "end": 1660, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13194", "surface": "2002 census", "ctx": ".** Public providers will be inducted in a phased manner starting with facilities providing comprehensive emergency obstetric services. Including public providers will improve the pool of potential providers under the scheme, increase access to services and provide an opportunity to strengthen performance and introduce accountability mechanisms in the public sector. In order to address the unique challenges faced by public providers, the MoH will issue guidelines to regulate the provision of services and use of resources generated through the scheme by public providers. The public providers will use the guidelines for private wings in the hospitals. In determining the fees the VMA will take account of the funding provided by government to public providers. 9. **The project will use a combination of geographical targeting and a customized poverty grading tool to select eligible beneficiaries.** Eligibility for geographical targeting will be determined through the use of poverty maps prepared by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) using the 2002 census and are updated periodically using the national household surveys. The poverty grading tool was developed during the pilot. The following criteria will be used to determine eligibility for subsidies under the project: - a) Pregnant women residing in sub-counties where over 60 percent of households are deemed poor shall be eligible to join the scheme without undergoing household assessment. - b) Pregnant women resident in sub-counties where poverty is not deemed widespread will undergo a poverty assessment using the poverty grading tool. Eligible beneficiaries will be selected by scoring individual households on a number of different variables, and 25", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8519207239151001, "start": 1058, "end": 1069, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18180", "surface": "2018 Gender Inequality Index", "ctx": "GDP per capita has grown from US$807 in FY2015/16 to US$878 in FY 2018/19. 4. **Poverty reduction has not yet achieved set targets.** The percentage of people living below the national poverty line (US$1 per day) was 21.4 percent in FY2017/18 compared to the NDP 2 target of 14.2 percent. For the first time in more than a decade, there was a reversal in the poverty levels in 2017, largely due to droughts and crop failures. Average life expectancy is 63 years<sup>2</sup> , and the fertility rate is among the highest in the world. Uganda ranked 127th out of 162 countries in the 2018 Gender Inequality Index Prevalence rates of gender-based violence (GBV) in Uganda are high compared to both global and regional averages.<sup>4</sup> The Government of Uganda recognizes GBV as a serious problem and approved a National Policy on the Elimination of GBV in October 2016. 5. **Poor and vulnerable people typically live in rural areas, have large families, and derive their income predominantly from farming, with high dependency on forests.** One in four rural Ugandans lives in poverty compared to just one in ten urban Ugandans. Rural poverty has become further entrenched as a disproportionate percentage of the population remains trapped in subsistence agriculture. A heavy reliance on rain-fed and subsistence agriculture continues to expose the economy to risks from adverse weather, and these risks are likely to grow under most scenarios for future climate change.<sup>5</sup> Uganda is vulnerable to climate change, and its impacts are already being experienced in the region.<sup>6</sup> Increased > 1 https://data.worldbank.org/country/", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9299018383026123, "start": 582, "end": 610, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13201", "surface": "District assessments of child care needs", "ctx": "C project. The health education aspects of the project will promote positive environmental impact since this will encourage the use of latrines and environmental hygiene. |**19. Participatory Approach:**|Identification/Prepar|ation<br>Implementation|Operation| |---|---|---|---| |Beneficiaries/community groups|CONS, COL|CONS, COL|CONS, COL| |Intermediary NGOs|IS, CONS, COL|IS, CONS, COL|CONS, COL| |Academic institutions|IS, CONS|COL|COL| |Local government|IS, CONS, COL|IS, CONS, COL|IS, CONS, COL| |Other donors (UNICEF, FAO, WHO)|CONS, COL|CONS, COL|CONS, COL| Note: IS=information sharing, CONS=consultation, COL=collaboration The government adopted a participatory process in the development of the project. At the initial stages, a stakeholder analysis was carried out to determnine the key stakeholders of the proposed program. This was followed by three national client consultation workshops, each of which had attendance from at least 60 representatives from the project stakeholders--government ministries, donors, NGOs, district officials, academia, private sector, and parents groups. In addition, four separate needs assessments using participatory rural appraisals were conducted, the results of which were presented at the participatory client consultation workshops. District assessments of child care needs were carried out in sample communities in rural and urban areas. Since NGOs will be involved in the project, extensive consultations with various NGO groups were held throughout the preparation period. Several divergent views were expressed by some NGOs on the project approach. The project design reflects the consensus of groups who were consulted. ###### 20. Sustainability: The present credit will finance the first phase of a long-", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19256055355072021, "start": 1286, "end": 1326, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:8364", "surface": "national survey of 197 public and private hospitals", "ctx": "**initiatives being implemented to increase access, especially amongst the poor** . At least six countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa now operate voucher schemes for facility-based delivery. Voucher programs are thought to offer a number of potential advantages for scaling up access to safe delivery care in suitable contexts. Voucher schemes are seen as a vehicle to target subsidies to pregnant women hindered by financial barriers and to encourage appropriate use of services. Voucher programs have been shown to improve investment in health facility capacity. On the other hand, voucher programs are complex and require effective administrative arrangements, which come with additional costs. Operating costs have been suggested as the main threat to the viability of vouchers for scaling up access. A clear need thus exists to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of voucher programs. 11. **A cost effectiveness analysis**<sup>**20**</sup> **of the Uganda Reproductive Health Voucher Project was carried out** with the aim of establishing the cost-effectiveness of safe delivery services in terms of costs and consequences between the Output-Based Aid voucher intervention arm and the non-intervention arm (only existing government and private sources of delivery care operating with status quo funding arrangements). The study adopted a provider\u2019s perspective and was conducted in the six districts under the OBA project. For the public facilities, the costs were derived from national sources of data<sup>21</sup> and underwent further adjustments in the study area. To estimate project effects, the study refers to a national survey of 197 public and private hospitals . Due to data limitations the analysis only focuses on the four major conditions of maternal mortality: hemorrhage, obstructed labor, puerperal sepsis and complications of abortion, and excludes hypertensive disorders, as well as, the costs and effects of managing fetal distress, neonatal sepsis, birth asphyxia,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9264116287231445, "start": 1631, "end": 1682, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:24218", "surface": "procurement records", "ctx": "<br>Project<br>effectivene|first<br>after<br>ss| |Loss and/or unauthorized access<br>to procurement records due to<br>poor record management.|Provide record keeping facilities to all<br>procurement staff such as lockable file<br>cabinet and upload the procurement and<br>contract documents in STEP as soon as each<br>transaction takesplace.|All IAs|In<br>the<br>quarter of<br>project<br>effectivenes|first<br>the<br>s| |Delay in effecting payment<br>which is as a result of delays in<br>reviewing<br>and<br>approval<br>of<br>deliverables<br>submitted<br>by<br>consultants;inspection for the|The<br>implementing<br>agencies<br>should<br>establish and adhere to business standard<br>to avoid delays in reviewing and approving<br>deliverables, inspection and approval of the<br>deliveredgoods and completed works.|All IAs|During<br>contract<br>implementa|the<br>tion| Page 46 of 48", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.04967218264937401, "start": 88, "end": 107, "band": "drop", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:28329", "surface": "Systematic tracking of Exchanges in Procurement", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Ethiopia COVID-19 Emergency Response (P173750) the period end **.** Subject to the successful completion of the actions recommended to address the risks identified, the proposed FM arrangements can be considered acceptable to the World Bank. 40. **To facilitate for the timely release of resources and commence the implementation, the project will open the** **designated accounts and take any other necessary action to start implementation without delay.** IFR formats and updated audit TORs will be agreed at the implementation stage. Furthermore, the World Bank will continue to provide its implementation support and supervision missions and update the risk and mitigating measures regularly. 41. **Retroactive financing** . Withdrawals up to an aggregate amount not to exceed SDR 12,120,000 under the credit and SDR 12,120,000 under the grant may be made for payments made prior to this date but on or after December 15, 2019, for eligible expenditures. **(ii) Procurement** 42. **Procurement for the project will be carried out in accordance with the World Bank\u2019s Procurement Regulations** **for IPF Borrowers for Goods, Works, Non-Consulting and Consulting Services, dated July 1, 2016 (revised in** **November 2017 and August 2018).** The project will be subject to the World Bank\u2019s Anticorruption Guidelines, dated October 15, 2006, revised in January 2011, and as of July 1, 2016. The project will use the Systematic tracking of Exchanges in Procurement (STEP) to plan, record and track procurement transactions. 43. **The major planned procurement includes medical supplies, drugs, and equipment, capacity building and** **training, community outreach, establishing quarantine centers and call centers, and support to the project** **implementation and monitoring.** Finalization", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19184358417987823, "start": 1435, "end": 1482, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:31998", "surface": "County-level data", "ctx": "**Having more regular and reliable poverty data would also result in efficiency gains in social programs.** In Kenya, cash transfers are increasingly becoming an important tool to fight poverty. Kenya\u2019s cash transfer programs provide about US$23 per month to around 515,000 households. Targeting of transfers is however based on old data, and updating the targeting procedure with new data, specifically the proxy mean test weights used to assess whether candidate households are eligible for cash transfers or not, will improve the accuracy of the targeting and therefore increase the number of poor families benefiting from the program. In monetary terms, one might value the return on improved targeting as the dollar value of the cash transfers that would be redistributed from non-poor to poor households if households were reclassified using updated targeting procedures enabled by new data. If targeting accuracy would improve by 10 percent thanks to new data, the value of the new data would be in the order of US$1.2 million in relation to cash transfers alone (and more if targeting accuracy would improve more). **Finally, the production of County-level data is of paramount importance for the revenue allocation from central Government to Counties.** The 2010 Constitution stipulates that the 47 County governments collectively receive a minimum of 15 percent of national revenues of the last audited financial year. In the 2014/15 fiscal year, Counties were allocated Ksh 226 billion (US$2.5 billion), amounting to 3.9 percent of GDP. The total amount is shared across Counties based on a formula that incorporates County population, poverty, land size, and fiscal responsibility, next to an equal share allocation. Population and poverty determine 65 percent of a County\u2019s allocation.<sup>25</sup> The use of outdated data in the sharing of resources implies substantial misallocation of resources, which is problematic given the sheer amount of resources involved (to give an idea of magnitude, the amount", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3134962022304535, "start": 1152, "end": 1169, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:8535", "surface": "high frequency phone survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Uganda: Investment for Industrial Transformation and Employment (P171607) indicated that they struggled to make ends meet.<sup>12</sup> Of those MSMEs in Kampala, 45 percent reported closing their business as a direct consequence of the pandemic. They were facing both demand (willingness to spend) and supply (labor force disruptions) constraints. Socioeconomically depressed districts, such as those hosting refugees, are expected to be even further negatively impacted. The poorest quintiles and vulnerable communities, including refugees, are already showing significant income reductions and increased food insecurity. ## **B. Sectoral and Institutional Context** 10. **COVID-19 remains a significant threat to emerging economic transformation in Uganda and puts prospects of new jobs in danger.** Data from the June 2020<sup>13</sup> Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) high frequency phone survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic show that the following sectors lost the highest number of workers: services 43 percent, commerce 43 percent, and transport 39 percent. It is expected that the hardest-hit firms will be exporters to international markets, manufacturing companies, and start-ups. The floriculture industry, for example, which employs over 10,000 people, is still facing severe disruptions in its supply chains and cancellation of orders. Restarting or continuing economic transformation will require the provision of new loans and products in the market, leaner and more efficient firms and rapid adaptation to new market conditions, and the capacity to identify new markets and sources of demand, particularly for new and exporting firms. This is consistent with the World Bank Group\u2019s economic response including the <mark>Green, Resilient, and Inclusive Development (</mark> GRID)<sup>14</sup> approach, to promote sustainable business growth and job creation by", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.84848552942276, "start": 894, "end": 921, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22159", "surface": "Inspection Reports", "ctx": "months of Credit Effectiveness. ###### **Local Governments** 18. Under the new Local Government Amendment Act, Local Governments are required to have a Contracts Committee (CC) and a Procuring and Disposal Unit. For most o f the districts, the CCs have now been operationalized. In the interim, The Secretary CC i s responsible for conducting procurement until the PDUs are staffed with at least 1 trained Procurement Officer. This process i s expected to be completed by December 2007. The project i s also supporting the professionalization of administrative staff in local governments. 19. Based on reviews carried out by MoLG, the record keeping in LGs has been poor. Improvements were noted in the calendar year 2007 following the Inspection Reports carried out, but generally, the records kept have been inadequate. 20. The main risk for procurement under LGs i s the misuse of LDG and CBG grants by LGs without Procurement and Disposal Units. 21. In light o f the (i) limited procurement to be done by LGs with each contract not expected to exceed US$60,000 and (ii) the newly applicable Procurement Act and Regulations, the overall risk for procurement for Local Governments is rated as **AVERAGE.** 64", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5119215846061707, "start": 736, "end": 754, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:12233", "surface": "Demographic Health Survey", "ctx": "stakeholders, particularly those from historically underserved communities and other vulnerable and marginalized groups including women, unemployed youth, the elderly, disabled persons, resource poor individuals, ethnic minorities, forest-dependent communities, and so on. 140. As the OFLP-ERP is being operated in a changing and fragile environment with complex social relationships, the program might exacerbate or create likely social concerns related to intertribal conflicts and other forms of disputes; land tenure security issues; forced eviction; elite captures; labor conditions and issues related to labor influx including violence against children, sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual harassment (SEA/SH), and other forms of gender-based violence (GBV); and other issues related to community health and safety such as transmission of communicable disease (for example, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and so on). 141. In addition, inadequate awareness and capacity to manage relevant social issues such as forced and child labor, GRM, lack of gender-sensitive instruments, and so on and weak capacity and expertise within the government structures to deal with both social and environmental risks to properly implement ESRM instruments, including weak multisectoral coordination, may exacerbate the potential social risks. 142. Furthermore, implementation of REDD+ legacy projects and REDD+ Investment Program (financed by Norway) activities might have associated social risks including over expectation of financial and nonfinancial support from REDD+ which may create or exacerbate conflict between the local officials and communities, exclusion of forest-dependent communities, weak legal enforcement on sustainable forest management endeavors, and unavailability of locally accessible GRM. 143. **SEA/SH risk rating.** The GBV/SEA/SH risk classification for this program is rated Substantial. According to the Demographic Health Survey (2016) report, in addition to the high prevalence of GBV risks in the context of Ethiopia induced by traditional harmful practices such as early marriage, polygamy, rape", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.885780394077301, "start": 1949, "end": 1974, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:32674", "surface": "project\u2019s database", "ctx": "o f the projects may be delegated to handle their own procurement if they demonstrate that they have the capacity. The overall project risk for procurement i s high. ##### **C. PROCUREMENT PLAN** The Borrower, at appraisal, developed a procurement plan for project implementation which provides the basis for the procurement methods. This plan has been agreed between the Borrower and the Project Team on November 18,2004 and i s available at PCU, MOTI. It will also be available in the project\u2019s database and in the Bank\u2019s external website. The Procurement Plan will be updated in agreement with the Project Team annually or as required to reflect the actual project implementation needs and improvements in institutional capacity. ##### **D. FREQUENCY OF PROCUREMENT SUPERVISION** In addition to the prior review supervision to be carried out from Bank offices, the capacity assessment o f the Implementing Agency has recommended biannual supervision missions to visit the field to carry out post review o f procurement actions. 61", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1663723886013031, "start": 487, "end": 505, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:4132", "surface": "World Bank Enterprise Survey 2018", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Supporting Access to Finance and Enterprise Recovery (SAFER) Project (P175017) ### **B. Sectoral and Institutional Context** **8. Despite a vibrant financial sector and the substantial contribution of MSMEs to the Kenyan economy,**<sup>**22**</sup> **lending to MSMEs has been declining for the past few years.**<sup>**23**</sup> The introduction of the interest rate cap on loans and interest floor on deposits in 2016 led to significant credit misallocation, with commercial banks shifting from lending to the private sector, especially to MSMEs, to investing in government securities. This decline is further confirmed on the demand side by the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2018 with the proportion of small firms identifying access to finance as a major constraint jumped from 15.1 percent in 2013 to 32.3 percent in 2018. The cap was officially lifted in November 2019, but the impact of its elimination on MSME lending and lending rates is yet to be seen. Lack of collateral remains one of the key constraints to accessing finance by creditworthy MSMEs. The 2018 Enterprise Survey identified that banks in Kenya require collateral worth 240 percent of the loan amount for 88 percent of small borrowers, with women-owned businesses being more adversely affected<sup>24</sup> (see the Gender section for more details). With COVID-19, the situation has worsened while demand from viable MSMEs exists. **9. Similar to countries with comparable levels of development, Kenya\u2019s financial sector is dominated by banks.** The banking sector accounts for 65 percent of the total financial sector assets and about 50 percent of GDP<sup>25</sup> . The Kenyan banking sector remains stable, well-capitalized and has posted", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.970478892326355, "start": 667, "end": 700, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:5367", "surface": "Uganda Refugee Protection Assessment Update", "ctx": "of refugees and foster an enabling environment for them to live in safety and with dignity. Uganda is also implementing the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) in accordance with the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants that is guiding and framing all refugee-related activities. These, combine with the aim to ensure that the refugee response provides support to both refugees and RHDs, putting them on a path to self-reliance and by bridging humanitarian and development ways of working. Uganda has reiterated its ongoing commitments to refugee protection in the context of COVID-19 in Uganda\u2019s Strategy Note on Support to Refugees and RHDs. Since initial eligibility for WHR resources, Uganda has been implementing Refugee and Host Community Sector Response Plans for: education; health; water and environment; and jobs and 36 Based on the Uganda Refugee Protection Assessment Update August 2-18, 2021. Page 18 of 92", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8252204060554504, "start": 865, "end": 908, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22009", "surface": "World Bank surveys", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Governance Modernization to Enable Efficient Service Delivery Project (P178808) competencies. A 2022 World Bank survey of civil servants found that only half of federal civil servants were recruited through examination and interview. Federal civil servants also self-reported significant concerns regarding the efficacy of Balanced Scorecard reforms introduced a decade prior, given perceptions of implementation bias and minimal repercussions for poor performance. World Bank surveys pre-COVID in 2019 and post-outbreak in 2022 consistently show low levels of civil servant motivation, driven by low salary satisfaction, inadequate resources, the lack of professional development opportunities, and low prestige of the civil service. 10. **The current approach to civil servant training is fragmented and inadequate** . Ethiopia has several public sector training institutions that provide often overlapping training of varied quality. These include the Civil Service University that provides degree (bachelors and masters) training to civil servants, the Ethiopia Management Institute (EMI) that provides short-term training and consultancy services, and the Africa Leadership Excellence Academy that provides short-term training to senior civil servants and political appointees. As competency frameworks are not in place, training offered is not clearly linked with organizational needs and are often compliance and procedure-oriented and do not respond to emerging organizational requirements. New competencies are needed to meet new challenges. For example, mainstreaming global priority issues such as climate change or gender in the way business processes are conducted is critical across government. However, there is very limited training and exposure provided on such issues. ## **Domestic Revenue Mobilization** 11. **Ethiopia\u2019s tax effort has not kept pace with its economic growth** . While the average real GDP growth rate between 2011-19 was an impressive 9.5 percent, with over 6 percent growth each year<sup>6</sup> in the last three years, the tax-to-GDP ratio dropped from 12 percent", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7967620491981506, "start": 485, "end": 503, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34976", "surface": "DTIS", "ctx": "in the low level o f exports - almost all Ethiopian firms are producing for the domestic market and only a few firms participate in export activities or have managed to attract foreign capital. - _(iii)_ L o w labor productivity and thus a limited capacity o f the private sector to compete, and weak institutional support for the private sector. While the cost o f labor i s very low, compared to some leading countries exporting labor-intensive manufactures,\u2019 a typical worker in Ethiopia i s 80 percent less productive than the average worker in Bangladesh and less than half as productive as the average Chinese worker. The PSD C B project will help address the above constraints that relate to policies and institutions by providing technical and financial assistance aiming to reduce the role o f the Government, improve the business climate, support stronger integration o f the Ethiopian economy into the regional and international markets and increase labor productivity o f the private sector ###### _Public sector dominance_ The public sector i s large in Ethiopia and it has been the fastest growing sector in the 1990s, particularly since 1997 (CEM). During a decade o f 1993-2003, the administration (including defense sector) expanded by almost 9 percent per year and its share in total GDP now reaches 12.7 percent. Although industrial growth has accelerated by 5.1 percent, industry accounts for only 10.9 percent of GDP. Total Government expenditures in 2003, accounted for around 37 percent o f GDP - excluding public enterprises (PES). Over the last five years, public investment, including PES, has accounted for around 55 percent o f total capital formation on average. > 3 Among them are: (i) ICA, 2002; (ii) DTIS 2003; (iii) CEM, draft in 2004; (iv) EDRI survey MSMEs of 2004. According to ICA results (2002), median surveyed firm hired only 14 employees compared", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8111124038696289, "start": 1732, "end": 1736, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22182", "surface": "DHS", "ctx": "percentage point coverage is achieved earlier than the fourth year, this DLI will **be** fully disbursing ahead of schedule. However, if the increase is only **6** percentage points **by** the end of fourth year, the disbursement will **be US$ 15** million. Also, non-achievement of a DLI **by** the agreed time will not result in immediate loss of the allocated resources; subsequent achievement of the DLI target (either full or partial) during the project period will enable the country to access the allocated money depending on the level of achievement. At the program midterm, the need for realignment of disbursements will be made based on the performance of the DLIs. **_52._ Details of proposed validation are presented in Table 8.** The disbursement against DLIs that require population level data will **be** done based on DHS or Cluster surveys. As explained earlier, these surveys use standard methodologies and no further validation is proposed. The proposed validation arrangements for the four process indicators include semi-annual data validation for **HMIS led by** technical and implementation partners and annual rapid health facility assessments **by** EHNRI with technical support from the Bank. The methodology for obtaining data on Balanced Score Card will **be** finalized during the first year of the implementation. An external consultant (either local or international) with appropriate technical expertise will **be** recruited **by** FMOH in collaboration with Federal Public Procurement and Property Administration Agency (FPPA) to carry out the verification of DLI relating to improvement of **PFSA** transparency on annual basis. ### IV. **ASSESSMENT SUMMARY** ### **A. Technical (including program economic evaluation)** **_53.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.44039320945739746, "start": 834, "end": 837, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22922", "surface": "quarterly IFRs", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Marine Fisheries and Socio-Economic Development Project (P163980) ## **ANNEX 1: Implementation Arrangements and Support Plan** **COUNTRY: Kenya** **Marine Fisheries and Socio-Economic Development Project** ## **Strategy and Approach** 1. The strategy and approach for implementation support will focus on assessing progress toward achieving the PDO and overall implementation progress, and on effectively responding to issues and challenges as they arise. By placing emphasis on mitigating the risks identified at various levels, the approach for implementation support will include formal implementation support missions, including field visits to the areas where project activities will be carried out, and adhoc support through technical discussions and visits.<sup>47</sup> Specifically, this will include: i) semi-annual<sup>48</sup> implementation support missions to be carried out in coordination with other relevant development partners; ii) a mid-term review that will include a comprehensive assessment of the progress achieved approximately three years into project implementation, and serves as a platform for addressing any issues associated with the Project design including identification of needed adjustments; and iii) implementation completion, where an independent assessment of the Project will be undertaken to draw lessons to inform future or similar operations. The strategy, as articulated above, will include a concerted plan of technical, fiduciary, and safeguards support needed to ensure due diligence over the course of project implementation. 2. Technical support: At the technical level, the Bank has assembled the appropriate skill mix from various Global Practices, including consultants, who have the experience needed to support effective project implementation. 3. Financial management: FM reviews will be regularly conducted by the Bank\u2019s FM specialist to ensure that fiduciary capacity and systems remain in accordance with the Bank\u2019s fiduciary requirements. The Bank requires that quarterly IFRs be submitted to the Bank together with annual", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06126405671238899, "start": 2040, "end": 2054, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:12208", "surface": "2023 Human Capital Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Northern Uganda Social Action Fund IV Project (P179904) ## **I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT** ## **A. Project Strategic Context** 1. **Although the Ugandan economy recorded accelerated growth, intensifying shocks create challenges for sustaining economic growth, reducing poverty, and improving human capital.** The overall poverty rate was 20.3 percent in 2020, a decline of just under one percent since 2016/2017.<sup>1</sup> Using the international poverty line of US$2.15 purchasing power parity per day, the poverty rate fell significantly from 66 percent in 2002 to 37.5 percent in 2012, but increased to 42 percent in 2019.<sup>2</sup> Among the poor, 41.8 percent cannot meet their food needs and 80 percent reside in rural areas, with the highest poverty rates observed in the northern subregions of Acholi (67.7 percent), Karamoja (65.7 percent), Bukedi (34.7 percent), and Busoga (29.4 percent).<sup>3</sup> Underinvestment in human capital also poses a threat to the country\u2019s long-term development trajectory. The country scores 0.38 on the 2023 Human Capital Index with 42 percent of Ugandans facing deprivations in education, health, well-being, and empowerment.<sup>4</sup> Childhood undernutrition is high, with stunting and anemia affecting 26 percent and almost half of children under five respectively, with significant regional disparities. 2. **Systemic drivers of poverty, including frequent climate change-related shocks, remain a challenge.** Over the last decade, 30 to 40 percent of households experienced shocks, with poor households in rural areas which rely on subsistence agriculture being the most", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9016833305358887, "start": 1063, "end": 1087, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34120", "surface": "value chain diagnostics", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT longer-term economic benefits and do not merit LIPW support. Priority will be given to expanding successful afforestation subprojects initiated under DRDIP Phase I. ## **Component 3: Economic Opportunity (US$90.5 million equivalent)** 35. **This component will enhance economic opportunities in priority value chains and build production and market participation capacity among host communities and refugees.** It will support the GoU strategic priorities under NDP IV pillars, which emphasize agri-business-based industrialization, value addition, fostering an entrepreneurial mindset, and achieving economic transformation for increased households' income. The component will focus on raising agricultural and livestock productivity, promoting value addition, expanding market access, and incorporating climate resilience. 36. **The target beneficiaries will be smallholders and livestock farmers within the priority value chains identified at district levels.** The beneficiaries will be mobilized into groups at parish level to increase production and will receive a tailored package of technical assistance and financing to strengthen crop and livestock production at commercial scale and quality, support initial aggregation and value addition at the parish level, and increase market engagement by connecting project-supported farmers to POs and private sector partnerships. The component will support at least 234,500 households (of which 35 percent refugees), across 12,370 self-help groups (SHGs) and CIGs. 37. _Sub-component 3.1: Resilient Value Chains and Enterprise Investments (US$77.5 million)._ Value chain investments to be supported have been identified in each district based on comparative advantage, profitability, and marketing potential. Existing value chain diagnostics indicate that crop-based investments in the Western Region will consider coffee, beans, maize, sweet bananas, vegetables, and aquaculture, contributing to industrial potential and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.614342212677002, "start": 1895, "end": 1918, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:33378", "surface": "financial reports", "ctx": "accounts at regional and ULG levels and report based replenishment o f funds). The funds will flow from MOFED to ULGs through BOFED using the government system and based on annual plans and budgets. 67. MOFED will prepare Financial Management Guidelines as part o f the OM for the project that sets out brief instructions on the accounting policies and procedures, Chart o f Accounts, financial reporting and auditing arrangements for ULGDP. On the basis o f financial reports received from the relevant implementing agencies at the federal, regional and ULG levels, MOFED will submit a consolidated IFR to IDA within 45 days after the end o f each quarter. In addition MOFED will prepare annual financial statements and submit these to external auditors. The Federal Auditor General will assign external auditors, acceptable to IDA, to conduct the audit o f the project financial transactions. 68. To strengthen the financial management system for the project, key actions have been outlined in the Financial Management Action Plan and include the following: Prior to Credit effectiveness, (i) the preparation o f the Financial Management Guidelines referred to above; (ii) the recruitment o f a qualified accountant at MOFED; and (iii) the provision o f training on project financial management and preparation o f the IFRs for all staff involved in project accounting. In addition, within three months after Credit effectiveness, MWUD and the ULGs should prepare a program to carry out internal audits o f their respective project funds, and within six months after Credit effectiveness, an external auditor should be recruited to ensure that the project accounts are audited and submitted to IDA on time. 69. The overall conclusion from the financial management assessment i s that the existing government system can be used for the implementation o f the project, provided the actions outlined above are undertaken as agreed. The detailed financial management assessment i s shown in Annex _7._ #### **Procure", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3479159474372864, "start": 459, "end": 476, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:23448", "surface": "data on road financing", "ctx": "|.<br>|.<br>|.<br>|.<br>| |Govt Budget<br>flue2 tax)<br>Total Revenue|Birr M|.<br>1|174.0<br>7624|191.0<br>8912|191.2<br>10106|187.0<br>12033|185.4<br>8880| |<br>% of GDP|<br>%|<br>D|.<br>12|.<br>13|,.<br>13|,.<br>NA|.<br>12| |<br>Revenue<br>Increase|<br>%|<br>1<br>E=D-C|.<br>0.3|.<br>0.3|.<br>0.4|..<br>N.A.|.<br>0.3| |<br> <br>Source: Ethiopian<br>Road Authority,<br>Ministry<br>of|<br>Finance<br>& Eco|<br>nomic<br>Developmen|<br>t,<br>National|<br>Bank of E|<br>thiopia<br>&|Road Fund|,| Ethiopia: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, First Annual Progress Report, Dec. 2003. * Average for the fiscal balance; totals elsewhere ** Since data on road financing is not disaggregated for the projected period, 2004/05-2005/06, an average of five years proportion (48 percent) is used to compute the road financing for the projected period. N.A. - Not Available 56", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.25506922602653503, "start": 638, "end": 660, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:25460", "surface": "National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System", "ctx": "Government\u2019s National Anti-Corruption Strategy aims to eliminate corruption and abuse o f power in the management o f public and private affairs through a rebuilt and strengthened system o f integrity, ethical behaviour and conduct in local governance including civil society, private sector organizations and local communities. At the local level, the focus will be on accountability to ensure that systems and guidelines are adhered to within budgeting, accounting and procurement. A Revised Charter on Accountability and Ethical Code o f Conduct for Local Governments, 2006, has been prepared and would need to be operationalized at the local level. In addition, taking into consideration the increased mandates o f LGs in service delivery and complementary resource flows, the Government i s developing a good governance and anti corruption strategy (GGAC) for local governments to be implemented at sector level. **Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E).** There are multiple M&E tools which are for specific individual programs/projects such as PMA, NAADS, NUSAF, LGDPII, etc. Equally challenging i s the fact that there are several levels o f M&E structure each performing key tasks that are loosely interlinked. The line ministries, IGG, OAG, MOLG, the Office o f the Prime Minister (OPM) and the NPA all undertake parallel M&E missions in local governments. Currently, there is no centralized system where information deduced from the various specialist M&E missions is located for easy storage and retrievals by interested stakeholders. The O P M monitors and evaluates government performance through the National Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation System (NIMES). This i s critical for obtaining a broad picture with respect to how the whole country i s performing. However, the M o L G should coordinate and be the center for data storage and retrieval o f information generated from the local government system linked to the NIMES framework. The major weaknesses manifested in LGs has been", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4361162483692169, "start": 1608, "end": 1660, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:7937", "surface": "per-enrollee cost data", "ctx": "per tertiary student (around $670) - which is one o f the lowest in Africa - generates a highly imbalanced ratio which could be used to conclude that there i s need to lower costs. In reality, the quality o f higher education in Ethiopia is already poor and a lowering o f costs, even if accompanied by some improvements in management efficiency (which is already better in Ethiopia than in some other African countries), will only produce a further decline in educational quality. Redistributing some o f the direct costs o f higher education to government among beneficiaries and the private sector in a sustainable and socially responsible manner i s perhaps the best way to both expand the system and ensure the maintenance o f some measure o f quality. Although it is hard to argue that affordable tertiary education i s only cause and not effect o f fast growth, it is clear that managing to contain costs, but without sacrificing critical investments in quality, so as to be able to enroll considerable numbers o f students, is at least partly contributing to the success o f the fast-growing economies. Second, as in all countries, some universities seem more cost-competitive than others. Unfortunately in Ethiopia there are, at present, no per-enrollee cost data that hold type o f specialization or program constant. However, data from other countries suggest that, prior to the imposition o f a funding formula, there is great variation in per enrollee costs. Over the past three years in Ethiopia the mean absolute deviation o f per student costs for universities as a whole, even leaving out Gondar Medical College (which is naturally higher) i s 15% o f the median. - 78", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5073227882385254, "start": 1250, "end": 1272, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:9616", "surface": "statistics", "ctx": "General, she/he has the right to submit his complaint to the Board. As with all situations in Ethiopia, people can report Fraud and corruption cases directly to the **FEACC** who is mandated to investigate and prosecute corruption offences and impropriety. ### **Alignment with Anti-Corruption Guidelines for PforR Operations** **23. To** address the fraud and corruption issues associated with the fiduciary risks highlighted in the assessments, as well as to ensure the Bank's Anti-Corruption Guidelines (ACGs) applicable to P-for-R Operations are met, the section below summarizes the discussions and agreements with the Government on the additional measures within the Program: ## Sharing of information on Fraud **&** Corruption Allegations 24. In line with the P-for-R ACGs, the **FEACC** will consolidate and share information with the Bank on all allegations of corruption received from the general public, including on procurement, from activities conducted **by** the **PFSA** as part of their procurement responsibilities under the program. The **FEACC** has agreed to share information on corruption allegations with the Bank immediately while at the same time conducting its own internal investigations. During the period 2004 to April **2011,** the Board received a total of 208complaints from purchasers, and a total of **108** complaints from bidders. Records show 34% of complaints received from purchasers are decided in favor of purchaser with a result leading to warning given to suppliers and some suppliers **(4%)** cancelled from suppliers list. Likewise, **33%** of complaints received from suppliers are decided in favor of suppliers with a result leading to change of decision and/or cancellation of bid. The complaints Board does not make public its decisions nor are any of its statistics open for public domain", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.15814517438411713, "start": 1806, "end": 1816, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34265", "surface": "census", "ctx": "market indicators (including underemployment and the share of NEET youth), and absence of similar programs. The project will utilize, where available, the latest data from relevant surveys, including the census national household survey, and demographic and health surveys to guide geographical targeting under the project. ## **D. Project Components** ## **Component 1: Sustainable Livelihoods Enhancement (US$137 million IDA Credit)** 13. **The objective of this component is to enhance economic opportunities and productivity of poor households** . It will target 240,000 beneficiaries (covering one million people across beneficiary households). It will consist of two subcomponents, both of which will: (a) utilize private sector technical partners to support implementation; and (b) maximize the participation of women and youth through proactive engagement, gender-sensitive training, and tailored communication for these target beneficiaries. ## **_Subcomponent 1A: Sustainable Livelihoods Enhancement in Rural Areas (US$103 million IDA Credit)_** 14. **This subcomponent will focus on supporting sustainable livelihoods for 150,000 beneficiaries in rural areas with entrepreneurship development.** It will finance: (a) small grants of up to US$300 (approximately UGX 1 million) per beneficiary to invest in an economic activity; (b) business skills training, including fostering an entrepreneurial mindset; (c) specialized technical training focused on quality enhancement; (d) training for digital and financial literacy; (e) connection to affordable credit, leveraging, when possible, formal financial products and services; (f) mentorship to guide beneficiaries through implementation; and (g) linkages to markets through proactive engagement with the private sector which can support beneficiaries in aggregation and value addition, and provide access to credit, inputs, and markets. 15. **Most of the economic activities will be in the agricultural sector** . In sparsely populated", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4607127010822296, "start": 204, "end": 210, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:19661", "surface": "projections by the MoH", "ctx": "-19 case management. This approach, though necessary in Uganda, puts significant pressure on the health system both from an infrastructure and a human resource perspective. Currently, Uganda has less than one hospital bed per 1,000 people, and there are only 60 fully operational Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds nationwide. Lessons learned from countries like Italy, Spain, and USA also emphasize the importance of health system readiness to manage the investable caseload of COVID-19 patients adequately and safely. <mark>17.</mark> **<mark>To ensure a comprehensive response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the GoU has developed a one-year Integrated National COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Plan (the \u2018National Plan\u2019) costed at US$126.2 million.</mark>** <mark>Through this plan, the GoU, the World Bank, and other development partners have prioritized interventions and aligned financial support to respond to the outbreak. The goal of this plan is to provide a framework for prevention and control of COVID19 by curtailing importation of the disease; interrupting transmission early and fast through rapid detection and containment; and minimizing morbidity, mortality, and social and economic disruption. This goal will be achieved through the following pillars: (i) development of country capacity for early detection, confirmation, reporting, and</mark> > 17 According to projections by the MoH it is expected that there will be 1.7 million cases, with 336,000 (20 percent) hospitalized and 50,400 (3 percent) in intensive care 80 days after the first case. Such an astronomical increase in infection would completely outstrip the health system. Page 11 of 39", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7220991253852844, "start": 1376, "end": 1398, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:25589", "surface": "SDPRP", "ctx": "# Main Assumptions: Sensitivity analysis I Switching values of critical items: An analysis of switch values is presented below. Switch values represent the percentage change in costs or benefits that would give an NPV of zero in the economic appraisal. The results show that for the complete road links, construction costs would need to increase by over 75% in order for the NPV to be zero. Similarly benefits would need to be reduced by more than 40% to achieve the same result. # Switching Values ||Construction<br>cost|Benefits| |---|---|---| |Assela-|+2.08|-0.68| |DodolalShashemene-Goba||| |Gob Gob-Woldiya|+1.63|-0.62| |Adwa-Shire|3-2.5|-0.71| |Magna-Mechara|t-O.6|-0.36| # Fiscal Impact Analysis. During the appraisal of IDA Credit 3032-ET, in 1997, and at the beginning of RSDP, fiscal impact analysis was carried out to show projections of revenue and expenditure (as percent of GDP) for the roads program, along with the health and education sector programs (SIPS) over the RSDP I period from 1997/98-200 1102. At the appraisal of the APL1 in 2003, within the first year of the RSDP II, a similar analysis showing actual and projected revenues, recurrent and capital expenditures was undertaken, and shown in the Annex 5 of PAD for APL1 (Grant H049-ET). In this PAD, data was obtained from the ERA, MOFED, NBE, RFA, as well as the SDPRP - First Annual Progress Report, December 2003. The updated annual results of the analysis for the period 1997198", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6065399646759033, "start": 1341, "end": 1346, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:45199", "surface": "World Development Indicators", "ctx": "advances, important disparities remain. Even with near parity at the secondary education level, the education gender gap widens in the late teen years. By age 18-22, 18 percent of women have left school, compared to 14 percent of men the same age.<sup>11</sup> Partly as a result, women accounted for 72 percent of the 4 million Kenyans of working age who were not in employment, education, or training in 2019. Where they are employed, women tend to occupy lower-quality jobs with reduced remuneration. The proportion of working women in vulnerable employment was 69 percent in 2021, compared to 52 percent for men.<sup>12</sup> In 2019, women accounted for only 42.8 percent of wage or > 5 Relatedly, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) statistics suggest that there are at least as many underemployed people as unemployed ones. > 6 World Development Indicators > 7 Bruhn, Miriam, et al. MSME finance gap: assessment of the shortfalls and opportunities in financing micro, small, and medium enterprises in emerging markets. No. 121264. The World Bank, 2017. > 8 KNBS (2016) > 9 World Bank 2023. Kenya Gender Landscape. Data from 2016. > 10 <mark>World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Estimates are based on data obtained from International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT at https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.</mark> > 11 There are large differences in enrolment numbers, even across government sources (Census versus Economic Survey, notably). For simplicity we use Census data from 2019 whenever possible as it covers more variables than other sources. > 12 <mark>World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Estimates are based on data obtained from International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT at https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.<", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.844691276550293, "start": 842, "end": 870, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:9394", "surface": "Kenya Country Financial Accountability Assessment", "ctx": "#### **Annex 7: Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangements** #### **KENYA: Northern Corridor Transport Improvement Project** #### **A. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS** #### **Country issues** The results o f the latest Kenya Country Financial Accountability Assessment (CFAA) dated April 2001 indicated that _\u201c...fiduciary risk in public spending is assessed as high. while a lack of compliance with establishe~ financial and procurement regulations have completely rendered many initiatives aimed at strengthening the control environment ineflective, issues of limited execution, inadequate monitoring, insu~cient capacity and lack of enforcement also need to be resolved._ \u201d The report further observed that there were high financial management risks due to a weak control and low capacity environment. Govemment accounts were regularly late and incomplete. Inter-agency reporting was slow and sometimes difficult to achieve, where hierarchical lines were blurred or foreign to the day-to-day structures and management o f the institution. Accountability chains were weak, and penalties extremely light or nonexistent. A new Government i s now in place with a commitment to ensuring compliance with legislation, strengthening regulatory institutions and fighting corruption. With the support o f a number o f donor-assisted initiatives, including the IDA-funded Public Sector Management Technical Assistance Project (PSMTAP), Government i s seeking to rapidly enhance the financial accountability framework in order to: - mitigate fiduciary risk in public expenditure management; - **_0_** achieve economy, efficiency and effectiveness in the use o f public funds; - **_0_** enhance transparency and accountability; and - **_0_** enhance staff capacity in public financial management A number o f project-specific risk mitigation arrangements have been proposed in order to address noted country concerns: - a)", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6252032518386841, "start": 230, "end": 279, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:19041", "surface": "Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project in the Horn of Africa Phase II (P178047) 88. **High rates of GBV nationally are likely to be worse in the project areas, as survivors from host and refugee communities often face challenges in accessing care.** The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) indicates that 26 percent of all women aged 15 to 49 reported having experienced physical or sexual violence in their lifetime, with 23 percent reporting physical violence and 10 percent experiencing sexual violence.<sup>60</sup> Experience of IPV is particularly pronounced. More than one-third of women (34 percent) have experienced some form of spousal violence \u2013 physical, sexual, or emotional. The survey found that acceptability of use of violence at home was high, with 63 percent of women and 28 percent of men believing that wife beating was justified for at least one specified reason. The DHS also showed that help-seeking behavior of GBV survivors was limited \u2013 only 23 percent of women who experienced GBV sought help, while 66 percent of women neither sought help nor told anyone about their experience. DRDIP offers additional resources to prevent and respond to GBV, which is among the major protection risks preventing women from actively engaging in development processes and pursuing livelihood opportunities. 89. **Table 4 below summarizes the key gender gaps to be addressed by the project, and how progress toward closing the gaps will be measured.** While specific components will incorporate actions on women\u2019s leadership and economic empowerment, prevention and response to GBV will be integrated throughout different project components. Indicators in the table below are captured either in the results framework or in the M&E manual. **Table 4: Summary of Gender Gaps, Actions and Indicators** |**Gender Gaps **|**Gender-targeted Actions**|**Indicators", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8868313431739807, "start": 292, "end": 330, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:29168", "surface": "Export price index", "ctx": "**PRICES** and **GOVERNMENT FINANCE** Domestic prices (% change) Consumer prices Implicit GDP deflator Government finance (% _of_ **_GDP,_** includes current grants) Current revenue Current budget balance Overall surolus/deficit **TRADE** 18.3 -8.2 -14.8 **2000** 486 262 35 1,611 116 213 755 64 97 66 2000 984 1,962 -978 -60 691 -346 348 8.1 **2000** 5,481 0 1,779 540 0 34 -277 -10 0 137 21 116 13 103 1999 3.9 1.5 17.8 -3.0 -12.1 1999 484 281 32 1,558 100 111 643 78 92 84 1999 915 1,878 -963 -52 494 -521 500 21 434 7.5 1999 5,544 0 1,739 585 0 31 -274 -7 160 148 19 129 12 117 1990 5.2 3.5 17.7 -3.9 -12.0 1990 366 196 64 881 73 109 340 77 91 85 1990 672 1,069 -397 -67 220 -244 196 48 55 2.1 1990 8,630 27 824 236 9 10 604 279 -57 12 0 79 74 11 63 8 55 **2000** 4.2 1.4 _Ethiopia_ 1 Inflation _(\u201ch)_ **1** 1 -GDP deflator -CPI **I** 1 Export and import **levels (US8** mill.) **c** /2.000 1,500 1,000 500 _(US$_ millions) Total exports (fob) Coffee Leather and leather products Manufactures Total imports (cif) Food Fuel and energy Capital goods 0 ## O0 I Export price index (", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1745172142982483, "start": 1062, "end": 1080, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:24800", "surface": "Community Needs Assessment", "ctx": "#### **Annex 4** #### **UGANDA. Northem Uganda Social Action Fund** #### **Economic and Financial Analysis** #### **_Links to CAS and ESW_** The principal CAS goal supported by the proposed project is the 'reduction of poverty and regional dispa-ity through targeted investments undertaken in a participatory manner to promote peace and directly increase the ability of the poor to raise incomes'. The CAS observes that the relatively poor districts in Northern and Eastern Uganda have not benefited sufficiently from economic growth and reforms. The CAS proposes a strategy of targeting the relatively poor districts in the North and the East, preferably with a mechanism such as a social fund. The historical imbalances in the development of the North have led to increased poverty and conflict. The Community Needs Assessment (CNA) carried out as part of preparation work findings noted that, among the majority of the communities interviewed, feelings of exclusion, weak local participation and leadership have both fuelled the conflict and slowed down development interventions aimed at reducing poverty and improving living standards. The proposed NUSAF will operate within community value systems and contribute to good governance and security particularly at the local government and community levels. Support will be provided to children/youth formerly abducted during the civil wars, those who have surrendered and retumed guns in exchange for a.changed livelihood, and those whose careers have been disrupted as a result of the prolonged conflict and breakdown of traditional systems. Support to the VGS component activities in income generation and services provision will also benefit women-headed households, orphans, widows/widowers, the very poor, and others affected by conflict. #### _Macro-economic Situation_ Save for recent adverse extemal shocks, Uganda continues to maintain good macro-economic stability through prudent management of both fiscal and monetary policies. Inflation rates have been maintained despite", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5882453322410583, "start": 802, "end": 828, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:8377", "surface": "annual performance assessments", "ctx": "## **Annex 4: Technical Assessment \u2013 Addendum** 1. **A technical assessment was undertaken in October 2017** for USMID AF operation in accordance with Bank Policy, Program for Results Financing. The following sections constitute a summary of the Technical Assessment, which focused on up-date of the USMID TA conducted in 2012. The assessment was based on a series of comprehensive studies, lessons learnt from implementation to date including the completed Mid-Term Review and a series of review missions. Moreover, as the Program will be up-scaling to eight additional municipalities, a detailed review of the capacity, preparedness and performance of the additional municipalities as well as comparison on key dimensions with the original 14 municipalities was undertaken. **Detailed Program Description** 2. **The design of USMID AF is an extension of the current program and will retain all its major** **components.** The current phase had a total Program Budget of US$ 160 million, of which IDA funding constitutes US$ 150 million and GoU funding is US$ 10 million **.** USMID currently supports 14 municipal LGs as well as the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD). The largest part of the funding goes to the LG level \u2013 the municipal development grant (now named DDEG under the IGFTR) US$ 136 million, and the CB grants (CBG) US$ 15 million with the balance going to support results at the MLHUD level to support CB activities as well as Program implementation. The last grant cycle has just been released, based on the results from the annual performance assessments (APA). 3. **USMID AF will provide support to part of the overall GoU Intergovernmental Fiscal** **Transfer Reform Program**, which is aiming at improving the overall grant system, including size, allocation, modalities and efficiency in the use of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5641893744468689, "start": 1565, "end": 1595, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:7136", "surface": "beneficiary database of the cash transfer programs", "ctx": ". While several interventions are being implemented in the area of social and economic inclusion, GoK involvement is limited. To further the goal of integrated SP systems, > 14 The process to register NICHE beneficiaries includes community meetings to introduce the program, review of the beneficiary database of the cash transfer programs group meetings to verify that beneficiaries meet the NICHE criteria, house-to-house validation, generation of the NICHE recipient list, and third-party verification. > 15 Kenya Disaster Risk Management Development Policy Financing with a CAT-DDO (P161562). > 16 Operationalizing NDEF is a Disbursement-Linked Indicator (DLI) under the NSNP PforR. Cabinet recently approved NDEF > regulations, which are now with the Attorney General\u2019s office and are expected to be submitted for Parliamentary approval soon. Page 4 of 82", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7916826009750366, "start": 289, "end": 339, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:32202", "surface": "asset registry", "ctx": "sub-components (roads, junctions, and drainages) to be financed under KIIDP 2 are estimated at UGX4.15 billion per year. It is assumed that KIIDP 2 first batch investments will be completed with the first two years of the project, that is, from 2014 to 2016. Future maintenance of the infrastructure will commence in 2016. The base year of financial cost for the O&M plan is 2014. Part of institutional strengthening of KCCA is to ensure that it has an up-todate asset registry and is aware of the O&M cost implications and when it is due to do major renewal of investment. The table below gives the estimated annual maintenance cost for KIIDP 2 infrastructure investments. <mark>Table: Estimated Annual Maintenance cost for KIIDP 2 Infrastructure</mark> |**Year**|**Future Maintenance**<br>**Requirement (in US$**<br>**million)**|**Annual Average**<br>**Requirement (in**<br>**US$ million)**|**Future Maintenance**<br>**Requirement (in UGX**<br>**million)**|**Annual Average**<br>**Requirement (in**<br>**UGX million)**| |---|---|---|---|---| |2016|1.660|3.650|4,150|9,124| |2017|1.660|3.650|4,150|9,124| |2018|1.660|3.650|4,150|9,124| |2019|1.660|3.650|4,150|9,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07272825390100479, "start": 463, "end": 477, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:30205", "surface": "electronic County Health Information System", "ctx": "interventions under KSEIP2. NDMA will also undertake project management and M&E under Component 4. 49. **Finally, the project will work with MoH and MoE.** MoH, in collaboration with the MLSP, will support the delivery of nutrition counseling to NICHE beneficiaries through community health management units. This includes the capacity building of CHPs as well as monitoring through the electronic County Health Information System (eCHIS) at the national and county levels. MoE, in collaboration with MLSP, will support the attendance monitoring of beneficiaries of the adolescent subcomponent. This includes awareness raising among schools in the relevant counties, development and implementation of data-sharing protocols between MoE and DCS on beneficiaries of the adolescent subcomponent, regular reporting on attendance and flagging of risk factors for take-up by DCS staff at the county and subcounty levels. Table 2 lists the lead and cooperating entities responsible for each subcomponent. **Table 2. Implementation Arrangements** |**Component**|**Lead Implementing Entity(ies)**|**Collaborating GoK Entities**| |---|---|---| |**1**|DCS|NDMA,MOH(for 1a),MOE(for 1b)| |**2a**|DSD|NDMA| |**2b**|NDMA|DSD| |**2c**|DSD|NSSF| |**3a**|NSPS|NDMA,DSA,NRB,CRVS| |**3b**|DSA|NSPS,NDMA| |**3c**|NDMA|NSPS,DSA,NT(for DRFS)| |**4**|NSPS and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.25025150179862976, "start": 387, "end": 430, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:37492", "surface": "real sector economic data", "ctx": "to inform policy-making\u2014the \u201coutcome\u201d. Capacity strengthening is implicitly measured by two of the four PDO-level indicators: if the KNBS succeeds in producing regular poverty monitoring statistics and better real sector economic data then capacity of KNBS must have been strengthened. In particular, achieving the latter will demonstrate the capacity of KNBS to implement integrated survey programs. # **Table** **<u>3: Overview of Program Development Objective (PDO) Indicators</u>** |**Program Development Outcome Indicator**|**Type **|**DLI**<sup>*****</sup>| |---|---|---| |**PDO: To support the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics to generate**<br>**inform policy-makers and contribute to strengthening its capacity.**|**better and more accessible**|**data to**| |Inform development strategies, policies and poverty reduction programs<br>of the Government of Kenya|Outcome|\u2610| |Produce regular poverty monitoring data and statistics|Output,<br>intermediate outcome|\u2610| |Produce better real and external sector economic data|Output,<br>intermediate outcome|\u2612| |Improve access to official household survey microdata|Output,<br>intermediate outcome|\u2612| Notes: (*) checked when the indicator is a DLI; see annexes 2 and 3 for detailed overviews of the Program results framework and DLIs. 29. **The objectives to improve \u201caccessibility\u201d and \u201cinform policy-making\u201d are explicitly measured at the PDO-level** through, respectively, the availability of key household survey microdata files on-line and key specific Government of Kenya programs and policies that will be informed by the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2677329182624817, "start": 209, "end": 234, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:29830", "surface": "PASS/ MIS", "ctx": "consolidated results for the whole country. This narrative will be supplemented by<br>the relevant annexed evidence. For e-payment woredas the evidence to be submitted will be payment reports submitted by<br>the e-payment service provide showing the dates that beneficiary accounts were credited. For woredas with manual<br>payments,FSCD will annex the relevant MIS/PASS reports/printouts.| |**Verification Entity**|Independent Verification Agency (IVA)| |**Procedure**|The IVA will review the evidence and the data sources and confirm the accuracy and validity of the analysis. In manual<br>payment woredas, the IVA will undertake quarterly spot-checks throughout each EFYs and corroborate that sampled<br>households on the woreda payroll confirm that they have received the indicated payments according to the data reported<br>in PASS/ MIS In e-payment woredas the IVA will corroborate that the sampled households on the woreda payroll are<br>account holders and that their accounts have been credited in time according to the service providers\u2019 systems reports.| |**DLI_TBL_VERIFICATION**<br>**PBC2**<br>**Description**|Payments made to core beneficiary households according to the program's performance standards for timeliness<br>The percentage of payments made to core beneficiaries within the agreed standard for timeliness (30 days after the end of<br>the month for both cash and food recipients) over all the payment cycles in the relevant EFY in all regions excluding Tigray.<br>Woredas where NGOs are partially or fully responsible for transfers will be excluded from this PBC. All woredas in Tigray<br>region will be excluded from this calculation. Woredas which have been implementingtheprogram for less than two", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6082183718681335, "start": 832, "end": 841, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:27758", "surface": "Contractors- Construction Survey", "ctx": "|Welfare MonitoringSurvey (WMS)|Every5years|2011| |Labor Force Survey (LFS)|Every5years|2013| |Urban Employment Unemployment Survey|Annual|2012| |Time Use Survey||2013| |Street Children Survey||| |Agriculture,Natural Resources & Environment Statistics||| |Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (AGSS)|Annual|2013| |Large and Medium Scale Commercial Farms Sample Survey|Annual|2013| |Ethiopia Rural Socioeconomic Panel Survey (ERSS)*|Every2years|2012| |Productive SafetyNets Program Panel Survey*|Every2years|2012| |Agricultural Growth Program Panel Survey*|Every2years|2012| |Feed the Future Program Panel survey*|Every2years|2013| |Sustainable Land Use Management Program Evaluation Survey*|Every2years|2011| |Teff Technology*||2012| |Pastoralist area socio-economic survey*|Every5years|| |Agricultural Census|Every10years|2002| |Price Statistics||| |Retail Price of Goods and Services|Monthly|April 2013| |Producer Price of Agricultural Products|Monthly|April 2013| |Business Statistics||| |Medium and Large Scale ManufacturingSurvey|Annual|2012| |Quarryingand miningsurvey|Every5years|| |Small and Micro enterprise survey|Every3years|2012| Contractors- Construction Survey |Distributive Trade|Every3years|2011/12| |ManufacturingProducer Price Index Survey|Quarterly|IstQ2013| |ManufacturingBusiness Expectation Survey|Quarterly|IstQ2013| |ICT Usage Household Survey|Every5years|| |Foreign Trade Statistics|Quarterly/ Annual|1<sup>st</sup> Q2013| |Transport", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7267407774925232, "start": 1139, "end": 1171, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:44501", "surface": "MajiData", "ctx": "# **ANNEX 7 - MAJIDATA POOR ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY**<sup>**12**</sup> MajiData is an on-line pro-poor database mapping the urban low income areas of Kenya prepared by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Water Services Trust Fund in cooperation with UN-Habitat, KfW), Google org. and Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The database can be found at _www.majidata.go.ke_ . To collect the required data, the MajiData team developed data collection tools and established data collection teams to conduct household and area surveys. In addition to the tools, the team also developed a set of typologies and definitions. Kenya\u2019s cities and towns are complex socio-economic and cultural entities characterized by marked patterns of economic differentiation. In some cities and towns, low-income areas can be easily identified, such as well delineated informal settlements. In other towns, however, the urban poor reside in small formal estates or in rented accommodation which are surrounded by commercial plots or by high income housing. In order to make an informed decision there is need to provide detailed description of the various types of urban low-income areas. The survey criteria are based upon: 1) A study carried out in Kitale, Webuye and Bungoma (KfW, November 2006), and 2) Discussion with a number of NGOs, active in the WSS Sector and with staff of the German Development Service (DED). The decision to include or exclude an area in the pro-poor database was made on the basis of a set of wealth and service level indicators such as legal status, quality of housing, housing materials used, area layout, condition of roads and drainage, the solid waste situation and the water supply situation. These criteria were used to", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.33591505885124207, "start": 70, "end": 78, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:42588", "surface": "GDP", "ctx": "7** focus districts into more districts of the country with a view to expanding the nation-wide environment management capacity; and (iv) The PEAP and its associated strategies, such as the Program of Action for the Modernization of Agriculture (PMA) involve the implementation of numerous projects and execution of numerous socioeconomic activities, all of which have major implications for environmental degradation, and hence the need for higher investment in environment management to counteract and control them. Indeed, over the last **_5_** years **(1995 -** 2000), GDP growth having averaged around **6%** for many years, has now stabilized at **_5%_** (Uganda: Statistical Abstract, 2000) and it is envisaged that it will continue to grow. In the agricultural sector, real agricultural production has grown at an average of **3.9%,** despite the adverse effect on the sector of El-Nino and drought in **1997** and 1999 respectively. In the mining and quarrying sector, a positive growth rate has been maintained, with a further **_5%_** growth in **1999/2000** over the previous financial year. The manufacturing sector grew **by** an average of **18.7%** over the period. In the electricity industry, real production has grown at an average of **8.1 %** per annum. The construction sector (dominated **by** Government road and dam construction, airport rehabilitation and private commercial and residential building construction), has also been growing over the period, with real growth during **1999/2000** being **9.0%.** In the wholesale, retail trade, hotels and restaurants (consumption-related sub-sectors), the volumes of trade inflows have been increasing", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.14902621507644653, "start": 573, "end": 576, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:7950", "surface": "survey o f micro and small enterprises", "ctx": "Support to PSD_ The results o f the I C A clearly show that productivity and competitiveness o f SMEs in Ethiopia are among the key constraints to their growth and development. While the reasons for the labor productivity shortfall are manifold, it seems that the single largest contributor i s the low level o f skills. Indeed, according to the Ethiopian Development and Research Institute (EDRI) survey o f micro and small enterprises (2004), nearly _90_ percent o f workers did not receive any pre or post vocational or technical training. In addition, business development services (BDS) market i s probably one o f the least developed in the world. As a result, a high 70 percent o f non-exporting firms noted the inability to produce to clients' standards and specifications, and the high cost o f meeting the clients' technical requirements among the primary reasons for not engaging in exporthmport activities (ICA). Another 20 percent reported the high costs o f establishing foreign distribution networks as among the main constraints to exporting. Clearly, lack o f BDS services, facilitating knowledge and technology transfer, severely limit the potential o f firms to enter and compete in the international and regional markets. Further, as in many African countries, the Ethiopian private sector also faces a significant credit constraint. According to ICA, about 28 percent o f private firms ranked lack o f credit as one o f their three biggest problems.\" It also appears that obtaining credit i s a greater challenge for SMEs than for large enterprises. Institutional support to PSD i s also weak. Public and private sector institutions, such as sectoral and professional associations, chambers o f commerce, investment, export promotion, quality and standards agencies, etc., have limited capacity to effectively play their supportive role. Most of the industry-specific > 9 See Annex 4 for more details. > 10 Inadequate access to credit, high collateral requirements (an average of 136 percent o f loan", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9228371381759644, "start": 398, "end": 436, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:15381", "surface": "Ethiopian Agricultural Census", "ctx": "national accounts, the CSA has begun preliminary activities in the construction sector. This effort needs further strengthening to cover more sectors and develop reliable and timely data that will feed into the national accounts. 31. **The Ethiopian Agricultural Census is the basis for the annual agricultural surveys and other agriculture related surveys and studies in the country.** The last census was carried out over 12 years ago for 2001/2002. The information is now becoming obsolete, and the Government has acknowledged that the next census should be carried out soon. The NSDS has planned preparatory activities for its implementation in 2013/2014, with Government and donor support. The CSA needs to mobilize resources to carry out preparatory activities, including design of instruments, studies on the required information and methods of data capture, as well as workshops and consultations before the fieldwork. Agricultural Census fieldwork is planned for 2013/14, while the preparatory activities will start from 2013. 32. **The Annual Agricultural Sample Survey, AGSS, is one of the flagship surveys of the CSA and the main source of agriculture statistics in Ethiopia.** Area and production forecast and estimate reports coming out of this survey are submitted to the Office of the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, and the Ministry of Agriculture. One of the weaknesses of this survey, however, is its limited coverage in pastoral areas. Unfortunately, settlement patterns and security problems have contributed to this predicament. The mobile nature of some groups of the pastoral population does not allow use of the data collection methods employed in other sedentary regions. In addition, accessibility problems in some parts of the pastoral regions discourage the testing and the implementing of different approaches. However, in accessible areas, the CSA needs to start developing data using different techniques and build on the current collaboration with the World Bank, as well as implement earlier efforts with assistance from FAO. 33. **The AGSS is a large-scale survey that is conducted nationally", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3396911025047302, "start": 240, "end": 269, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22461", "surface": "mineral rights cadastre", "ctx": "br>eform|S|The Government has confirmedthepriority o f<br>theminerals sectorinitsstrategy for rapid<br>growth. The ongoing process o f detailed<br>consultations and workshops at the Parliament,<br>on mineral rector reform, to improve the legal<br>and regulatory mineral framework confirms a<br>commitment to reforms. The implementation<br>and performance o f the mineral rights cadastre - 32 -", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1548597663640976, "start": 363, "end": 386, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34217", "surface": "Bank Assessments", "ctx": "and gaps such as weak organizational arrangements; poor infrastructure; high staff turnover; weak planning, administration and logistics; sub-optimal methodologies and tools; and meager training and dissemination efforts, among other factors. ### **The following paragraphs provide a brief sketch of the main issues and strengthening needs.** **(a) Organizational and Coordination Gaps in the NSS** . 14. **The CSA\u2019s organizational structure has evolved after its establishment in 2005** , but directorates responsible for internal management (including branch office supervision and training) and NSS coordination have mostly remained understaffed, causing coordination and resource management problems. Weak internal administrative practices and controls, absence of modern IT systems, and low branch office capacities have all undermined CSA coordination efforts with the NSS, as well as added risk to its day-to-day operations. CSA\u2019s operation is also weaker when compared to other MDAs. For example, it takes three times longer to hire staff in CSA than in MOFED (150 days instead of 50 days [see Figure 7]). > 22 Based on NSDS mid-term review, CSA Business Process Re-engineering Report 2010 and Bank Assessments during project preparation. 54", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8010163903236389, "start": 1202, "end": 1218, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:39419", "surface": "EXTERNAL DEBT and RESOURCE FLO", "ctx": "499|-100|| |Financing items (net)|420|-111|903|1225|| |Changes in net reserves|-48|-79|-405|-2 t?|| |**_M e m o :_**<br>|||||| |Reserves including gold_(US$_millions)|**2%**|589|1350|1555|| |Conversion rate_(DEC, lo_cai/US$)|2 1|6.3|8 6|8 7|| EXTERNAL DEBT and RESOURCE FLO |_(US$_mi/lions)|**1985**|**1995**|**2004**|**2005**|Compositiono f**2004**debt**(US$**mill.]| |<br>Total debt outstanding and disbursed|5206|13308|6574||| |<br>IB RD|,<br>49|,<br>0|,<br>0|0|I<br> <br>| |IDA|437|1,470|3,488|3,359|<br>**F'253**<br>G'39| |Totaldebt service|'69|**154**|97||| |iBRD<br>|7<br>|4<br>|0<br>|0<br>|| |IDA|6|**23**|**36**|72|| |Compositionofnet resource flows|||||| |Official grants|**5'6*", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08816076815128326, "start": 243, "end": 273, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:38690", "surface": "quantitative and qualitative data", "ctx": "The EA proposed a Community Based Development and Management System for Providing Environmental Care (PEC). Details are in Annex 2. **Mitigation** The EA emphasized that the most effective approach to adverse environmental impacts i s to avoid them in the first place, thus saving the rehabilitation costs needed after adverse effects occur. In order to try to head off adverse effects, and to deal with those that may occur, the EA proposed a series o f prevention and mitigation measures, whose details are given in Annex 2. 5.3 For Category A and B projects, timeline and status o f EA: Date o f receipt o f final draft: 12/14/2001 5.4 How have stakeholders been consulted at the stage o f (a) environmental screening and (b) draft EA report on the environmental impacts and proposed environment management plan? Describe mechanisms - f consultation that were used and which groups were consulted? The Environmental Analysis included review o f available documents, collection and collation o f primary and secondary quantitative and qualitative data Rapid field assessments were carried out and focus group discussions held with the target communities. In each sample Woreda, two farmers associations (FAsPAs) were chosen to conduct the focus group discussions. In each Farmers AssociatiodPeasant Association two focus group discussions were held. **_Selection of_** **_Sample Woredas_** Two sample Woredas from each o f the four Regions were selected based on the criteria that would be used in the project. Based on these criteria, Bati and Tenta Woredas from Amhara Region; Chiro and Goro Gutu from Oromiya Region; Bolsso, Sore and Damot Gale from SNNP Region, and Wokro and Tanqua Abergelle Woredas from Tigray Region were selected. From each Woreda two representative Farmer AssociationsPeasant Associations were selected for focus group discussions with", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.577813982963562, "start": 1020, "end": 1053, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18410", "surface": "IFPRI/CSA panel survey", "ctx": "as the impact evaluation is in the process of being finalised and these indicators will be subject to change. . 12 This indicator measures the average number of months that households report being food insecure from all income sources . This measure is from the IFPRI/CSA panel survey which asks households to report the number of months, out of the preceding 12 months, that they had \u201cno problems satisfying the food needs of the household.\u201d The target represents a reduction by 4 standard deviations. #### 13 Every two years. 14 This is measured as kcal/person in 7 days before survey. The detailed methodology for this measure is found in the IFPRI/CSA 2009 Impact Assessment Report. The baseline is the unconditional means for kcal per person in the 7 days before the survey households reported in 2008. 15 Assets are the value of livestock and productive equipment used in agriculture in Birr. The methodology for this calculation follows that used in the IFPRI/CSA analysis of the 2008 panel survey. This indicator reports on agricultural assets only as information on non-agricultural assets was not collected. 16 The baseline from this figure is reported in the 2008 Panel Survey of 8 woredas. This indicator will be captured in the FSP household survey. 37", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9396006464958191, "start": 262, "end": 284, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:6163", "surface": "financial and commercial data", "ctx": "* The financial viability of NWSC and NWSB were analyzed over a 10-year horizon, focused on their ability to maintain positive cashflows and remain operationally viable. The implications of the analysis in terms o f (i) the required terms and conditions o f financing the project, (ii) the treatment of outstanding WSS related long-term loans, and (iii) the financial structuring (e.g. lease fees, regulatory feedlevy) of the operational agreements between the new service delivery institutions; were taken into account in the financial structuring of the project. Current available financial and commercial data fiom the operations o f WSD are very limited. Their reliability i s also questionable given that these data have not been assessed by any independent audits. The last audited financial statements of WSD were from its financial year 1996/97. The data used for the financial analysis were sourced primarily from: - **_0_** The Nairobi City Council Water and Sewerage Department Abstract of Accounts for the Year Ended June 30,2002; - **_0_** The Nairobi City Council Water and Sewerage Department Estimates for the Year Ending June 30,2004 and Projections for 2004/2005 Financial Year; - **_0_ A** Study o f Options for Private Sector Participation in the Water and Sanitation Services of Nairobi (June 2002); - **_0_** The GOK\u2019s Proposed Budget for the Operationalization of the Nairobi Water Services Board. Where inconsistencies occur between the various sources of data, the most conservative estimates have been used. The forecasted revenue collections were also compared against known actual revenue collections as a check against over-estimation o f revenue. 52", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.27718958258628845, "start": 583, "end": 612, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34926", "surface": "gender documents", "ctx": "in the MLG; citizens\u2019 engagements, and the monitoring and evaluation of gender activities; grievances mechanism; availability of gender documents and gender gaps and how it could be addressed. > 53 funded by Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development, Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF 3), SWEGU and the Local Governments. 25", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2187429815530777, "start": 129, "end": 145, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:7713", "surface": "macroeconomic data", "ctx": "growth rate (2.2%) and i s projected to decrea~e.~ The new national census, conducted in M a y 2007 (the results o f which will be available in M a y 2008), i s expected to result in higher urban population figures and growth rates. 5. Even though Ethiopia i s currently one o f the least urbanized countries in the world, the urban economy i s emerging as a major driver o f growth. The contribution o f urban development as a share _of_ national GDP (approximated as the share o f industry and services in GDP, since these are generally located in urban areas) has been increasing over the last decade--by 2005/06, urban areas contributed more than rural areas to total GDP (53%). More importantly, macroeconomic data show that 60% o f the growth in GDP in recent years can be attributed to the urban economy5. During this period, urban growth was found to be three times more stable than the relatively volatile rural economy. While such contributions may still seem low compared to other sub-Saharan African countries6, they nevertheless represent a significant increase over the previous decade. The development o f a system that balances rural and urban development offers the opportunity to increase market integration by facilitating exchange and division o f labor, as well as allowing diversification in the non-agricultural sector. Further, cities offer the opportunity to deliver services more cheaply and can act as centers o f growth, thereby playing an important role in poverty reduction. #### **Government Programs** 6. The government approved a national Urban Development Policy in March 2005 (EC Megabit 1997). This policy was incorporated in the government\u2019s current poverty reduction strategy (PASDEP 2005/06 - 2009/10), and it is expected that the main objective o f the Urban Development Policy will be achieved during the PASDEP period, namely", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.899807333946228, "start": 701, "end": 719, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:12082", "surface": "Human Development Index", "ctx": "6 percent in August **2011,** headline inflation decreased to **6.1** percent in April **2013** (the lowest in **30** months) and **8.5** percent in October **2013.** Maintaining single digit inflation depends on the stance of monetary policy. 4. Ethiopia is one of the world's poorest countries, but has made substantial progress on social and human development over the past decade. The country's per capita income in 2011 of **US$370** is substantially lower than the regional average of **US$1,257** and among the ten lowest worldwide. Ethiopia is ranked **173** out of **187** countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) of the United Nations Development Program **(UNDP).** However, high economic growth has helped reduce poverty, in both urban and rural areas. Since **2005,** **2.5** million people have been lifted out of poverty, and the share of the population below the poverty line has fallen from **38.7** percent in 2004/05 to **29.6** percent in 2010/11 (using a poverty line of US$0.6/day). However, 1", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9201245307922363, "start": 599, "end": 622, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18235", "surface": "Human Capital Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank** KENYA COVID-19 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROJECT (P173820) 5. **Kenya is entering this crisis with important sources of economic resilience, but also significant fiscal constraints.** Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth has been robust, averaging 5.7 percent over the last five years, and the macroeconomic environment has been stable (with low inflation and a narrowing current account deficit). The financial sector is sound, with banks being adequately capitalized and very liquid at the system level. Interest rate caps have been repealed, easing access to credit and creating space to loosen monetary policy. Nonetheless, the high government debt burden and wide budget deficit leave little fiscal space to deal with emergencies such as this pandemic. In addition, private sector investment has been a weak spot in the economy, and now faces additional headwinds. 6. **Poverty rates in Kenya remain high and are likely to influence health seeking behavior and social distancing related to COVID-19.** The share of the population living below the national poverty line fell from 46.8 percent in financial year (FY) 2005/06 to 36.1 percent in FY 2015/16. Despite the poverty decline, many Kenyans are at a risk of falling into poverty in the short term. Over a third of Kenyans are classified as vulnerable; a majority of these households rely on agriculture and have low levels of education attainment. Additionally, the poorest population are less likely to seek treatment when they experience health challenges and are unlikely to maintain social distance due to their living and work environment. 7. **Demographic characteristics, low levels of human capital, and limited access to basic services constrain poor households.** Kenya has a Human Capital Index of 0.52<sup>4</sup> and is ranked 94<sup>th</sup> globally. The heads of poor households are", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7606314420700073, "start": 1762, "end": 1781, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:24356", "surface": "investment licenses", "ctx": "selective but also take into account the need for a multifaceted approach to PSD. Therefore, actions are required on several fronts: - _(i)_ The investment climate - further improve and simplify tax regime; improve access to land, utilities (electricity, water) and credit; and the quality o f public services (at federal and/or municipal level), all of which contribute to the costs of doing business. - _(ii)_ Increase the pace o f implementation o f the PSD reform agenda, which would contribute to lowering investor perception o f risk. ' One sign o f improvement i s the sharp rise in investment licenses during 2003 2", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.21484056115150452, "start": 590, "end": 609, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:5739", "surface": "KenGen Financial Statements", "ctx": "*FY17**| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |**Current Ratio**|1.1|1.42|1.10|0.95|1.20|1.48| |**DSCR**|1.3|1.24|0.99|1.16|2.59|2.57| |**Self-Financing Ratio(%)**|\ufffd25|27|17|41|61|70| _Source:_ KenGen Financial Statements 34. Although the rights issue created room for additional borrowing, it would be hard for KenGen to continue to raise external financing without further strengthening its balance sheet. So far, the heavy reliance on donor financing has limited the incentives for the company to move toward a more financially sustainable future. On the other hand, commercial lenders typically instill more financial discipline in companies, as they have to adhere to strict enforcement of financial covenants and increased reporting obligations to show lenders that the company is moving in a commercial direction. ## **Analysis of KenGen Financial Projections** 35. KenGen\u2019s financial model and cash flow projections for the project for the period from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2022, were elaborated by the company\u2019s financial adviser. Two scenarios were Page 58 of 69", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8101118206977844, "start": 187, "end": 214, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:33651", "surface": "road infrastructure information", "ctx": "PPSD. A Procurement Plan (PP) for the first 18 months of project implementation has been developed based on the PPSD. Summary of PPSD UNRA\u2019s previous experience in implementing road civil works will greatly benefit the project. Staff will be recruited to augment existing capacity in the different directorates including Procurement, roads and bridges development directorate as well as for Safeguards to ensure adequate in-house capacity to supervise the contractors and consultants. However, major procurement delays within the UNRA procurement process coupled with weaknesses of UNRA in enforcing contracts with the Contractors to ensure adequate compliance to the Environment and Social safeguards framework of the project present major risks to the implementation of the project. UNRA staff have limited proficiency in IDA procurement management which may result in delays. Engagement with the private sector established the following concerns: (i) at bidding, the road infrastructure information is not readily available; (ii) various projects usually go through lengthy procurement process, (iii) inability to claim the VAT from authorities during the execution of the contract, (iv) paying in UGX as historical trends show that UGX depreciates significantly while they make their imports in US$ raising the cost of bidding; (v) absence of a mature local construction industry is going to affect their bid to associate with the local industry; (vi) development partners have a tendency to carry out extensive appraisals leading to implementation delays; (vi) the road is located in a region with significant security risk; and (vii) in regard to the proposed 8-year integrated construction and maintenance contract, the private sector was not comfortable with a single contract combining both the road construction and maintenance. Thus, in formulating the procurement approach, UNRA aims to accommodate these concerns. Generally, the respondents were not in support of undertaking construction and post construction maintenance Page 64 of 80", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07176350057125092, "start": 970, "end": 1001, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34335", "surface": "ET-Investment Climate Surveys", "ctx": "### **Annex 2: Major Related Projects Financed by the Bank and/or other Agencies** **ETHIOPIA: Financial Sector Capacity Building Project** ##### **Related Lending projects in Ethiopia:** ET-Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project (FY04) ET-Public Sector Capacity Building Program Support Project (FY04) ET-Rural Finance Intermediation (FY02) ET-AG Research and Training (1 998) ##### **Related Non-lending projects in Ethiopia:** ET-Banking Study (AFR-Funded) (FY04) ET-Investment Climate Surveys (FY04) ET-Capacity Building (FY99) ET-Financial Sector (FY98) ##### **Related Lending/TA projects in other countries:** Ghana-Micro, Small & SME project (FY06) Ghana-IFAD Rural Finance Project India-SME Financing and Development Project (FY04) Kenya-Financial and Legal Sector TA (FY04) Kenya-Micro. Small and Medium enterprise project (FY04) Mexico-Finance & Growth D P L (FY06) Nicaragua-Broad-based Access to Financial Services (FY04) Niger-Financial Sector TA (FY04) Tanzania-Private Sector Competitiveness Project (FY05) Uganda-Private Sector Competitiveness I1 (FY04) 29", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.13048309087753296, "start": 481, "end": 510, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:41346", "surface": "GPS data", "ctx": "GIS to provide legal, valid information. Given the experience and mandate o f the Department o f Surveys and Mapping (DSM) on implementation o f Land Information Systems (LIS), MEMD will need assistance from D S M to ensure adequate linkage and coordination between both systems, including the execution o f verifications and determinations to enable using o f GPS technology, transformation to topographical coordinates from GPS data management o f UTM zones over Uganda, and to facilitate the application o f mineral related information for land usage purposes. Environmental and Social Management. Coordination o f NEMA, MGLSD, District Authorities and MEMD efforts will be crucial to the establishment o f adequate environmental and social management systems for mining. Policy and regulatory frameworks will need to reflect international best practices and incorporate environmental and social impact assessments with consistent, comprehensive procedures for execution, compliance and enforcement. Emphasis will be placed on delineating clear mandates and organizational structures for the environmental and social units to be established under DGSM. Another priority will be developing institutions\u2019 and agencies\u2019 ability to monitor, diagnose and address environmental difficulties and social issues in an efficient and timely manner, and in particular to implement remedial and rehabilitation measures. Considerable capacity building will support these units, which will serve as 1-stop-shops for environmental and social management in the minerals sector, and whose operations will link closely with mining operators and NEMA on environmental matters and with MGLSD on social aspects. The regulatory framework for environmental management o f mining will define: i) mandates and roles for MEMD, NEMA, MGLSD and District Environmental offices; ii) MEMD\u2019s role in all stages o f EIA and SIA preparation and review through DGSM\u2019s environmental and social units; iii) environmental obligations for mineral activities exempted from formal EIA process (mineral prospection, small quarries, and small-scale mining); iv) systematic participatory approaches for environmental and social licensing; v) joint roles", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3280053436756134, "start": 426, "end": 434, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:10112", "surface": "Census and Economic Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Kenya Jobs and Economic Transformation (KJET) Project (P179381) **27. Overall, the project is expected to reach 40,000-50,000 beneficiary Kenyan workers through businesses.** Project activities will engage firms receiving BDS, co-investment from MSEA, equity investments from the GIF, and/or Climate Disaster Credit Facility. BDS will improve firms\u2019 business and financial management capacity, establish market linkages, increase productive capacity, and promote the adoption of climate smart practices. Co-investment and equity investments are expected to help firms expand and improve their productive capacity. Finally, accessing Climate Disaster Credit Facility will increase firms\u2019 resilience to climate-related shocks. Such firm-level improvements are expected to translate to increased revenues and profits at the firm level. In turn, this will translate to new and/or improved jobs for 40,000-50,000 beneficiary workers, who are defined as workers in new and/or improved jobs that are employed by firms receiving BDS, co-investment, GIF equity investment, and/or Climate Disaster Credit Facility products. For further information, refer to the economic and financial analysis. All beneficiary figures are indicative and preliminary and will be tracked in the project results framework. Given the wide variation in the estimated number of informal and formal MSMEs in the country, even across government sources Census and Economic Survey it is not possible to estimate the share of MSMEs that will benefit directly and indirectly from the project. With backward linkages to other MSMEs, the project is expected to have a great indirect impact and strong demonstration effect, crowding in private capital from investors and commercial banks to reach additional MSMEs. ## **D. Results Chain** **28. The theory of change** of the proposed project stipulates that: (i) the implementation of broad-based targeted reforms and support programs will reduce", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7986992597579956, "start": 1438, "end": 1464, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:38888", "surface": "World Urbanization Prospects", "ctx": "* 4. **Kenya is rapidly urbanizing, with the urban population growing at about 4.3 percent a year. In 2019, about 27 percent of Kenyans lived in urban areas**<sup>**3**</sup> . Kenya\u2019s five largest urban areas (Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru, and Eldoret) account for approximately 34 percent of the urban population. By 2050, about half of the population will be living in cities. Urbanization if well managed presents a key opportunity to change the structure and location of economic activity from a basis in rural agriculture to more diversified and larger urban industrial and service sectors. But growth will be weaker if unprepared migrants are forced to leave rural areas for the cities because of rapidly growing rural population density and scarcity of agricultural land. > 1 GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$), World Development Indicators, The World Bank. > 2 Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. > 3 World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects 2018 Revision. Page 11 of 69", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.810728132724762, "start": 1000, "end": 1028, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:19826", "surface": "baseline data", "ctx": "HIV/AIDS Partnership Forum, an important mechanism for coordinating donor support. Under EMSAP 11, HAPCO will undertake a review o f the effectiveness o f various forums and move towards one national Partnership Forum that represents partners and thematic groups in the country. The creation o f an annual joint review and budgeting mechanism will enhance Government\u2019s ability to plan and allocate resources according to the country\u2019s needs. Currently, all partners have shared with everyone their current and intended support to Government and are jointly working towards preparing a process to identify financial and programmatic gaps. A matrix showing the various activities o f the involved donors i s shown in Annex 12. e) **_Role of a national M&E system for HIV/AIDS:_** Although EMSAP I did contribute to the creation o f an M&E system; there was little integration o f the health M&E program with the M&E system in HAPCO. Moreover, failure to establish key baseline data and to design and install a harmonized monitoring and evaluation system was a missed opportunity for creating a targeted, results-based approach. A functional and integrated M&E system i s essential for monitoring the contribution o f all donors and prioritizing and targeting HIV/AIDS related interventions. **f)** **_Use of data for decision-making:_** Ethiopia has numerous surveillance and research products that are yet to be analyzed in a rigorous, integrated manner. Ethiopia\u2019s surveillance and epidemiology professionals have been so engaged in developing and managing new surveillance, monitoring and evaluation systems that they have had little time to undertake an overall synthesis of Ethiopia\u2019s HIV epidemic, which draws together, triangulates and reconciles disparate data sources into a coherent overall analysis. There i s thus an urgent need for an analysis which seeks to provide a rigorous assessment o f the HIV epidemic, its major transmission dynamics and its potential evolution in Ethiopia;", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.13779759407043457, "start": 966, "end": 979, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:38903", "surface": "available records", "ctx": "- Baseline Information: Utilities from all the five cities have provided this information based on available records However, the information needs to be updated regularly and reconfirmed when the utilities are equipped with the required equipment and establish the monitoring system. In addition, household surveys will be conducted at the beginning and end o f the project in the five participating cities to estimate the number o f people who have obtained improved water supply and sanitation services as a result o f the project. - Performance monitoring: The city utility operator will collect performance information on a regular basis. The city water board should submit semi-annual reports to MoWR and the World Bank with all information updated. #### **4. Sustainability** 64. The Government has committed considerable resources in recent years to establishment o f an enabling environment for sectoral development. The Water Resources Policy, developed with broad stakeholder participation, i s rather bold in its pronouncements, for example, on decentralization, cost recovery, involvement o f all stakeholders including the private sector, and coordinated planning for water supply and sanitation. The Water Sector Strategy and Water Sector Development Program have been developed based on the Policy. **65.** Regional governments have taken an active role in the development o f the Policy, Strategy, and Sector Development Program. In addition, they have implemented legislative reforms to improve the institutional arrangements - by establishing autonomous Water Boards, staffing water supply service units and reforming tariffs. 66. Recognizing that sustainability i s a process, the key elements for sustainability o f project benefits are: (i) demand responsive, approach to selecting cities; (ii) performance based, stepped approach to receiving assistance so that funding i s provided first to put in place appropriate institutional arrangements, plan affordable systems with stakeholder consultation and build capacity for implementation and finally for investments; (iii) effective systems for monitoring and evaluation; (iv) adequately trained staff at all levels; (v) autonomy o", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2830831706523895, "start": 99, "end": 116, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:39799", "surface": "accounting records and ledgers", "ctx": "2.4 **The Flow of Funds Mechanism** Donor funding for the NAADS program will be channeled through a pooled account, the NAADS Budget Support Account. This will be a foreign currency account held in a commercial bank and will be operated by the Director of Accounts in the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MOFPED). The GoU Treasury is responsible for maintaining the accounting records and ledgers and for preparing the reports showing the transactions on the account. Donors' funds will flow from this account into the GoU Consolidated Fund from where, in addition to GoU contribution, they will be transferred to the NAADS Secretariat, districts and sub-counties. Donors will release their contributions to the NAADS Budget Support Account at the beginning of every quarter on the basis of cash flow forecasts and subject to the submission of acceptable Program Management Reports (PMRs), including financial statements, Output Monitoring Reports, and Procurement and Contract Management Reports. The Program will prepare and submit rolling six month cashflow forecasts every quarter. The amount advanced to the NAADS Budget Support Account will be equal to the Program's six-month forecast of eligible expenditures minus the balance remaining in the NAADS Budget Support Account at the end of the quarter under review. The initial release will therefore cover six months of program expenditures. The flow of funds to the districts and sub-counties will followGoU mechanisms for intergovernment transfers as closely as possible. NAADS Program funding will be channeled from the GoU Consolidated Fund (including transfers from the Budget Support Account and the GoU contributions) to districts as conditional grants. Districts and sub-counties will be required to open and operate a designated NAADS account. Funds will be transferred to the district 'Government Grants Collection Account' from where they will be transferred to the district NAADS account in respect of district implemented activities and to the subcounty NAADS account in", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19325076043605804, "start": 389, "end": 419, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13961", "surface": "domestic price index", "ctx": "_GPOBA Commitment Paper: OBA in Kampala - Water Connections for the Poor February 16, 2008_ ### <u>B.2.5. Regulation</u> There is no formal sector regulator. The Ministry of Water determines the tariffs for NWSC, which are subject to automatic annual indexation using indices given by Bank of Uganda. Earlier, tariffs were simply never changed, until NWSC complained seriously. The main items considered in indexation are: the domestic price index exchange rates; foreign price index; and, electricity tariffs. The Board of Directors is the governing authority and the MoF the contracting authority. The Board of Directors has representation from MoFPED, MoWE, etc, so they all play a part in the changing of tariffs. ## **B.3. FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS** ### <u>B.3.1. Financial Analysis</u> The scope of the project is: - 19,070 Yard taps (70% of coverage) - 410 Public water point with normal meter and simple structure (15% of coverage) - 410 Public water point costs with prepaid meter and full structure (15% of coverage) This yields a total investment cost of UGX 6.6 bn or USD 4.0. The project is proposed to be financed by: - 60% GPOBA grant - 30% NWSC co-funding - 10% User contribution through the connection fee for yard taps Financial viability calculations for the OBA project are given below both without grant and with the proposed 60% grant rate. The table below shows the FIRR of the OBA project without a grant. The FIRR for connecting the poor areas targeted _without_ a subsidy in the GPOBA project is -5% rendering the project non commercial for NWSC. The expansion of service in the poor areas is non-viable due to the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.25041717290878296, "start": 427, "end": 447, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:35818", "surface": "unaudited interim financial reports", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Northern Uganda Social Action Fund IV Project (P179904) technical partners once the list has received approval from the IA.<sup>34</sup> Several risks with this funds flow mechanism identified in NUSAF 3 included delayed disbursements by the districts, fraud and cash leakages, delay in accountability of funds, and inaccessible pay points. The proposed mitigation measures detailed in the POM will be monitored closely to ensure ownership and accountability for project funds at the district level, timely disbursement of payments to beneficiaries, and prevention of fraud and leakages. Alternative funds flow arrangements will be assessed and approved by the World Bank should the mitigation measures be insufficient. In accordance with the approved AWPBs, OPM will disburse funds to MoH and MGLSD dedicated operational bank accounts in BoU for local currency transactions to manage funds for the implementation of activities under Subcomponents 2A (nutrition-sensitive safety net) and 3A (SR) respectively. **Figure 3. NUSAF IV Funds Flow Overview** 59. **The disbursements to districts will be made in a phased manner.** This will be based on receipt of request for funds from the districts to OPM through the project MIS, dependent on the workflow and approval execution that authenticates and consolidates all approved subprojects from communities. In selected strategic services and investments, where contractors are engaged to implement activities, direct transfers may be made to the private sector or NGO service providers. The disbursement of the IDA credit will be done quarterly based on unaudited interim financial reports (IFRs) for the IAs. These IFRs will be prepared separately by each IA and will include project financial reports, a progress report, and a procurement management report. IDA will ensure that internal controls, as documented in the FM Manual, have been applied by all levels of project implementation in their disbursement of funds to IAs. The I", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.0949317216873169, "start": 1621, "end": 1656, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:20125", "surface": "Export price index", "ctx": "deflator<br>**-CPI**| |**TRADE**<br>**_(US$_**mi//ions)|**1902**|**1992**|**2001**|**2002**|**Export and importlevels(US$ mill.)**| |<br>Totalexports (fob)|694|IOU|1732|1742|**/4,000**_7_| |Fuel|223|69|**1%**|131|| |Coffee|227|2 6|88|97|| |Manufactures|137|y14|274|313|| |Total imports (cif)|1 4 s|1666|3,B2|3.07|| |Food<br>|83<br>|156<br>4P|290<br>813|300<br>|| |Fuel and energy<br>Capital goods|523<br>250|<br>4 n|<br>756|809<br>803|| Export price index |Import price index (rS95=2)0)|**1P**|91|**1xI**|134|**Exports**<br>ImIfWorts| |<br>Termsoftrade (?395", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.09532562643289566, "start": 437, "end": 455, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:32308", "surface": "MIS", "ctx": "### **The World Bank** Kenya Social and Economic Inclusion Project (P164654) <!-- Start of picture text --> Data collection includes<br>a report from KSEIP<br>dashboard on number<br>of households enrolled<br>and paid in accordance<br>with respective<br>program guidelines and<br>operational manuals.<br>If this figure cannot be<br>generated from MIS it will be<br>calculated by<br>multiplying the total<br>number of households<br>enrolled in the three<br>programs managed by<br>SAU x 5 members per<br>household and x 7<br>members per<br>Beneficiaries of social safety net Annual. KSEIP SPS<br>household for<br>programs - Female Dashboard<br>households enrolled in<br>the HSNP. For example,<br>total number of<br>household members for<br>NICHE beneficiaries<br>that are enrolled in the<br>CCTP will be obtained<br>by multiplying each<br>household by 5, and<br>the total number of<br>household members for<br><!-- End of picture text --> Page 47 of 82", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.05130060762166977, "start": 346, "end": 349, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:2924", "surface": "UNHS 2016/17", "ctx": ".7M over a period of 18 months \u2013 and additional costs due to the increased number of students enrolled in primary and lower secondary education as a result of the implementation of project\u2019s activities. These additional students correspond to those who are currently enrolled in either primary or lower secondary education and would drop out in the absence of the Project. These students would not complete primary or secondary education. Due to the current uncertainty regarding treatments/vaccines, duration of the lockdown, economic impacts on households\u2019 income, and students\u2019 dropouts and learning outcomes, a few different scenarios were considered.</mark> <mark>13. It was assumed that those households in the bottom quintiles (the poorest 40 percent) would be the most affected by the pandemic. According to the UNHS 2016/17 these households account for 54 and 24 percent of the total children and youth currently enrolled in public primary and lower secondary education, respectively. Three different scenarios were considered as a result of COVID-19 in the absence of the Project, where either 10, 20 or 30 percent of students from primary and lower secondary from the poorest households would drop out as a results of the COVID-19 pandemic. These scenarios were compared to the case where Project activities resulted in no additional dropouts, without changes in the current completion and transition rates.</mark> Page 42 of 43", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9243091940879822, "start": 820, "end": 832, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:46052", "surface": "MIS", "ctx": "entered into the MIS This database will help support operations through feedback loops as it can track who is accessing which services in real time. The MIS will also be important in being able to establish a sample of study participants to draw on for an impact evaluation or other learning activities. 61. The project will also support MGLSD\u2019s capacity to lead and oversight social risk management. At the national level, this will support capacity building of unit staff, public fora, SRM experts, etc. At the district level, GROW will provide technical assistance on specific areas (Stakeholder engagement, grievance management, management of workers) to government officers based in the districts and relevant government entities (MGLSD, NEMA- Social unit, CDOs, Labour, Gender, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), and all other government departments that manage social risk in the country), and sub-county staff. Key focus will also be given to building capacity of MGLSD, PSFU and other relevant government institutions, including academia on social risk mitigation. 62. **Subcomponent 4B: Policy innovation and evidence generation.** This subcomponent will finance data collection efforts beyond the information gathered through the MIS and digital delivery platforms), analysis and publication of data from project and non-project datasets on female entrepreneurship, climate resilience and WEE, establishment of a data portal, and research workshops and policy forums on female entrepreneurship and WEE. In addition, the learning agenda could also include the design and implementation of innovative pilot activities within the project to test what works to address the key constraints faced by beneficiaries, including refugees and women living in RHDs. This work will be designed and conducted in collaboration with the World Bank\u2019s Africa Gender Innovation Lab as well as other local research institutes and development partners. A research workshop will be held to explore the possibility of including a rigorous impact evaluation of a program component or", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6589989066123962, "start": 17, "end": 20, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:36330", "surface": "Health Financing Strategy for Uganda", "ctx": "project\u2019s contribution to the US$1018 million that has been committed/pledged in the RMNCAH Sharpened Plan is estimated at 14 percent. **Because of the above, the project is a potentially financially sustainable investment.** This is in light of the historical growth in the government health budget, which grew by 93 percent (annual average of 15 percent) in nominal terms during the period 2011-16, and expectations of increased fiscal space in future due to: (a) projected increase in GDP with and without oil revenues (8.8 percent and 6.4 percent, respectively); (b) growth in tax revenue of about 0.5 percent of GDP due to increased VAT compliance, and a potential increase in tax revenue by US$38 per capita<sup>98</sup> if the tax to GDP ratio rises from 11.9 percent to 20 percent; and (c) efficiency improvements in the health sector. Under the optimistic scenario (20 percent annual growth in the government health budget), government per capita health expenditure is projected to double between 2015 and 2020 (from US$11 to US$24). If the prevailing 15 percent annual growth in the Government health budget is maintained, Government per capita health expenditure is anticipated to increase to US$20. Consequently, the annual project financing as a proportion of the total government (domestic) budget for health is expected to diminish overtime as government (domestic) financing increases. **Figure 5.2: Project Financing versus 2015/16 Government Health Budget** _Sources: World Bank Health Nutrition and Population Project Data, Health Financing Strategy for Uganda Uganda National Health Accounts, National Population and Housing Census 2014 Provisional Results_ **While the total project amount is a potentially financially sustainable investment, there is need for more commitment by government** if the project\u2019s benefits and those of the other development partners are", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9026879668235779, "start": 1543, "end": 1579, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13349", "surface": "attendance sheet data", "ctx": "74. **Expenditure tracking.** The interim audit Terms of Reference (TOR) of the program indicates that the external auditor should track payments to beneficiaries on a sample basis quarterly. The TOR clearly indicates that the auditor should, on a sample basis, verify that payments to beneficiaries as documented in payrolls were actually made to the beneficiaries who are engaged in various safety net activities. In addition, the FM team of the bank conducts indepth reviews on a yearly basis. This includes a detailed transaction review of selected projects. 75. **Payroll management (beneficiary payments).** The program has developed a computerized Payroll and Attendance Sheet system (PASS). As per the PIM of the project, using PASS is mandatory in all PSNP woredas in Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray Regions, including those supported by NGOs. Data on attendance is entered in the PASS by the woreda food security office. The attendance sheet data is then transferred to the woreda finance office in electronic form. Based on this data, the woreda finance office generates a payroll through the PASS and effects payments to beneficiaries **.** 76. **Client cards for beneficiaries.** The internal control over payments to beneficiaries is further strengthened by the use of client cards. These client cards were introduced in all Regions to provide evidence of entitlements under the Program and proof of payment. The client cards have a picture of both the husband and wife and enable the beneficiaries, local decision-makers and Federal level officials to better track receipt of payments over time. A charter of rights and responsibilities, which clearly describes the rights and responsibilities of the clients, is attached to the client card **.** 77. **Transparency and social accountability.** To ensure transparency and social accountability in the program, the annual woreda-by-woreda resource allocation plan for the PSN", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.21043944358825684, "start": 935, "end": 956, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:35349", "surface": "World Bank data", "ctx": "Refugees by enacting the Refugees Act of 2021, which grants refugees more rights and protections, and by supporting the Shirika Plan,<sup>9</sup> which seeks to create integrated settlements where refugees can live, access social services, and work alongside Kenyans. ## **B. Sectoral and Institutional Context*** > 1 Kenya Economic Update, June 2023 > 2 World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal > 3 World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal - Kenya.https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability > 4 United Nations Environment Program: \u201cClimate change could spark floods in world\u2019s largest desert lake: new study\u201d, 2021. > 5 World Bank data Prevalence of food insecurity in the population \u2013 Kenya **Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.** > 6 Kenya: IPC Acute Food Insecurity and Acute Malnutrition Analysis (July - December 2022) > 7 For a detailed map see: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/ken > 8 UNHCR Statistics package. Kenya registered refugees and asylum seekers (31 July 2023) > 9 The Shirika Plan is a Government of Kenya socioeconomic development plan outlining the transition from refugee encampment to integrated settlements. Page 9 of 43", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.855308473110199, "start": 656, "end": 671, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:14943", "surface": "Human Development Index", "ctx": "important role in recent years. On the supply side, growth was driven by an expansion of the services and agricultural sectors, while the role of the industrial sector was relatively modest. More recently, annual growth rates have declined slightly, but still remain at high single-digit levels. Growth in the export of goods has also moderated in recent years, and a decline was observed in 2012/13 for the first time since 2008/09. There have been bouts of high inflation in recent years and, while inflation is currently much lower, keeping it down remains a major objective for monetary policy. 3. **Ethiopia is one of the world's poorest countries, but has made substantial progress on social and human development over the past decade** . The country\u2019s per capita income of US$370 is substantially lower than the regional average of US$1,257, and is among the 10 lowest worldwide.<sup>2</sup> Ethiopia is ranked 173 out of 187 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) of the United Nations Development Programme. However, high economic growth has helped reduce poverty, in both urban and rural areas. Since 2005, 2.5 million people have been lifted out of poverty, and the share of the population below the poverty line has fallen from 38.7 percent in 2004/05 to 29.6 percent in 2010/11 (using a poverty line of close to US$1.25/day). However, because of high population growth, the absolute number of poor people (about 25 million) has remained unchanged over the past 15 years. Ethiopia is among the countries that have made the fastest progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and HDI ranking over the past decade. It is on track to achieve the MDGs related to gender > 1 Source: United Nations. According to the Ethiopian Central Statistics Office, the population figure is 82", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9554929733276367, "start": 950, "end": 973, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:23535", "surface": "riparian notifications made for APL III", "ctx": "improving. It is expected that for the majority of PSNP woredas (apart from pastoral areas where the ESMF procedures are still being rolled out), the safeguards rating will in future be Satisfactory. 84. The HABP ESMF procedure, which is being rolled out between December 2011 and April 2012, adopts a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) approach. It requires a Woreda Environmental Plan to be drawn up for each woreda, and the potential cumulative impacts from each type of household-level activity to be identified. Based on this data, a list of acceptable activities for the woreda is developed, together with a Woreda Environmental Management Plan and impact monitoring and follow-up procedures. 85. Since subprojects involving high dams (15m or more), and their equivalent as defined by safeguard policy OP 4.37 ( _Safety of Dams_ ) are ineligible and are screened out, OP 4.37 is not triggered. Subprojects involving smaller dams are eligible but are subject to WB Guidelines for Small Dams. OP 4.11 ( _Physical Cultural Resources_ ) is triggered. The procedure requires the identification and avoidance of cultural or religious sites, and agreement on any mitigating measures with the stakeholders. Chance finds such as archaeological artifacts require cessation of construction works and notification to the relevant authorities. Since subprojects involving any form of involuntary resettlement are ineligible, OP 4.12 ( _Involuntary Resettlement_ ) is not triggered.<sup>7</sup> OP 7.50 ( _International Waterways_ ) is triggered, and is addressed by the riparian notifications made for APL III which covers the period 2010-2014. Note that the implementation period for PSNP Public Works is until December 2014, after this period only closing activities will be undertaken. In the event that further extension of the Public Works activities will be agreed upon in a later stage, all necessary steps to extend the timeframe will", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6809983253479004, "start": 1569, "end": 1608, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:11374", "surface": "traffic count", "ctx": "## **Annex 6 Economic Analysis** ## **UGANDA: North Eastern Road-corridor Asset Management Project (NERAMP)** 1. The economic rationale of an asset management contract mainly lies on preserving the road asset value from further deteriorations through the application of an appropriate intervention in good time. The benefit of a performance based Asset Management contracts, with regards to the project financial impact, is to promote innovation, efficiency and effectiveness as contractors strive to achieve the set performance standards with an optimally agreed budget/contract price. 2. **Traffic Studies.** Detailed traffic projection and growth analysis was made for the base case normal, diverted and generated traffic for the different road sections. This was based on traffic count carried out for 7 days of 24 hours at nine stations. An Origin-Destination survey was also carried out for a period of 3 days of 24 hour simultaneously with axle load surveys at the existing stationary weigh bridge at km 46.2 just south of Mbale. Table 1 below summarizes the traffic count results. **Table** **<u>6.1 Traffic count results</u>** |Location|Car<br>and<br>taxi|Pickups<br>& St<br>Wagons|Mini<br>bus|Large<br>Bus|Small<br>Trucks|Medium<br>Truck|Heavy<br>Truck|Semi-<br>Trailer|Truck-<br>Trailer|Total<br>Vehicular<br>Traffic<br>excl.<br>motor<br>cycles|Motor<br>cycles|Total| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|-", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5550112724304199, "start": 1066, "end": 1079, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:39597", "surface": "Fixed Assets Register", "ctx": "_Uganda - Financial Markets Assistance Project_ _Page 40_ _Project Appraisal Document -Annex V. Financial Summary_ May 7, 1999 ##### **Appendix** 3: **Financial Management Manual (Indicative Sections for Inclusion)** (Please note that this listing does not purport to be exhaustive): - Institutional Arrangements - FIMAP Management Structure; Financial Management Committee: composition, terms of reference and reporting. - Chart of Accounts, including Account Codings. - Basis of accounting adopted i.e. cash versus accruals. - Accounting systems - computerized and Manual Accounting system. - Planning and Budgeting, including Cash Flow Management - Procurement Procedures for Goods, works and Services. - Withdrawals/disbursements - compliance with requirements of IDA - Banking Activities - operation of bank accounts; invoice approval and payment procedures (including appropriate supporting documentation and Letters of credit); cheque signatories; monthly bank reconciliations, etc. - Creditors Reconciliations and debtors Management (if appropriate). - Staff, Wages and salaries, including records maintained and payment procedures. - Fixed Assets Register Inventories management and Distribution (e.g. textbooks). - * Legal Covenants. - Financial Reporting to Stakeholders including: frequency of reporting, standard formats, accounting standards, accounting policies and variance analysis. - Auditing - internal and external auditors. - E Records Management/Filing systems - Etc., etc., etc.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.03165167197585106, "start": 1143, "end": 1164, "band": "drop", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13521", "surface": "FM records", "ctx": "because they provide the means of ensuring that the resources allocated to the various reforms are applied effectively and efficiently to achieve the intended purposes and attain value for money. The Public Financial Management (PFM) reforms cover the whole of the budgeting cycle functions: budget preparation, budget execution and oversight and scrutiny. The reforms have been pursued since the early 1990s and are continuing. The current reforms build on past achievements and are currently concentrating on: improving the credibility of the budget; ensuring that public financial management legislation is complied with; and ensuring that audit recommendations are implemented. GoU is carrying out the PFM reforms with the support of several donors. The more notable reforms include the ongoing review and revision of the Public Finance and Accountability Act and the upgrade of the Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS) financed through Financial Management and Accountability Program (FINMAP), a project supported by a number of development partners. Despite the reforms, the recent cases of corruption in the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and Ministry of Public Service suggest that corruption still remains a major challenge. ## **RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION** 3. The IDA projects under the MoH experienced FM challenges in terms of: (a) management of FM records including quality of IFRs; (b) delay in payment of contractors, 43", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19689017534255981, "start": 1376, "end": 1386, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:36477", "surface": "analysis conducted in Uganda in 1999", "ctx": "in poor countries with 50 percent taking place in sub-Saharan Africa alone. In addition, for every case of maternal death, 16 women suffer complications related to pregnancy and deliveries. Three-quarters of all maternal deaths are caused by hemorrhage, obstructed labor, hypertensive disorders, puerperal sepsis and complications of abortion. By scaling up good quality ante natal care and skilled attendance at birth, especially emergency obstetric care, the majority of the deaths can be averted. Many lowincome countries are however particularly challenged with achieving routine facility-based deliveries for the majority of the population for various reasons ranging from poor quality services, shortages of health workers and general underfunding of the health sector, to proximity barriers, financial barriers, and low perception of the benefits by the general population. 9. **The major causes for the high disease burden are preventable, if women can access obstetric services of good quality** . For most of the conditions, cost effective interventions exist and can be provided at the primary care level. Due to high poverty levels, a majority of women are unable to afford these basic and essential services. According to WHO, interventions that avert one DALY for less than average per capita income for a given country are generally considered as very cost-effective. Based on this, the interventions supported under the project are cost-effective as Uganda has a GDP of US490 per capita. Estimates based on analysis conducted in Uganda in 1999 reveal that costs per DALY averted for antenatal care was US$2.26 per pregnant woman per year in public facilities and US$6.43 per pregnant woman per year in PNFP hospitals. The costs per DALY averted through strengthening facilities to deliver emergency obstetric care was US$73 per emergency episode in a public hospital and US$86 in PNFP. ## 10. **Voucher schemes are amongst several noticeable maternal health programming**", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8099527955055237, "start": 1523, "end": 1559, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:24781", "surface": "Historical data/information", "ctx": "will therefore also be required to develop gender action plans and monitoring plan based on the GA to enable gender mainstreaming for the identified subprojects during Project implementation. **_Climate and Disaster Risk Management_** 77. Climate and disaster risk screening tool was administered and the report was generated. The climateinduced exposures include extreme precipitation and drought, and these will be relevant to the urban development interventions. The exposure is slight with low potential impact or risk. There are no moderate or high risks identified. The AF has been assessed for Climate Co-benefits, which amount to US$71.21 million USD (20 percent). The AF Program delivers adaptation as well as mitigation co-benefits: - <u>Adaptation co-benefits: The proposed investments in urban roads & drainages, stand-alone urban</u> drainages and emphasis on maintenance (avoidance of solid waste dumping) builds the climate resilience capacity of the Program municipalities to deal with extreme precipitation events. Historical data/information or trends or specific future projections with respect to the municipalities on extreme precipitation are not available. However, these proposed investments would reduce the climate vulnerabilities and risks if there are such occurrences. The urban local economic infrastructure will protect businesses in not being directly exposed to climate-induced events. Hence there would be greater resilience and reduced economic damages. Moreover, local economic infrastructure will support the establishment and growth of enterprises that provide non-farm livelihoods for people, and thereby increasing resilience to increased climate stresses in agricultural livelihoods. The overall institutional capacity strengthening of the municipalities will also bring trickle-down climate co-benefits. - <u>Mitigation co-benefits: As a part of the urban roads, solar street lighting is being provided every 50m.</u> This decentralized solar photovoltaic power reduces the dependence on the electricity grid. In Uganda, the primary source is climate-friendly hydropower with a small generation of thermal power. Therefore", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2466646283864975, "start": 1032, "end": 1059, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:31550", "surface": "asset register", "ctx": "end of the quarter. Subsequent disbursements of the IDA Credit will therefore be made in respect of this cash request. Formats of the FMRs have been agreed with the Bursar and the Project Task Manager at Makerere University. These will report on all the project transactions, including those funded by both IDA and the Rockefeller Foundation. Cashflow forecasts will be submitted as part of the FMRs and these will show separately amounts to be funded by IDA and by the Rockefeller Foundation. The Foundation will follow its own disbursement procedures (See Annex 6). ### Accounting Arrangements. The accounting Department of Makerere University will maintain the accounts for the project in accordance with the Govemment cash accounting systems. The accounting system contains the following features: application of consistent cash accounting principles for documenting, recording, and reporting its financial transactions; a chart of accounts and a coding system that allows meaningful summarization of financial transactions for financial reporting purposes; the use of asset register monthly closing and reconciliations of accounts and statements; and the production of annual financial statements acceptable to IDA. The systems will be supplemented by project-specific procedures, covering project budget, and management of a Special Account and a project bank account. ### Financial Reporting Project expenditures will be recorded and reported by Makerere University's accounting department, based on the accounts maintained by it. The annual financial statements will include, _inter alia,_ the following documents: a Summary of Sources and Uses of Funds; uses of Funds by Project Activity; summaries of the Special Accounts activities and of Report-Based disbursements, and notes to the financial statements. Reports describing the financial transactions and position of the project will be produced on a more regular basis as required within the University's normal regulations and will be submitted to IDA. The regular University formats will be used and these reports will be submitted to IDA in a timely manner on a quarterly and annual basis. ##", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.0852777287364006, "start": 1073, "end": 1087, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:17791", "surface": "bank statements for the Designated Account", "ctx": "will be submitted within 75 days of the quarter end. - ii. The MoE, in collaboration with the MoFEC, will prepare and share quarterly IFRs to the World Bank within 75 days of the quarter end for the activities planned and implemented in this project. The statement of source and uses of project fund will be produced by the MoFEC as is currently being done for GEQIP II. The content of this report will be the statement of the source and uses of fund,; detailed Statement of Uses of Funds by project activity, as documented in the PAD and based on annual work plan; and bank statements for the Designated Account (both U.S. dollar and local currency) and their reconciliation statements. Page 52 of 63", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.12210969626903534, "start": 570, "end": 612, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:32572", "surface": "M-Pesa transactions", "ctx": "business-to-business payments; and (d) institutional payments, including government-to-person payments such as salary payments, government social payments, government fees and tax collection, and microlending solutions (in partnership with the NCBA Bank).<sup>36</sup> > 34 NT invited applications from 39 banks across all tiers and it received applications from 14 commercial banks. Only seven banks (consisting of only tier 1 and tier 3 banks) met the criteria. It is expected that more banks will join in the future. > 35 World Bank. 2019. Kenya Digital Economy Assessment: Background Paper Series \u2013 Digital Financial Services. > 36 NCBA Bank in partnership with Safaricom offering savings and short-term unsecured loan service, namely \u201cM-Shwari\u201d. The credit assessment is based on a credit-scoring algorithm, which leverages alternative data such as airtime usage and M-Pesa transactions Loans are generally advanced to the M-Pesa account in under a minute. In 2016, a little over three years after its launch, M-Shwari had disbursed nearly US$1 billion in loans to 14 million customers. 16", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7797949314117432, "start": 872, "end": 891, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:29953", "surface": "Macro-Poverty Outlook projections", "ctx": "2 Kenya Economic Update: Continued Rebound, but Storms Cloud the Horizon. December 2022. > 3 <mark>World Bank.</mark> _<mark>Kenya - Country Partnership Framework for the Period FY23-FY28 (English).</mark>_ <mark>Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099421512052241562/SECBOS01bdb49b00208e1f0d132ef1fbe94</mark> > 4 US$1.90 in Purchasing Power Parity terms > 5 These estimates are based on the Macro-Poverty Outlook projections https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/macro-poverty- <u>outlook/mpo_ssa. The MPO estimates likely underestimate the increase in poverty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic \u2013 this possible</u> underestimation is supported by microsimulations based on the Rapid Response Phone Survey data collected throughout the pandemic. > 6 https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/rankings/ > 7 Climate Risk Profile: Kenya (2021): The World Bank Group. > 8 National Environment Management Authority (2015). Kenya-Second National Communication to the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change. URL: https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource Our mainstreaming approach recognizes that climate change is a cross-cutting sustainable development issue with economic, social and environmental impacts /Kennc2.pdf Page 5 of 22 Mar 26, 2023", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8461647033691406, "start": 436, "end": 469, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:6138", "surface": "2020 population data", "ctx": "s, counties such Wajir and Mandera have net enrollment rates of only 26 percent and 18 percent, respectively. Primary NERs vary widely as well, ranging from 42 percent in Garissa County to 96.8 percent in Nyeri County. The expected years of schools range from as high as 13.8 years for some region, and as low as 6.5 years of school in other regions. The lagging regions in enrollment are mainly in the North and North Eastern region of Kenya which are historically underserved and performing below the national average on development indicators, including in education outcomes. In 2018, the Government adopted an inclusive education policy for learners with disabilities. However, according to the Kenya Institute for Special Education (KISE), about 11.8 percent of school going children with special needs are still out of school. **11. While Kenya has made advances in improving the well-being of girls and young women, challenges in access, transition, and completion of basic education, especially in upper primary, remain significant.** There are well documented differences in the education outcomes between rural and urban areas, income quintiles, and gender. The National Education Sector Strategic Plan (NESSP) notes that nearly 6 out of 10 children from the poorest quintile, and particularly girls, who enrolled in Grade 1, are expected to complete Grade 6. This is compared to 9 out of 10 children from the richest quintile. When these layers of disadvantage intersect, the effect is severe. For example, the share of girls out-of-school children is over 60 percent in Nyamira, Siaya, Mombasa, Kilifi, Kwale, Kiambu, Turkana, Nakuru and Migori Counties. Based on 2020 population data on the secondary school age group (14-17 years old), approximately 315,000 girls were out-of-school. Bridging the gender gap in the labor market requires investments that will keep adolescent girls", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9430513978004456, "start": 1677, "end": 1697, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:25734", "surface": "statistical data", "ctx": "participatory process, has six interconnected strategic themes: (i) implementation of the statistics law, which mainly pertains to the coordination of the NSS and establishment of appropriate organizational units and standards; (ii) development of data quality procedures, which corresponds to the development of data quality assessment framework (DQAF), coordinated by the CSA for the NSS; (iii) enhancement of advocacy and use of statistics through promotion of a common website for the NSS, and training of stakeholders; (iv) methodological improvements and statistical modernization, which relates to identification and filling of data gaps and reduction of duplication of surveys; (v) Capacity development in the NSS to meet the increased demand for statistics, which involves investments that improve organizational arrangements, enhance training and availability of skilled staff, encourage staff retention and reduce turnover, leverage ICT for quick data capture and dissemination, provide additional space, furniture and appropriate facilities for a conducive work environment and efficient operations; and (vi) relating the NSDS to the Monitoring and Evaluation of PASDEP and other interventions such as MDGs. The CSA has two objectives: (i) to plan, collect, process, and disseminate statistical data and (ii) to lead national coordination and provide technical guidance and assistance to government agencies and institutions in building administrative systems and registers (See Figure 1). It is the principal collector, aggregator and disseminator of official statistics and the coordinator of the National Statistical System (NSS) . The CSA has a staff of almost 2500, of which approximately 50 are managers, 380 are statisticians, 400 are technical and administrative professionals, 1400 are support staff, and 250 logistical staff. Its annual budget (both capital and recurrent) is about US$10 million, of which about 30 percent is for staff salaries and the rest for surveys and operations (2012). This funding model of the CSA differs favorably from many other statistical offices in Africa that usually fund staff salaries but do not provide budget for conducting surveys", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07340781390666962, "start": 1295, "end": 1311, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:31747", "surface": "ESW on malnutrition in Ethiopia", "ctx": "Ethiopia cover a wide swath of the food insecure population which is estimated at about 8 million. This includes programs such as the Productive Safety Nets Program (PSNP), the Government\u2019s Food Security Program, and the externally supported Food Security Project. Emergency nutrition programs to combat malnutrition are also somewhat extensive. The Government recently began the Health Extension Program (HEP) which aims to provide two female health extension workers (HEWs) in each rural kebele. The Enhanced Outreach Services (EOS) combined with the Targeted Supplementary Food Program (TSFP), supported by UNICEF, WFP and other partners, has wide outreach, covering 6.7 million children nationwide in 325 woredas in the country, while most of the rest of the under-5 population are covered by a more limited version of the EOS. The large Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) program covers about two thirds of all woredas in the country, and is supported by the World Bank, African Development Bank and UNICEF. Nutrition also has strong links with the education sector, and the very strong impact on IQ, cognitive ability, productivity and educational outcomes has been well documented in the recent ESW on malnutrition in Ethiopia (World Bank, 2007<sup>2</sup> ). But in addition, there are strong complementary linkages between early childhood education and early childhood nutrition, both of which need to be addressed together to adequately implement Early Child Development (ECD) programmes. The preceding description of programs illustrates the **multi-sectoral** nature of nutrition. Nutrition is affected by a range of different factors \u2013 both food and non-food \u2013 and therefore is impacted by interventions in various sectors including health, agriculture, and water and sanitation. It has especially strong linkages with the education sector and with early child education. > 2 \u201cMalnutrition in Ethiopia: Current Interventions, Successes, Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Way Forward.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6953193545341492, "start": 1204, "end": 1235, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:42711", "surface": "dynamic social registry of vulnerable households", "ctx": "system that allows timely, efficient and transparent support to poor and vulnerable households, especially in response to shocks. COVID-19 impact highlighted the need for a well-functioning shock-responsive social protection systems in Uganda, enabled by among others, operationalization of a dynamic social registry of vulnerable households to assist the government to respond quickly, by expanding cash transfers beyond those who are in the current social protection programs (which currently is the Senior Citizens Grant (SCG) giving quarterly cash transfers to elderly persons), the strengthening of digital payment systems, and the development of a risk financing strategy. 10. **The World Bank has supported the social protection sector since 2003**<sup>**2**</sup> **through financing of Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF).** NUSAF has been one of the largest safety-net programs targeting households in the poorest and most vulnerable districts in Northern and Eastern Uganda. Under NUSAF 3, 67 districts were covered and benefited nearly 600,000 households (approx. 3 million persons). All three phases of NUSAF have focused on expanding safety nets, promoting sustainable livelihoods, building institutional capacity at the local level. In NUSAF 3 support was provided to advance on systems strengthening through development of a beneficiary registry and disaster risk financing mechanisms. The NUSAF 3 Endline Assessment showed positive impact on poor and vulnerable households with: i) the percentage of households with savings increased from 54.6% to 70% during the operation's lifetime, ii) ownership of household assets increased significantly during the operation's lifetime i.e. livestock 45.6 % increase and equipment such as ox ploughs 16% increase, and iii) 3,460 community assets were built increasing access to markets, agriculture commercialization and small infrastructure through LIPW. The interventions of this proposed project will build on the lessons learned and will be prepared through a consultative", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.13557645678520203, "start": 293, "end": 341, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:5625", "surface": "UNHCR Uganda data", "ctx": "**The World Bank** THE NORTHEASTERN ROAD-CORRIDOR ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT 2- (NERAMP 2) (P514937) 3. **Climate change further intensifies these structural constraints.** Uganda is already experiencing rising temperatures, more frequent droughts, and increasingly volatile rainfall, with climate \u2011 related events accounting for about 70 percent of natural disasters. Without adaptation, crop productivity could decline by 1.4\u20132.6 percent by the 2040s, with annual economic losses of up to 4.5 percent of GDP. Transport infrastructure is particularly exposed, as 45 percent of district roads and 60 percent of national roads face flood risk, increasing maintenance costs and economic disruption. Uganda\u2019s commitments under the Paris Agreement, its revised NDC, and the National Climate Change Act underscore the importance of climate \u2011 resilient, low \u2011 carbon transport systems to protect livelihoods and support sustainable job creation. 4. **Recent UNHCR Uganda data **confirms that the country's refugee and asylum-seeker population has continued to grow, reaching 1,974,427 as of January 31, 2026** .With displacement now a long-term reality in Uganda, accelerating self-reliance is essential to ensuring refugees and host communities can access jobs, services, and sustainable livelihoods. It is clear, the World Bank Group is uniquely positioned to support a new approach to support refugees and host communities, adopt responses that can be sustained over time, both financially and socially and shift from \u201cmeeting needs\u201d to \u201creducing the needs for aid\u201d. Sectoral and Institutional Context 5. **Overview of Uganda\u2019s Road Transport System:** Uganda\u2019s transport system is predominantly road-based, with roads accommodating over 95 percent of both passenger and freight traffic. This reality means that road performance plays a fundamental role in shaping the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6093167662620544, "start": 950, "end": 967, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22214", "surface": "Uganda Poverty Assessment 2022", "ctx": "targeting the elderly above age 85, and the Third Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF 3), which was a World Bank-supported safety net program that ended in June 2021, targeting households in the northern and eastern Uganda. The analysis done for the Uganda Poverty Assessment 2022 by the World Bank<sup>9</sup> confirms low coverage of SCG and Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF) programs but also demonstrates their pro-poor incidence. 11. **The World Bank has supported the social protection sector since 2002**<sup>**10**</sup> **through financing to the Government of Uganda\u2019s flagship Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF).** NUSAF has been one of the largest safety-net programs in Uganda, targeting and providing a package of benefits and services to the households in the poorest and most vulnerable districts in Northern and Eastern Uganda. All three phases of World Bank Projects to support NUSAF have focused on, among other, expanding the coverage of safety nets, promoting sustainable livelihoods, and building institutional capacity at the local level. NUSAF 3 also supported advancement of systems strengthening through development of a beneficiary registry and disaster risk financing mechanisms. 12. **One of the key challenges faced by the social protection sector in Uganda is the lack of a national level delivery system that is adaptive and could help in responding to shocks in a timely manner.** More specifically, the gaps are: (i) lack of a national dynamic social registry that is able to objectively identify poor and vulnerable groups and connect them with relevant social benefits and services; (ii) lack of a robust and flexible payment system that would allow disbursement of timely payments; and (iii) absence of a comprehensive risk-financing mechanism at the national level that would allow availability of predictable and timely resources for adequately responding to shocks. The recent COVID-19", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8430783748626709, "start": 256, "end": 286, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:43682", "surface": "household welfare data", "ctx": "promotion bureaus and relevant _woreda_ cooperative promotion desks. The PCDP will provide the necessary financial support and be responsible for IGA group formation, mobilization and supervision. As a first step, this sub-component will also finance the preparation of a Pastoral Savings and Credit Cooperatives manual in collaboration with the Federal Cooperative Promotion Agency. The Project may also pilot support to pastoral Rural Savings and Credit Groups in areas where rural micro-finance institutions are present. **_Component 2: Pastoral Risk Management (_** US$ 35.0 million including US$ 16.9 million from the World Bank, US$ 11.3 million from IFAD, US$ 6.8 million from Government) **.** **Sub-Component A: Community-Based Early Warning and Response Program** : A Community-based Early Warning and Response Program will build on and deepen an ongoing _woreda_ and livelihoods zone based early warning process. The program will be managed by Early Warning and Response Department of MoARD under a Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Federal Affairs. It will be implemented by regional DPPB/EWRD bureaus and _woreda_ representatives with the support of partner NGOs, who will help to collect and analyze basic household welfare data for the early identification of the onset of disasters. In the medium term, using part-time data monitors at community levels, _woredas_ will compile and analyze trends in household, environmental, economic and social (including conflict) conditions in discrete livelihoods areas. This data will flow to regional DPPBs and the federal EWRD/MoARD, on a regular basis, providing information to trigger early non-food responses to declines in the welfare of pastoralist communities. The early warning system will provide the information to assign each participating _woreda_ to one of five \"disaster stages\", with appropriate responses corresponding to each stage. Early response will", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.15062350034713745, "start": 1235, "end": 1257, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:45976", "surface": "land capability studies", "ctx": "on the aquatic environment and thus have a compounding benefit. Subcomponent 1: Development of a locally based, participatory, spatial planning process. Spatial planning will be based on land capability assessment at region and district levels. The technical information on what the land will support will be complemented with market surveys for the products from the various possible land uses and this information will be used to develop a draft district spatial plan. This draft will be circulated for discussion by local stakeholders who will be able to provide written and verbal feedback into the plan. The Project will also support input into the operational guidelines for the district spatial plans and will help develop capacity in district and city governments to implement the plans. The planning process would also include strengthening of existing local conflict resolution mechanisms. Subcomponent 2: Support to establishment of MSME\u2019s and to help MSME\u2019s take advantage of alternative livelihood opportunities. The project will support technical extension advice both from the Government and through public: private partnership pilots. Training at group and enterprise levels in how to develop a simple business plan and manage money will also be available to MSME\u2019s. This subcomponent links the information from the land capability studies and market surveys to those that are interested in taking advantage of a new and potentially more profitable and sustainable use of coastal resources. Subcomponent 3: Establishment of a Coastal Community Action Fund (CCAF). The purpose of the CCAF is to leverage construction of village infrastructure and changes from damaging to more sustainable and profitable alternative livelihoods supported under the KCDP. Although the exact number of sub-projects supported under this subcomponent will depend on demand estimated during preparation, up to 300 of these small grants at an average value of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.550899088382721, "start": 1332, "end": 1355, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34849", "surface": "early warning system", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Strengthen Ethiopia\u2019s Adaptive Safety Net (P172479) PSNP and UPSNP. While the Labor and Social Affairs offices have strong presence and capacity in cities, it is only recently that they were adequately staffed in rural districts. The National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC) is coordinating the multi-hazard emergency response implemented by line Ministries and humanitarian agencies, and is responsible for the oversight of the early warning system NDRMC was also responsible for the implementation of HFA<sup>11</sup> , which following a recent Government directive will be transferred to MoA by June 2020. Coordination of these multisectoral engagements is enhanced by a Social Protection Council, which includes the Ministers of the main sectors contributing to the implementation of the NSPP. The implementation of safety nets is highly decentralized. Service delivery is the responsibility of regional, district (woreda), and _kebele_ local governments with uneven capacity. In recent years the upward accountability mechanisms weakened. Even though the safety nets are designed as federal programs with implementation delegated to subnational governments, setting and enforcing a single set of implementation standards and rules is a balancing act. ### Relationship to CPF **The proposed project is fully consistent with the World Bank Group\u2019s Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Ethiopia covering the period FY18-FY22,** which is designed to support progress towards the Government\u2019s Growth and Transformation Plan II. The CPF program focuses on: (i) promoting structural and economic transformation through increased productivity; (ii) building resilience and inclusiveness (including gender equality); and (iii) supporting institutional accountability and confronting corruption. The proposed project contributes directly to Focus Area Two \u2013 _Building Resilience and Inclusiveness_ . By aiming to strengthen the effectiveness and sustainability of the Government safety net system in rural areas the proposed project contributes most directly to the first objective of this", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.511707067489624, "start": 460, "end": 480, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:42532", "surface": "Public Expenditure Review 2004", "ctx": "1.** **COUNTRY AND SECTOR BACKGROUND** Despite a period of good macro-economic outcomes, supported by significant economic and governance reforms, coupled with public investment throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, many Ethiopians remain poor and vulnerable. The per capita income is estimated at US$100 and roughly 50 percent of the population are poor. Many more are vulnerable because a single large shock can overwhelm their selfprotection mechanisms, resulting in hunger and destitution, as has repeatedly happened, and most recently in 2002. Impoverishment persists in many areas due to the cumulative effects of repeated droughts, deforestation, soil erosion and degradation. As a result, each year Ethiopia appeals for emergency food aid to meet the consumption needs of at least five million people who are chronically food insecure. Although this internationally financed humanitarian assistance is substantial (estimated at about US$265 million a year in the past six years) and has saved many lives, recent evaluations, including the Public Expenditure Review 2004 (PER) and the Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2004 show that this assistance did not manage to protect livelihoods, generate community assets, or preserve household assets to the extent that could have been expected. Poverty is widespread in both rural and urban areas, and food insecurity is one of the defining features of rural poverty in Ethiopia. The magnitude of food insecurity is much greater in drought prone rural areas than in urban areas. The problem of food insecurity has become worse in recent years. The average population in need of food aid in the past three years (2001-2004) has been higher than the historical average seven years prior (1994-2000, See Figure 1). However, these recent trends do not completely capture the severity of food insecurity in exceptional years such as 2003, when around 13 million people required emergency food aid. The major causes of food insecurity in Ethiopia include land degradation, recurrent drought, poor and inadequate management of risk, population pressure", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7127224802970886, "start": 1047, "end": 1077, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:5827", "surface": "baseline survey", "ctx": "beneficiaries. At the county level, the project will support the establishment of a procurement system, using Do-nou Technology and including the mock training module. The project will include 5 groups (125 people) from Meru Youth Service to establish the training program of Do-nou in the Meru Youth Service so that new groups of youth can receive the same benefits of the project even after the project close. National Government Agencies will be project beneficiaries too. Kenya Roads Boards is monitoring the road maintenance status of the entire road network in the country. Access roads rehabilitated through the Do-nou training under the project will be recorded in Kenya Roads Board\u2019s system and contribute to the total length of road maintenance. The project is aligned with the RODS 2000 program in which Ministry of Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development (MoTIHUD) promotes the use of local resources and laborbased civil works methods as part of the sector\u2019s poverty reduction strategy. Therefore MoTIHUD as well as Kenya Urban Roads Authority will benefit from a mechanism to engage with underserved urban communities in labor-based civil works that they can replicate in other counties. [1] Based on the baseline survey and interview with the community chief, it is estimated that the population of each target community is about 4,500 people. [2] Excluding workshops and equipment. Page 10 of 18 Jun 29, 2020", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8319247364997864, "start": 1236, "end": 1251, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:27054", "surface": "EDHS", "ctx": "coverage of at least one antenatal visit reached 34 percent from a baseline of 28 percent. Remarkable improvements have been achieved in the under-5 mortality rate, with the rate declining from 123 (per 1000 live births) in 2005 to 88 per 1000 live births in 2010. Infant mortality dropped from 77 to 59. According to the Welfare Monitoring Survey, the prevalence of illness from 23.8 percent (2004) to 16.9 percent (2011). The PBS program contributed to these health sector improvements by allowing more than 38,000 health extension workers to be hired, two for every kebele in the country. Nonetheless, the country still faces significant health challenges, particularly in maternal mortality, which remains at 676 per 100,000 live births, roughly equivalent to where it was in 2005 (EDHS). Skilled attendants at delivery remains very low, although it has improved to 10 percent in 2011from 6 percent in 2005 EDHS The key challenges for the health sector are to address stubbornly high maternal mortality and sustain the gains made in reduction of child mortality, improved nutrition of children and decreased burden of communicable diseases. This requires strong, w ell-coordinated inter-sectoral action led by woredas to promote community-based integrated service delivery through the successful health extension worker program . Given this multi-sectorality, the woreda plays a crucial role as a platform for ensuring that all basic service sectors work well together to achieve MDG and GTP results. Agriculture and Natural Resources. The GTP continues the Government\u2019s long-standing focus on agriculture and smallholder farming. The sector remains crucially important for the economy, especially employment, poverty reduction and food security and will be central to implementing the country's ambitious plans for a Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE). The GTP aims to maintain the improvements in agricultural productivity of the last years: average yield per hectare rose to 17.6 quintals in 2011 from 15.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7862730026245117, "start": 911, "end": 915, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:36471", "surface": "Baseline data collection", "ctx": "ii) _Predictability_ : (i) reorienting the existing/ongoing MoE scheme to award bursaries to students before they enroll in secondary school; and (ii) advancing disbursement of bursary funds to constituency and school bank accounts early in the school year; (iii) _Consistency_ : Establishing funding allocation guidelines to ensure greater consistency for the duration of secondary schooling and the amounts received; (iv) _Accountability and transparency_ : Designing an appropriate monitoring and evaluation system to follow the allocation of funds and the performance of beneficiaries; and (v) _Governance and incentives_ : Ensuring national recognition for best performance for bursary awards, utilizing IEC channels to disseminate good practices, and providing avenues for sharing good practice examples of bursary awards management. _Component 2. Governance and Accountability_ : (i) _Bursary Management Information System (BMIS)_ . A bursary management information system (BMIS) will be developed to capture critical data on number of students receiving secondary school bursaries, the consistency with which they are receiving bursaries, and their overall performance; (ii) _Institutional Capacity Development_ . The envisaged capacity development activities of the SSBR would go beyond traditional approaches of the supply of training and technical cooperation towards a focus on demand, and incentives for retaining and effective use of capacity. A public expenditure accountability approach for frontline service delivery aimed at tracking concrete results at beneficiary level will be instituted to improve the responsiveness, efficiency, and efficacy of the MoE\u2019s current subsidy scheme; and (iii) _Monitoring and Evaluation_ . The SSBR will include a full-fledged impact evaluation assessment, including the upstream impact evaluation to inform the targeting of secondary school bursaries. Baseline data collection has already commenced, and it is envisaged that the first report will inform the targeting of bursaries for Cohort 1 in academic year 2009 commencing in January. Risk mitigation and monitoring will include the layering of audits from", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1826557070016861, "start": 1905, "end": 1929, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18388", "surface": "December 2020 assessment", "ctx": "businesses** . Pre-Covid-19 field estimates suggested that Ugandan women spent 3.5 times more time on unpaid care work than men.<sup>20</sup> In 2020-21, school closures increased women\u2019s care responsibilities, limiting the hours they can devote to work or school and pushing many women out of the paid labor force entirely. A December 2020 assessment found that 53 percent of girls and 46 percent of women take on additional unpaid work, most commonly cooking, housework, collecting firewood, and fetching water.<sup>21</sup> 17. **Basic economic and social infrastructure is also a constraint for women just as it is for men, particularly in rural and peri-urban areas.** Programs that support female entrepreneurs may be successful only if they have satisfactory access to infrastructure, such as roads, energy, and communications so that they are able to obtain inputs and sell their goods. In addition, care infrastructure may be important, as limited access to affordable quality childcare inhibits women\u2019s participation and time spent on paid work. Without the appropriate infrastructure in place it may be difficult to access markets and public services, increase productivity, and raise incomes. Provision public infrastructure\u2014water, sanitation, electricity, and roads\u2014can also potentially ease women\u2019s time constraints. However, more empirical research is needed to understand how such infrastructure would affect the intrahousehold distribution of labor. 18. **Lack of access to digital technologies is also a constraint on women\u2019s economic activity.**<sup>**22**</sup> Digital products, such as mobile money, can give women access to a safe and private savings platform, which can alleviate some of the pressures - 16 Campos et al. 2015. \u201cBreaking the Metal Ceiling Female Entrepreneurs Who Succeed in Male-Dominated Sectors.\u201d Policy Research Working Paper 7503", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8955194354057312, "start": 327, "end": 351, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18275", "surface": "Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy", "ctx": "(through Council of Ministers Proclamation No.302/2013), the vertically integrated utility, Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo), was unbundled into two public enterprises: (a) the Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) Company, responsible for the generation and transmission sub-sectors; and (b) the Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU), responsible for power distribution, sales, and customer services. The GoE also established a regulatory agency Ethiopian Energy Authority (EEA), responsible for developing effective rules, directives, and standards for sector. 7. **Ethiopia\u2019s energy sector has witnessed a significant transformation through the implementation of an ambitious reform program implemented by the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) to enhance efficiency and performance in the sector.** Some of the key pillars of this sector reform program include (i) a new legal framework that included unbundling of EEPCo followed by business restructuring of the utilities EEU and EEP and re-defining the role and mandate of the regulator EEA; (ii) the creation of a state-of-the-art legal and regulatory framework for PublicPrivate Partnerships (PPPs), overseen by the MOF, to promote private-sector investment, and the development of a strong pipeline of PPP transactions in the power sector; and (iii) a comprehensive program for the financial restructuring of the sector to free up resources for investment in service enhancement. Consequently, Ethiopia has witnessed significant improvement in the sector regulatory environment. According to Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy Ethiopia\u2019s overall score for regulatory environment improved from 29 points to 48 points in 2017. Regulatory framework specifically for electricity access also improved from 49 points to 79 points for the same period. 8. **The sector\u2019s transformation has been accompanied by outstanding achievements across the energy value chain.** Generation capacity has quadrupled in the last decade from around 1,100 MW in 2009 to 4,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8521299362182617, "start": 1545, "end": 1589, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:42665", "surface": "General Data Dissemination System", "ctx": "# ii. Project development objective and key indicators. The project\u2019s development objective is to create an efficient and effective national statistical system to provide reliable, timely, and accurate data in line with international good practice and frameworks and needs of users. The specific objectives of the proposed project are to support the government\u2019s efforts to: - Develop a robust, coordinated, effective and demand driven national statistical system, and provide services that are accountable to multiple users. - Produce impartial, credible, consistent and accessible statistical data and information in a timely and cost-effective manner. - Encourage data producers to build partnerships with data users such as research and academic institutions with a view to building of a sustainable data and information sharing system. - Create synergy through the establishment of both vertical and horizontal linkages among data producers in the country. - Harness new developments in information and communication technology to improve the methods of data collection, processing, packaging, and dissemination to users. The project will consolidate and complement the efforts previously undertaken by the Kenya government and bilateral and multilateral organizations and support actions that are specified in the Strategic Plan. Key performance indicators include: - Satisfaction of users of statistical information increases compared with a baseline. - Significant progress in establishing a robust annual process of monitoring the IP-ERS. - Clear increase in the use of statistical information through, for example, evidence of improved quality of spending. - Continued participation in the IMF\u2019s General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) and regular updating and publication of the GDDS metadata in line with the recommendations of the system. # iii. Project components The project comprises six components: (a) organizational development (b) human resource development; (c) development of statistical infrastructure; (d) data development; (e) physical infrastructure and equipment; and (f) project management. A brief description of each of the components is present . To ensure participation and collaboration of the line ministries and agencies within the NSS", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19889241456985474, "start": 1706, "end": 1739, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22956", "surface": "Household surveys", "ctx": "During the past two decades the capacity of Kenya\u2019s national statistical system (NSS) to produce timely, high quality, and relevant statistical information has deteriorated.<sup>1</sup> Problems include declining financial outlays to produce and disseminate statistics, inadequate professional staff at the senior management levels, and poor management. Until very recently, surveys were conducted but not analyzed, or when analyzed, the results were not released to the public in a timely manner. Some statistical products such as the Economic Survey and the Statistical Abstract have been produced without release calendars, leading to delays in releasing information to the public. Production of other statistical products such as the Statistical Digest, the Annual Trade Statistics, and the Annual Education Statistics has simply ceased. Household surveys and industrial production surveys have been conducted sporadically, depending on the availability of donor funding, since government allocations to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) were inadequate to finance these. The country\u2019s input/output tables and the social accounting matrix were last produced in 1986, while the system of national accounts used in the compilation of national accounts aggregates has not been fully revised to reflect the guidelines of the United Nations System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA93). Results of the surveys which the CBS managed to conduct were released so late they were often irrelevant in an ever changing environment. The production of statistics through the routine data systems in the line ministries also declined over time. Moreover, production of statistics by various agencies was not well coordinated, resulting in duplication of data collection efforts. In addition, annual symposiums for data users and producers, which used to be held in the 1980s to ensure that data users and data producers maintained an active dialogue, have not been held for more than a decade. To make matters worse, demand for statistics to benchmark and track implementation progress of national development initiatives and programs has substantially increased in recent years. Attempting to meet these demands has presented major challenges", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.45635366439819336, "start": 842, "end": 859, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:3709", "surface": "Facebook Future of Business Survey", "ctx": "exporters to international markets, manufacturing companies and start-ups. The floriculture industry, for example, which employs over 10,000 people, is facing severe disruptions in its supply chains as air cargo companies have suspended flights, but similar disruptions will also arise due to cancelation of orders, closures of restaurants, coffee shops, etc. Restarting or continuing economic transformation will require the provision of new loans and products in the market, leaner more efficient firms and rapid adaptation to new market conditions, and the capacity to identify new markets and sources of demand, particularly for new and exporting firms. This is consistent with the WBG\u2019s economic response is to promote sustainable business growth and job creation by assisting countries to help firms survive the initial crisis shock, restructure, and become more resilient in the recovery<sup>3</sup> . **MSMEs in Uganda face severe liquidity constraints caused by the sharp drop in demand due to the COVID-19 crisis.** This may be especially true for firms owned by women as they tend to be less profitable<sup>4</sup> , so have less room for absorbing such shocks, and may be disproportionately impacted in their operations by the pandemic because of their higher concentration in consumer-facing sectors and the greater share of responsibility for looking after children and sick household members that tends to fall on women. Indeed, emerging data collected from several countries in the region (including Uganda) in the Facebook Future of Business Survey shows that women\u2019s businesses have been significantly more likely to be temporarily closed during the pandemic<sup>5</sup> . Recognizing the pressure on Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) liquidity, the Bank of Uganda (BoU) has encouraged banks to provide moratoria on their loans to their liquidity-constrained borrowers for up to 12 months. The BoU also took measures to reduce both the cost and risk", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8882430195808411, "start": 1531, "end": 1565, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13930", "surface": "Findex Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services (P179040) aims to reduce food insecurity and vulnerability for the poorest by providing economic opportunities and building resilience to crises through cash transfers, public works programs, and nutritional feeding programmes that can greatly benefits from improved identify verification mechanisms. 5. **Gender disparities in Ethiopia, including in terms of access to economic opportunities for women, are profound.** Significant and deeply engrained disparities continue to remain, and a combination of cultural norms and socioeconomic inequality greatly increases the risks faced by women in terms of their well-being. The 2022 Global Gender Gap report ranked Ethiopia 74 out of 146 countries, and 15 in Africa. The rank drops to 112 for economic participation and opportunities, and to 133 for educational attainment.<sup>1</sup> The 2017 Global Findex Survey found that only 29 percent of women had a financial account, compared to 41 percent of men, with the gap growing significantly from 2014 when the rates were 21 percent and 23 percent respectively. Addressing gender inequalities in terms of access to education and decision-making, services, economic opportunities, employment, land, and productive resources are crucial ingredients for continuous economic growth in Ethiopia. 6. **Another challenge is a large number of forcibly displaced persons in Ethiopia.** The International Organization for Migration (IOM)\u2019s most recent estimate (September 2022) is that there are 2.73 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), predominately in Somali (910,000) and Oromia (806,000).<sup>3</sup> Two-thirds have been displaced because of conflict, and onefifth because of drought. This is a significant decrease from September 2021, when there were an estimated 4.23 million IDPs. There are 884,000 refugees and asylum seekers in Ethiopia", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8378691673278809, "start": 917, "end": 930, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:19492", "surface": "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census", "ctx": "033f39c01508a51042e6734f03ba</mark> > 19 Individuals can work in formal employment, upper-tier informal employment, or lower-tier informal employment. Formal wage employment is when an individual has a written contract, has social security, and some benefits such as paid leave. Formal selfemployment is when the individual works in the modern-sectors and is registered as self-employed. Upper-tier informal employment can also be wage or self, where the individual is working in higher skilled International Standards of Classifications of Occupations (ISCO) codes (such as managers, professionals, technicians) or has some job-related benefits. The rest of those employed work in lower-tier informal employment. > 20 \u2018Protecting and Promoting all\u2019 refers to a set of policies and programs which enable individuals to find/return to work and offers them access to social protection programs (savings, insurance, cash transfers, and so on) when they need it. > 21 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I and III. > 22 Some 12 percent of Kenya\u2019s population lives in NEDI counties in 2019. The NEDI counties are Garissa, Isiolo, Lamu, Mandera, Marsabit, Samburu, Tana River, Turkana, Wajir, and West Pokot. > 23 The sectoral context section is sourced from the recent Kenya Jobs Diagnostic draft. \u201cCan I be of Service: Inclusive Growth in Kenya Page 7 of 22 Mar 26, 2023", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9203295707702637, "start": 964, "end": 1004, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:33748", "surface": "Ethiopia Country Climate Development Report 2024", "ctx": "</sup> National poverty increased from 24 percent in 2015/16 to 33 percent in 2021, while rural poverty rose from 27 percent to 37 percent.<sup>3</sup> 3. **Climate shocks are magnifying Ethiopia\u2019s challenges.** Major hazards, including droughts, floods, heat stress, and pest infestations, are already contributing to humanitarian needs and internal displacement. Climate change is forecasted to increase GDP losses from 1 \u2013 1.5 percent this decade to five percent in the 2040s, potentially pushing 3.7 million more people below the poverty line.<sup>4</sup> Rural households are increasingly vulnerable due to land degradation, deforestation, and climate change. 4. **Ethiopia has a large population, with youth being the majority.** The World Bank places Ethiopia\u2019s population at over 120 million, with approximately 80 percent living in rural areas, and about a quarter of the population classified as > 1 Ethiopia Systematic Country Diagnostic, 2023. Report no. 100592-ET. > 2 World Bank. Macro-Poverty Outlook, Spring 2024 > 3 This data excludes Tigray Region, where data was not available due to conflict > 4 Ethiopia Country Climate Development Report 2024 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/41114 Page 2 Official Use Only", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8800781965255737, "start": 1116, "end": 1164, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:36927", "surface": "social accounting matrix", "ctx": "During the past two decades the capacity of Kenya\u2019s national statistical system (NSS) to produce timely, high quality, and relevant statistical information has deteriorated. <sup>1</sup> Problems include declining financial outlays to produce and disseminate statistics, inadequate professional staff at the senior management levels, and poor management. Until very recently, surveys were conducted but not analyzed, or when analyzed, the results were not released to the public in a timely manner. Some statistical products such as the Economic Survey and the Statistical Abstract have been produced without release calendars, leading to delays in releasing information to the public. Production of other statistical products such as the Statistical Digest, the Annual Trade Statistics, and the Annual Education Statistics has simply ceased. Household surveys and industrial production surveys have been conducted sporadically, depending on the availability of donor funding, since government allocations to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) were inadequate to finance these. The country\u2019s input/output tables and the social accounting matrix were last produced in 1986, while the system of national accounts used in the compilation of national accounts aggregates has not been fully revised to reflect the guidelines of the United Nations System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA93). Results of the surveys which the CBS managed to conduct were released so late they were often irrelevant in an ever changing environment. The production of statistics through the routine data systems in the line ministries also declined over time. Moreover, production of statistics by various agencies was not well coordinated, resulting in duplication of data collection efforts. In addition, annual symposiums for data users and producers, which used to be held in the 1980s to ensure that data users and data producers maintained an active dialogue, have not been held for more than a decade. To make matters worse, demand for statistics to benchmark and track implementation progress of national development initiatives and programs has substantially increased in recent years. Attempting to meet these demands has presented major challenges", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5977233052253723, "start": 1124, "end": 1148, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:841", "surface": "2009 Census", "ctx": "Corridor road, rehabilitation of the runway at Moi International Airport, Mombasa; and institutional strengthening of the newly established transport sector management institutions. 2. The Western Region in Kenya borders Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west and Sudan and Ethiopia to the north. It traverses the former Nyanza and Western and parts of the Rift Valley provinces. Western Kenya includes the most populous parts of Kenya. These three provinces have a population of about 20 million, according to the 2009 Census The region is endowed with great potential in agriculture, fisheries and water related resources, and tourism - but has recorded only modest economic growth over the last 20 years. It remains one of the poorest and least integrated regions of Kenya. The main road network in the region is in poor condition. Smooth movement of goods and people is constrained by poor transport links across this region. The primary road corridor in Western Kenya runs from Isebania (on Kenya-Tanzania border) through Kisii, Kisumu, Kakamega, Webuye, Kitale and Lodwar to Nadapal (on Kenya-Sudan border). This road section is part of the East African Road Network Corridor (Corridor No. 3) that runs from Mwanza in Tanzania, around Lake Victoria through Kisumu, Kakamega,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9119176268577576, "start": 518, "end": 529, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:14341", "surface": "DB Report 2013", "ctx": "12. Successful land administration reform could dramatically improve attractiveness of Uganda for investors while protecting the land rights of local communities: - Agricultural Development. Sound land policies can facilitate growth in agricultural - productivity via secure land tenure, which enhances opportunities for investment. - Industry Development. Significant opportunities could open up for the development of a - number of sectors, for example, manufacturing. Currently manufacturing firms in Uganda lack access to serviced industrial land. With improved access to land, manufacturing firms in Uganda would be able to construct warehouses, showrooms and houses for workers, which would give a significant momentum for the industry - Increased Employment. New investments and productivity sparked by increased and secure - access to land would mean new jobs, and these are critical, especially for Ugandan youth, who have a high unemployment rate - Improved Access to Finance. Improved access to land would enable firms in the private - sector to secure loans using land as collateral - Enhanced Stability. Security of property rights and the ability to draw on local or national - authorities to enforce those rights would be central to preserving livelihoods and maintaining social stability in Uganda. Enhanced social stability would make Uganda more attractive for potential investors 13. Another major problem for Ugandan firms relates to high transaction costs from operating legally: \u2022 Business registration, which is inefficient, slow and a significant barrier for entering the Ugandan market, continues to be a burden for enterprises. Poor business registration practices repeatedly appear on the list of complaints both locally and internationally. According to the DB Report 2013 starting a business in Uganda requires 15 procedural steps and takes 33 days, with a cost amounting to 76.7 percent of income per capita: this ranks Uganda number 144 among 183 economies analyzed on this indicator, significantly behind such regional neighbors as Rwanda (8), South Africa (53), and Tanzania (113). Forty-eight percent of surveyed micro-enterprises in Uganda noted that the financial cost of completing registration procedures was a serious barrier7.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9535061717033386, "start": 1786, "end": 1800, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:36645", "surface": "Environmental and Social Systems Assessments", "ctx": ". Certain types of infrastructure will be considered ineligible and placed put on a \u201cnegative\u201d (or proscribed) investment menu/list \u2013 these will include infrastructure items that are likely to have a significant negative social or environmental impact (s), such as investments considered to be substantial or high risk under the ESF. This list shall be firmed up by Appraisal. **24. Recent Environmental and Social Systems Assessments (ESSAs) carried out for the preparation of the ongoing KUSP and the new FLLoCA, have indicated that the existing environmental and social management procedures of county governments level were inadequate while those of devolved offices of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) are adequate for use by the program for the regulation of environmental risks, though not so for** Page 9 of 11 Mar 01, 2022", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.31793010234832764, "start": 390, "end": 434, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:8047", "surface": "Ethiopia Malnutrition ESW", "ctx": "activity is proposed to be scaled-up over the next four years to cover all these estimated 150,000 children who have severe malnutrition. According to the recent Ethiopia Malnutrition ESW (World Bank, 2007), this activity is less cost-effective than some of the others working against malnutrition in Ethiopia, but still has a high benefit-cost ratio of about two. **Community-Based Nutrition and ECD.** This component is proposed to be implemented gradually, to be scaled up to cover 150 woredas over the first 4 years. This will be a subset of the 325 woredas where the full EOS and HEP are currently operational (and where it will continue to operate). This approach envisions making communities and households responsible for preventing poor nutrition and preventative health among children as well as pregnant and lactating women. Addressing the nutrition \u201cknowledge deficit\u201d among communities, in line with the _Knowledge Building_ principle of the NNP, is key here. Community volunteers will be the main agents of change within communities, working together with Health Extension Workers as envisioned in the third Health Sector Development Plan (see above under sub-component 2a), with a goal to help households understand why nutrition and preventative health matters to their development and their children\u2019s future. Knowledge building regarding early childhood education practices which are also an integral part of Early Childhood Development would also be a key part of this sub-component. Knowledge building regarding early childhood education practices which are also an integral part of Early Childhood Development would also be a key part of this sub-component. Tools to help with knowledge building would include a communication strategy with appropriate mix of channels, media and messages. Communities may be supported by project grants to address causes of malnutrition at the community level. One possibility is that the volunteers would be beneficiaries of the Productive Safety Nets Program (PSNP), and would receive food or cash through this program in return for working as community", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7528383135795593, "start": 162, "end": 187, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:20276", "surface": "2004 investment climate assessment", "ctx": "now fully absorbed and internalized their role and activities under the ERT program, and are ready to move to Phase II. In general, these agencies have demonstrated a strong sense of ownership, commitment, and newly created capacity for scaling up their activities. The concept note prepared by the GoU embraces the ERT approach, and makes clear that the Government wants to take greater responsibility for designing Phase II, based on the lessons learned during the implementation of Phase I. The main recommendation of the independent review commissioned by the Government is to proceed to Phase II as originally designed, subject to some fine-tuning adjustments based on the implementation experience. After some initial delays, the disbursements and trigger-indicators for Phase II are on-track to meet their target values, apart from two lagging agencies, whose work plans need significant redesign during the preparation of Phase II. # **_Rationale for Bank Involvement_** ERT II is directly in line with the current Uganda Joint Assistance Strategy (UJAS), and is listed as a proposed operation in 2008 (pp 91). UJAS states that: \u201cInvestments in power generation facilities will increase the reliability and lower the cost of electricity, which is a major cost to business according to the 2004 investment climate assessment A rural energy program, with the support of the Global Environmental Facility, will harness local entrepreneurial capacity in expanding access of rural communities to modem energy sources, including renewable energy. Projects to build ministerial capacity, promote private sector involvement, and strengthen energy sector institutions will seek to create an efficient, commercially-viable energy sector.\u201d (pp 24). # **_Lending Instrument_** This project is proposed as the second phase of a three phase Adaptable Program Loan approved by the Board in November 2001 and a GEF Strategic Partnership endorsed by the GEF CEO in December 2001. It is proposed to prepare this project in a manner fully", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6673718690872192, "start": 1297, "end": 1331, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:33235", "surface": "driver registry", "ctx": "(a) lack of adequate driver registry record management and information exchange platform leading to lack of appropriate control mechanism to ensure quality driving training; and also an effective information system for transparent law enforcement thereby creating an environment for fraud and corruption; (b) inappropriate vehicle registry and record management and information exchange platform resulting in inability to share information with the regulatory body and other relevant institutions such as the traffic police - hence weakening enforcement and contributing to cases where vehicles are registered using false credentials; (c) weak means of enforcing traffic laws/rules in the absence of effective information sharing system for monitoring driver behavior; and (d) sub-standard quality of service accessibility and efficiency of public freight transport resulting from poor management and lack of good governance; and due to large information and communication gap which has opened windows for illegal trade. 15. Thus, currently there are significant deficiencies in the driver licensing and vehicle registration systems, limiting the effectiveness of enhanced transport systems management. To enable the implementation of an advanced and integrated public transport system, the project will also support the modernization of the federal transport system, in particular the entry of drivers and vehicles into the system and registration of the same, so that there is an improved and transparent mechanism to monitor the issuance of licenses and registrations. 16. Hence, the proposed project will assist in addressing some of the challenges discussed and will consist of two parts, namely activities to enhance systems and performance of: Page 4 of 9", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.10716880112886429, "start": 21, "end": 36, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:26430", "surface": "project completion reports", "ctx": "5. The total cost of the project is estimated at US$1 billion equivalent, of which 70- would be foreign costs. The implementing agencies would contribute about W of total project cost from internal cash generation. Private investors are expected to finance two power plants. IDA financing of the project is expected to be some US$100 million. OECF, CDC, and EIB are considering cofinancing for the project. # Project Implementation 6. The GOK would have overall project implementation responsibility through the Ministry of Energy (MOE), Kenya Power & Lighting Company Ltd. (KPLC), Kenya Power Company Ltd. (KPC), Kenya Pipeline Company (KPL) and National Oil Corporation of Kenya (NOCK). Consultants will assist the implementing agencies. MOE will prepare a Project Implementation Plan describing the main features of the project, implementation arrangements, implementation plan, and a monitoring and evaluation plan. # Project Sustainability 7. The Project supports reforms to create and sustain an efficient energy sector, including: (i) power sector reorganization and restructuring to improve operating and financial performance; (ii) legal and regulatory reforms for the power sub-sector to separate the commercial activities from the policy and regulatory aspects and facilitate private sector entry; (iii) performance contracts for sector parastatals and management contracts for publicly-owned thermal generation facilities; (iv) economic pricing for electricity and petroleum products; and (v) pricing and non-pricing demand-side measures to manage consumption. # Poverty Category # 8. Not applicable # Lessons Learned From Previous IDA Involvement 9. The main findings of the project completion reports for previous IDA projects - seven power projects, three reforestation, and three petroleum projects - were: (i) the projects' physical objectives and the benefits of international competitive bidding were generally achieved; (ii) a sector approach was needed since, the institutional and financial components were not achievable in the context of project operations and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.22849392890930176, "start": 1688, "end": 1714, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:24581", "surface": "Human Development Index", "ctx": "percent in 1993 to 19.7 percent in 2013, while annual consumption growth of the bottom 40 percent averaged around three percent during this period, higher than most other countries in the region. The incidence of extreme poverty measured by the international poverty line of US$1.90 per day declined from 68.1 percent in 1993 to 33.2 percent in 2013. Over the last ten years, Uganda reduced the proportion of households living under US$1.90 per day faster than any other country in SubSaharan Africa (SSA). However, the decrease in poverty between 2005 and 2009 remains fragile\u2014for every three Ugandans who rose above poverty, two fell back into poverty. In 2013, 43 percent of the population was considered vulnerably non-poor. This implies that though these households were above the official poverty line, there is a high risk of them falling back into poverty subject to economic, political, weather, or other shocks. Inequality, too, has increased due to the relatively lower consumption growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population. The Gini coefficient increased from 0.36 in 1993 to 0.40 in 2013. In 2014, Uganda ranked 163 out of the 188 countries on the Human Development Index There are large and increasing regional inequalities, with most of the poor concentrated in the North and the East of the country. In 2006, approximately 60 percent of the poor lived in the northern and eastern parts of the country and by 2013 this proportion had increased to 84 percent. At the subregional level, most of the poor live in the Mid-North and the East, 20.7 percent and 22 percent respectively. The West Nile sub-region (along with East Central and North East) also has a doubledigit percentage of poverty. Despite the growing urbanization, nearly 84 percent of the population and 90 percent of the poor lived in rural areas in 2013.The rural poor mainly derive their income from agriculture", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9584940075874329, "start": 1169, "end": 1192, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:6905", "surface": "ICA survey", "ctx": "this, the Office of the Prime Minister will formally submit the Memorandum to the WTO, which will launch the accession process. Further, recognizing the size of the challenge ahead, the GOE has decided to create a well-staffed department devoted to this task within MoTI. This process is still ongoing and will be assisted by the public sector reform program. _Weak Enterprise Skills and Institutional Support to PSD_ The results of ICA clearly show that productivity and competitiveness of SMEs in Ethiopia are among the key constraints to their growth and development. The reasons for Ethiopia\u2019s labor productivity shortfall are manifold: (i) manufacturing businesses are too small and consequently lack the economies of scale of their foreign counterparts; (ii) Ethiopia\u2019s factory workers are far less equipped than their counterparts elsewhere with machines, tools, or space. However, the largest contributor to the productivity gap are differences in skill levels. Indeed, according to the EDRI survey of micro and small enterprises (2004) nearly 90% of the operators did not receive any pre or post vocational or technical training. For these reasons, capacity building (CB) is of critical importance for Ethiopia to meet its growth and poverty reduction objectives. Ethiopia probably has one of the least-developed business development services (BDS) markets in the world. Currently, CB for the individual firm consists mainly of open training courses and limited assistance with business planning supplied by public-sector entities at highly subsidized fee rates. As a result, private supply of BDS\u2019s has barely started to develop. Lack of BDS services facilitating knowledge and technology transfer severely limits the potential of firms to enter and compete in the international and regional markets. According to ICA survey astounding 70% of non-exporting firms noted the inability to produce to clients\u2019 standards and specifications and the high cost of meeting the clients\u2019 technical requirements among the three primary reasons for not engaging in export/import activities. Another 20% reported the high", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9221677780151367, "start": 1824, "end": 1834, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:37545", "surface": "poverty headcount", "ctx": "# **PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE** Report No.: PIDA1008 |**Project Name**|Uganda GPE Teacher and School Effectiveness Project (P133780)| |---|---| |**Region**|AFRICA| |**Country**|Uganda| |**Sector(s)**|Primary education (100%)| |**Theme(s)**|Education for all (100%)| |**Lending Instrument**|Investment Project Financing| |**Project ID**|P133780| |**Borrower(s)**|Government of Uganda| |**Implementing Agency**|Ministry of Education and Sports| |**Environmental Category**|B-Partial Assessment| |**Date PID Prepared/Updated**|31-Jul-2014| |**Date PID Approved/Disclosed**|31-Jul-2014| |**Estimated Date of Appraisal**<br>**Completion**|17-Sep-2013| |**Estimated Date of First Grant**<br>**Approval**|15-Aug-2014| |**Decision**|| # **I. Project Context** ## **Country Context** Uganda has one of the youngest populations in the world (53 percent under 15 years of age), due to a relatively high population growth rate (3.2 percent). Around 80 percent of the population is rural, making Uganda the second most rural economy in Africa. Poverty in Uganda has declined over the last 20 years. The poverty headcount declined from 56 percent in 1992 to 24 percent by", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.30445706844329834, "start": 1115, "end": 1132, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:32505", "surface": "GDDS metadata", "ctx": "# iii. Monitoring and evaluation of outcomes/results To track progress towards the desired outcomes, the PMU will regularly monitor a set of intermediate results indicators in accordance with the results framework specified in annex 3. The PMU will monitor implementation of the STATCAP project through quarterly financial management reports and annual technical audits (annex 7,) and other reports on an annual basis (annex 3). A midterm review will be prepared jointly by the government and development partners about 2\u00bd years after the project becomes effective. This will provide an in-depth assessment of progress towards desired project outcomes and will recommend measures to reorient the project if needed to ensure that it achieves its objectives. No later than four months after the Credit closing date, the PMU will prepare and provide to the Bank a report on the execution of the project, its costs and the current and future benefits to be derived from it, to be attached to the Bank\u2019s Implementation Completion Report in accordance with Bank guidelines. A set of indicators of statistical capacity building developed by the PARIS21 consortium will be used to develop a monitoring baseline, and for regular project monitoring. These indicators will be supplemented by information from other sources, including IMF Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes, IMF multisector statistical mission reports, surveys of users of statistical products, an independent assessment of statistical products against the master plan, audits of management, staff, facilities, human resource training and records, and GDDS metadata The evaluation will be carried out by an independent agency appointed by the national steering committee. _Evaluation mechanism_ . The peer groups for the evaluation of the program as a whole or its components will be appointed by the steering committee in consultation with the development partners. Its reports will be disseminated to all development partners and participating agencies, and posted on the CBS website. # iv. Sustainability The cabinet has demonstrated a strong commitment to strengthening the capacity of the CBS and other statistical", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.496505469083786, "start": 1621, "end": 1634, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:8508", "surface": "urban cadaster", "ctx": "'s transition to a marketoriented economy.** All land in Ethiopia falls under government ownership, but the Constitution allows for \u2018use rights\u2019 to be separated from ownership rights. Rural and urban lands in Ethiopia are governed by separate legal and institutional frameworks. Land use rights in urban areas can be transferred to individuals, groups (communal holdings), and private entities on a leasehold basis. Rural land, however, can only be transferred to family members (complicating the rural-urban land conversion process). As such, the state continues to own the land while creating a tradable claim on urban land, and so urban land markets emerge. 8. **In Ethiopia, the current land management system of supplying land and infrastructure for legal urban development also has several shortcomings.** Due to their limited financial resources and legal restrictions on the recognition of rights to newer settlements and developments that do not conform with local planning regulations, substantial portions of the urban and peri-urban populations have no choice but to seek housing in growing informal settlements, mostly living in slum conditions (according to international definitions). These settlements account for a large part of urban growth, with urban populations expanding outwards rather than upwards. The resulting urban expansion has further ripple effects for infrastructure and service delivery, with many slum settlements disconnected from physical and social infrastructure, including jobs. Furthermore, urban sprawl has adverse impacts on the environment, including increased congestion and pollution, increased greenhouse gas emissions, deteriorated environmental and ecological quality with reduced green spaces, and increased vulnerability to climate change. 9. **Ethiopia also has one of the lowest rates of urban property registration in Africa, with less than 2 percent of urban parcels registered in the urban cadaster while the existing Systematic Adjudication and Registration (SAR) regulation aims to increase formal property registration in urban areas, its implementation is hindered by several bottlenecks.** These include the requirement to regularize (legally recognize) land use", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3651610314846039, "start": 1939, "end": 1953, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:38499", "surface": "socio-economic indicators", "ctx": "issues linked to agricultural technology/research, implementation of reforms in extension service delivery, and farm inputs. Lessons learned from the implementation of the first phase of the APL indicate that in order to have a greater impact from the productivity growth, farmers have to be supported to link better to both input and output markets and through agribusiness development. According to the KPIA report, rural households have shown a very strong upward trend in diversification (both on- and off- farm) of economic activities in the last decade. The report also indicates that diversification as a strategy is a key driver out of poverty. The proposed second phase of the program will therefore support and encourage households to diversify into high payoff on- and off- farm activities. The Government is in the process of finalizing the ASDS and its investment plan that will facilitate and enhance the sector-wide approach. The Bank, being a major player in the sector, is being called upon to spearhead and catalyze activities that will eventually lead to the sector-wide approach. Activities that will promote sector-wide approach will be factored in the design of the proposed second phase of the program. **The design of the second phase of KAPP will assure strong governance features, focusing on four principal areas** : (i) results orientation; (ii) accountability; (iii) transparency; and (iv) participation. The results orientation activities include areas such as targeting and monitoring and evaluation against socio-economic indicators reflecting production, sales, employment, investments, etc. For accountability, the Project will include capacity building in institutional risk management, financial engineering and procurement monitoring. For transparency, it will address information dissemination and communication about Project targeting and objectives, documentation, such as a comprehensive operational manual, complaints mechanisms, and supervision and quality control of Project activities. For participation, it will support the consultation processes with the communities, decision-making processes, and social accountability. # **1. Proposed", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.14722184836864471, "start": 1539, "end": 1564, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:40578", "surface": "social registry", "ctx": "poverty and/or disaster-prone districts** . The project will use a two-tiered approach for targeting of project beneficiaries. Firstly, it will select geographic areas based on an objective criteria related to poverty prevalence, vulnerability profile of the district (to hazards especially droughts and floods), and human development and labor market indicators. Secondly, after geographic targeting is completed, > 3 World Bank Group, Country Partnership Framework for the Republic of Uganda for the Period FY16-21, Report No. 101173-UG, April 21, 2016. > 4 World Bank Group, Program Learning Review of the FY16-FY21 Country Partnership Framework, Report No. 157534-UG, dated April 30, 2021. > 5 Targeting will determine the coverage of districts and households in the social registry Page 5 of 10 Nov 30, 2022", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5716181993484497, "start": 771, "end": 786, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:2423", "surface": "Data from 2023", "ctx": "# **The World Bank** - Innovative Systems to Promote Integrated, Resilient and Enhanced Responses to Women and Girls\u2019 Health (P504281) 3. **Ethiopia reports the third highest electricity access deficit in Sub-Saharan Africa.** The greatest access deficits are found in rural and deep-rural areas. About 96 percent of urban households are connected to the grid (99.9 percent in Addis Ababa), while only 27 percent of rural households have access to electricity services. 4. **Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to climate change.** Ethiopia is one of the most drought-prone countries in the world, and the frequency and intensity of droughts are being exacerbated by climate change. Over the past 100 years, Ethiopia had experienced 19 periods of widespread and severe food shortages due to droughts, affecting an average of 1.5 million people annually. 5. Inadvertently, the health sector contributes to air pollution. Pollutants from traditional incinerators in big cities like Addis Ababa have negative impacts on the health of women and girls living in remote rural areas where particles from these pollutants have been traced in untreated waters fetched by these mothers and girls for household usage. 6. **Challenges remain in Ethiopia\u2019s digital development landscape.** Data from 2023 shows that Ethiopia had 66.80 million active cellular mobile connections; 75% of Ethiopian men and 55% of women own a cell phone. More broadly, 30.7 percent of all internet users in Ethiopia engaged with at least one social media platform in January 2023. Of the social media user base at that time, 34.1 percent were female, and 65.9 percent were male. 7. These contexts and disparities affect service delivery challenges. Reliable electricity and water are necessary to operate health facilities; women in climate-affected and rural areas are less likely to use facilities that are understaffed, lack water and electricity and functioning equipment. They are more likely", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.813692033290863, "start": 1271, "end": 1285, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:42547", "surface": "PROJECT FINANCING DATA", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Uganda Skills Development in Refugee and Host Communities (P176263) ### **BASIC INFORMATION** |**A. Basic Project DataOPS TAB**|**LE**||| |---|---|---|---| |Country<br>Uganda|Project ID<br>P176263|Parent Project ID (if any)|Project Name<br>Uganda Skills<br>Development in<br>Refugee and Host<br>Communities<br>(P176263)| |Region|Estimated Appraisal Date|Estimated Board Date|Practice Area (Lead)| |AFRICA EAST|Jan 10, 2022|Feb 08, 2022|Education| |Financing Instrument|Borrower(s)|Implementing Agency|| |Investment Project Financing|Republic of Uganda|Ministry of Education and<br>Sports|| ### **<mark>Proposed Development Objective(s)</mark>** The project development objective is to foster vocational and socio-emotional skills in an inclusive and cost-effective way among youth in Uganda's refugee and host communities (RHC). ### PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions)** |**SUMMARY-NewFin1**|| |---|---| |**Total Project Cost**|7.85| |**Total Financing**|7.85| |**of which IBRD/IDA**|0.00| |**Financing Gap**|0.00| |**DETAILS-NewFinEnh1**|| |**Non-", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.03903192654252052, "start": 852, "end": 874, "band": "drop", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:22959", "surface": "Household surveys", "ctx": "During the past two decades the capacity of Kenya\u2019s national statistical system (NSS) to produce timely, high quality, and relevant statistical information has deteriorated. <sup>1</sup> Problems include declining financial outlays to produce and disseminate statistics, inadequate professional staff at the senior management levels, and poor management. Until very recently, surveys were conducted but not analyzed, or when analyzed, the results were not released to the public in a timely manner. Some statistical products such as the Economic Survey and the Statistical Abstract have been produced without release calendars, leading to delays in releasing information to the public. Production of other statistical products such as the Statistical Digest, the Annual Trade Statistics, and the Annual Education Statistics has simply ceased. Household surveys and industrial production surveys have been conducted sporadically, depending on the availability of donor funding, since government allocations to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) were inadequate to finance these. The country\u2019s input/output tables and the social accounting matrix were last produced in 1986, while the system of national accounts used in the compilation of national accounts aggregates has not been fully revised to reflect the guidelines of the United Nations System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA93). Results of the surveys which the CBS managed to conduct were released so late they were often irrelevant in an ever changing environment. The production of statistics through the routine data systems in the line ministries also declined over time. Moreover, production of statistics by various agencies was not well coordinated, resulting in duplication of data collection efforts. In addition, annual symposiums for data users and producers, which used to be held in the 1980s to ensure that data users and data producers maintained an active dialogue, have not been held for more than a decade. To make matters worse, demand for statistics to benchmark and track implementation progress of national development initiatives and programs has substantially increased in recent years. Attempting to meet these demands has presented major challenges", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.45635366439819336, "start": 843, "end": 860, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:25048", "surface": "comprehensive data on the system", "ctx": "increase, and all students would be exposed to at least some science as a breadth requirement. The NCHE has also collected the most comprehensive data on the system and is reviewing the adequacy of science programs and laboratories as part of its quality control role. Parliament has endorsed a Government policy to direct scholarships for study in public universities increasingly towards scientific and technology disciplines, with up to 70% of scholarships for being earmarked to S&T and other areas of studies deemed to be of critical economic importance. Reform efforts under the \u201cInnovations at Makerere\u201d (I@Mak.com) program have made university curricula and teaching practices more relevant to skills needs for social development, and reduced the perception of these institutions as useless or Ivory Towers. At the same time, the Government has moved aggressively to promote private-sector driven economic expansion. The Government\u2019s Private Investors\u2019 Roundtable (PIRT) has highlighted skill quality and relevance and technology development issues for policy attention. The Ugandan Industrial Research Institute (UIRI) is being revitalized and the Government is making some modest funding available to commercialize research-based industrial innovations through the Innovation and Industrial Fund. The National Agricultural Research bill of September 2005 introduces important changes to the funding, performance, and dissemination of agricultural research. A National Agricultural Research Council (NARC) will oversee the allocation of a core research budget, 30% of which will be allocated competitively to any qualified research group. This new policy ends a monopoly on research funding previously held by government-owned agricultural research institutes. The increased competition is expected to improve policy and relevance. Six new \u201czonal\u201d research institutes are being created across the country, to assure the relevance of research to the particular needs of agro-ecological zones. A demand-driven system for disseminating research through extension has been put in place under the National Agricultural Advisory Service (NAADS). The policy changes above reflect a belief on the part of the Government that", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5338393449783325, "start": 132, "end": 164, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:32562", "surface": "ND-GAIN Country Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Uganda Climate Smart Agricultural Transformation Project (P173296) Uganda National Panel Survey (2016) found that land productivity of female managed plots was about 30 percent lower than for men within the same household. Male managed plots were on average 60 percent larger in size and 11 percent more likely to be planted with cash crops. Both use and application of improved inputs and materials were lower among female managed plots than the overall national average. **6. Uganda is one of the most vulnerable and least adapted countries to climate change, ranking 166 out of 181 countries on the ND-GAIN Country Index **.** Increasing climate variability as well as extreme weather events such as droughts or floods hit the economy hard, reduce food production, increase food prices, and contribute to an already vulnerable food security situation. Extreme weather phenomena are projected to become more frequent and intense, worsened by unsustainable land use practices and the expansion of agricultural land into other ecosystems such as forests. Soil degradation and erosion, caused by unsustainable land management, has further reduced agricultural productivity and increased vulnerability. Due to reduced soil fertility and moisture stress, crop and livestock yields in Uganda have remained low, registering only about 30 per cent of biological potential. In recent years, the lack of resilience has resulted in huge losses in livestock and crops. For instance, due to the 2010/11 drought, Uganda lost US$470 million in food crops, cash crops and livestock \u2013 the equivalent of approximately 16 percent of the total annual value of crops (OPM 2012)<sup>7</sup> . It is estimated that by 2025, the economic cost of climate change to agriculture will be in the range of US$2.3 to 4.2 billion, due to crop damage, loss of export crop revenue, loss of livestock, and unmet water", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9219210147857666, "start": 621, "end": 642, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:35435", "surface": "personnel database", "ctx": "personnel database and strengthening the capacity of internal and external audit and the Kenya Revenue Authority. There has also been progress in public sector reform through the introduction of results-based management (RBM) into the public service which has contributed to significantly more openness and transparency. Public systems have been strengthened to detect irregularities and the Government has shown initiative to act on corruption information and allegations. Recently, when fraud was discovered in the education sector, it was the Internal Audit Department of the Government that discovered the misappropriations of funds and the Ministry of Education (MOE) took immediate action to suspend the staff allegedly involved in fraud. 6. **Despite positive developments, governance and corruption remain a risk for any investment in Kenya.** There is an unfinished anticorruption agenda which includes investigating and prosecuting high-raking corrupt officials; resolving major scandals; and recovering stolen assets. The Government also needs to continue improving the governance systems; the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) is still not functioning well; and more needs to be done to improve cash management, achieve program-based budgeting, and consolidate procurement reforms. ## **The Health Sector** ## **Health Status and Trends** 7. **After a period of stagnant and even deteriorating health indicators, Kenya has recently made some significant progress.** Between 1993 and 2003, infant and under-five mortality rates increased<sup>3</sup> and life expectancy dropped by about five years. However, the period 2003 to 2007 saw a turn in these negative trends. According to the 2008 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS 2008), there were remarkable declines in underfive and infant mortality rates (from 115 to 74 and from 77 to 52 per 1000 live births, respectively). Some of the gains were probably due to the economic growth in that period, but they were also due to increases in immunization rates<s", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4001283645629883, "start": 0, "end": 18, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:2862", "surface": "Uganda National Panel Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank** National Uganda Social Action Fund (P179904) and high correlation of poverty with household size pose a monumental development challenge and there is an urgent need to introduce measures, which can bring about, and at the same time prepare the country to reap the benefits of, the future demographic dividend. 4. **The high frequency of shocks and their correlation with poverty are significant.** Systemic drivers of poverty such as drought, floods, and crop pests and diseases remain a challenge, especially in rural areas. According to the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) data (2019/20), the share of households that experienced shocks during the last decade ranged from 30 percent to 40 percent, with rural and the poorest households affected the most. These shocks frequently resulted in a decline in income and assets. To cope with the impact of these shocks, households employ a variety of strategies such as using savings, getting help from relatives and neighbors, reducing consumption, selling assets, and so on. 5. **There are persistent disparities in poverty rates by location, with rural areas and the Northern and Eastern regions exhibiting the highest poverty rates correlated with employment in subsistence activities.** In 2019/20, the poverty rate in the Northern regions was 36 percent, much higher than the urban poverty rate of 11 percent. The highest poverty rates are observed in the subregions of Acholi (67.7 percent) and Karamoja (65.7 percent) followed by Bukedi (34.7 percent) and Busoga (29.4 percent). Most rural households rely on subsistence agricultural activities, which are increasingly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Uganda\u2019s national agricultural output has grown at only 2 percent per year over a five-year pre-COVID-19 period, compared to about 3\u20135 percent output growth in other East African Community members over the same period.<sup>", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9284877181053162, "start": 562, "end": 590, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:28994", "surface": "baseline data", "ctx": "**Component Two** : Program Implementation (US$ 20.5 million): This component would make financial resources available to civil society, public sector, private sector, and research institutions, focused on initiatives in line with the KNASP. This component would include two sub-components: (a) public sector grants, and (b) civil society and private sector grants. (a) _Public sector sub-component_ : The focus of this component would involve a more strategic, focused and effective implementation of a lesser number of public sector action plans. In consultation with counterparts and key partners, the initial sectors that would be targeted by the project are: Transport, Agriculture, Education, Governance, and Health. This list follows the \u201cpriority\u201d public sector list delineated in the KNASP, following extensive discussions by the responsible Technical Working Group. It was agreed that the primary focus of this component would be on external mainstreaming. (b) _Civil society and private sector sub-component_ : This sub-component would make financial resources available to civil society, private sector, and research institutions. This program implementation component would therefore support strategically selected \u201cresults.\u201d Given that the Call for Proposal mechanism will focus on specific results, baseline data and progress towards the achievement of the result aimed for will underlie the results monitoring focus of this sub-component. It is proposed that prioritization would be done through specific calls for proposals, based priority results and coverage gaps identified during the annual JAPR process. Awarding proposals received will be done for proposals at three threshold levels, the CACC, the DTC, and national-level. **Component Three** : Partnerships for orphans and vulnerable children (US$2.0 million): This component would support the government\u2019s Conditional Cash Transfer Programme (CCT); a new social safety net in Kenya aimed at the most vulnerable children in society. The objective of the program,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08304078131914139, "start": 1314, "end": 1327, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:10655", "surface": "2019 Population and Housing Census", "ctx": "0.43 (2005-15) to 0.27 (2015-20). The Gini index fell between 2005 and 2015 and appears to have stagnated as Kenya\u2019s north and northeast counties remain significantly worse off with poverty rates just under 70 percent. Kenya performs better on the Human Capital Index (HCI) with a score of 0.55<sup>2</sup> compared to the Sub-Saharan Africa regional average of 0.4 and has almost reached the average for upper-middleincome countries (UMIC) of 0.56<sup>3</sup> . ## Sectoral and Institutional Context 3. **Kenya needs to create better quality employment for its large youth population** . Kenya is a young country with approximately 39 percent of its population under the age of 15. The largest age cohort is between 13 and 17 and will be joining the labor force over the next decade. Kenya will need to create better jobs to make best use of the > 1 Estimates are obtained from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS) 2005/06 and 2015/16; the 2019 Population and Housing Census and the 2019 Kenya Continuous Household Survey (KCHS). > 2 The Human Capital Index measures the amount of human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by age 18 and is an indicator of the effectiveness of social investments. It looks across health, education, nutrition and skills and is calculated based on five indicators: probability of survival to age 5; children's expected years of schooling; quality of learning; adult survival rate, and the proportion of children who are stunted. A child born in Kenya today will only be 55 percent as productive when she grows up as she could be if she enjoyed complete education and full health. 3 World Bank (2018). Page 3 of 10 Dec 07, 2022", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9060088396072388, "start": 957, "end": 991, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:41626", "surface": "M&E data", "ctx": ", and an Administrative Officer. Additional staff may be hired as needed. The PMU staff are contractual and have been recruited on a competitive basis as of May 2004. The PMU Director was appointed by EICTDA in March 2004. **Regional level:** In the regions, the regional capacity building bureaus will be responsible for the implementation of ICTAD project activities. It is expected that each regional bureau will assign a focal person for ICTAD project. The woreda capacity building office in the regions will be responsible for woreda level activities. Depending on the level of activities the woreda capacity building offices will assign a focal person for ICTAD activities. Staff requirement could be kept flexible depending on regional and business needs. The Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist will engage in secondary backstopping based on i) information stemming from reports and M&E data to be submitted by communities implementing accepted proposals and ii) the supplied data as specified in Annex I of the PAD which will be used for analytical purposes indicating developments important to the achievements of component outcomes and the project development objective. To ensure that proposals submitted by communities make provisions for M&E, templates will be designed by the M&E Officer and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.40384241938591003, "start": 892, "end": 900, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:17678", "surface": "MoE progress report", "ctx": "Group (LDG) have been in discussions with the FTI Secretariat and are requesting the additional allocation in the spring of 2010 to finance the implementation of the GEQIP. As such, the LDG has endorsed the FTI CF grant application based on the description, activities, and rationale outlined in this Project Paper (see Schedule D Local Donor Group Endorsement Letter). _3. Status of Project Components_ The first joint annual review of the implementation status of the GEQIP was held December 14-16, 2009, with development partners and federal and regional government representatives. This involved a comprehensive review of the Program, with an Annual Progress Report confirming that achievement of the development objective and overall implementation progress are rated satisfactory and moderately satisfactory respectively - the latter rating due to initial delays in meeting the conditions of effectiveness of the Credit. In addition, a recent review of the Project\u2019s Results Framework and Annual Work Plans showed good implementation progress towards the initially agreed targets. Some of the results shown to date, based on the MoE progress report of February, 2010, are highlighted in the components below: **_Component 1: Curriculum, Textbooks, and Assessment_** . A National Curriculum Framework has been approved by the MOE. To date, the Government has awarded the contract for the first two textbook procurement packages in the amount of approximately US$19.0 million. In February, international bids will be opened for textbook contracts", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4479585587978363, "start": 1135, "end": 1154, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:3370", "surface": "national household budget survey", "ctx": "|**Estimated Date of**<br>**Board Approval**|20-Jan-2016| |**Concept Review**<br>**Decision**|Track II - The review did authorize the preparation to continue| ## **I. Introduction and Context** ### **Country Context** Although poverty rates in Kenya seem to have fallen, formidable challenges at reducing poverty, in particular in rural areas, remain. Kenya\u2019s poverty reduction from 47 percent in 2005/6 to about 39 percent based on best estimates in 2012/13 , has been driven by solid growth across most of the economy, but improvements in income are not evenly shared amongst people but also amongst regions and inequality appears to be rising . The scale of consumption poverty in Kenya is staggering, and is concentrated in rural areas. Based on the last national household budget survey close to half of the population (nearly 17 million Kenyans) was poor in 2005, the vast majority of the poor lived in rural areas, and were more likely to depend on income and consumption from crops and livestock, as a source of livelihood. Revised poverty estimates indicate that nearly 4 in 10 Kenyans continue to live in extreme poverty. Poverty levels are highest in arid and semi-arid areas, Page 1 of 7", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8763125538825989, "start": 759, "end": 791, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:9243", "surface": "attendance sheets", "ctx": "for women; and iv) oversee the childcare centers. - **The Ministry of Finance** is responsible for overall financial management and reporting and for the channeling of PSNP resources to the implementing agencies at federal and regional levels.<sup>17</sup> It also commissions the audits of the cash resources for the PSNP and emergency response. The MOF will also play a role in developing and overseeing a drought risk financing strategy. - **The Commodity Management Coordination Office**<sup>**18**</sup> on instruction from the FSCD will procure, manage and transport government managed food commodities both for PSNP\u2019s core caseload and for temporary beneficiaries to whom the program scales up to in response to drought. - **The National Disaster Risk Management Commission** within the Ministry of Peace has overall responsibility for the coordination of Disaster Risk Management activities, including the consolidation and dissemination of early warning information and ensuring timely release of any assessments of need. - **The Jobs Creation Commission and the Rural Job Opportunities Commission** will be responsible for technical support to implementation of the wage employment pathway. - **Regional Bureaus and Woreda Offices corresponding to each line Ministry/ Agency are responsible for the implementation of program activities.** They are accountable to subnational governments (Regional and Woreda level). > 17 Regional Bureaus distribute the budgets to woredas. For payments to beneficiaries Woreda Offices of Agriculture process the attendance sheets (received from kebeles) for payrolls preparation. Woreda Offices of Finance make payments to beneficiaries through cashiers in the case of manual payments, or transfer funds to payment service providers in the case of e-payments. > 18 The CMCU currently sits within the NDRMC but there is some discussion about it moving to the Ministry of Agriculture. Whatever its line management arrangements, its responsibilities regarding the PSNP will remain the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.44680464267730713, "start": 1555, "end": 1572, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13258", "surface": "Human Development Index", "ctx": "much lower, keeping it down remains a major objective for monetary policy. Ethiopia is one of the world's poorest countries, but has made substantial progress on social and human development over the past decade. The country\u2019s per capita income of US$370 per is substantially lower than the regional average of US$1,257 and among the ten lowest worldwide. Ethiopia is ranked 173 out of 187 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). However, high economic growth has helped reduce poverty, in both urban and rural areas. Since 2005, 2.5 million people have been lifted out of poverty, and the share of the population below the poverty line has fallen from 38.7 percent in 2004/05 to 29.6 percent in 2010/11 (using a poverty line of US$0.6/day). However, because of high population growth the absolute number of poor (about 25 million) has remained unchanged over the past fifteen years. Ethiopia is among the countries that have made the fastest progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and HDI ranking over the past decade. It is on track to achieve the MDGs related to gender parity in education, child mortality, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Good progress has been achieved in universal primary education, although the MDG target may not be met. The reduction of maternal mortality remains a key challenge. GoE is currently implementing its ambitious Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP; 2010/11-2014/15), which sets a long-term goal of becoming a middle-income country by 2023, with growth rates of at least 11.2 percent per annum during the plan period. To achieve the GTP goals and objectives, GoE has followed a \u201cdevelopmental state\u201d model with a strong role for the government in many aspects of the economy. It has prioritized key sectors such", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9485893249511719, "start": 407, "end": 430, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:2413", "surface": "Ethiopian Investment Authority data", "ctx": "5. The war has had a significant negative impact on the Ethiopian economy, which had performed well between 1992-1998. Defense spending, which had reached a low of 2.5 percent of GDP in 1996-97, rose to 8.7 percent in 199899 and as high as 13.3 percent in 1999-00. Consequently, the fiscal deficit rose to 6.9 percent in 1998-99 and to almost 12 percent in 1999-00. The preemptive demands of defense expenditure were financed by cuts in discretionary recurrent expenditure and in capital expenditure. 6. The conflict has exacted a heavy toll on the private sector. Economic uncertainty and balance of payments constraints eroded investor confidence, as evidenced by the significant fall in new investments that have commenced operations. Ethiopian Investment Authority data indicate that these fell from a high of 2.9 billion Birr in 1997-98 to 0.5 billion Birr in the first nine months of 1999-00. Finally, the balance of payments came under severe pressure with foreign exchange reserves declining by nearly US$100 million between 1998-99 and 1999-00, bringing import cover to as low as two months. The Government prevented any sharp depreciation in the exchange rate through a number of controls and non-price barriers. 3. Humanitarian Impact 7. The main areas affected during the conflict on the Ethiopian side, along the 1,000 km border between the two countries, were: (i) the Western Zone of Tigray Region; (ii) the Eastern Zone of Tigray Region; and (iii) the eastern border section of the Afar Region. According to the latest estimates provided by the Government of Ethiopia, approximately 364,000 civilians were displaced in the course of the conflict. As many as 50 percent of the internally displaced persons (IDP) population may still be displaced. 8. In addition, over 75,000 persons of Ethiopian origin who had been residing in Eritrea", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.858854353427887, "start": 738, "end": 773, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:27484", "surface": "Financial and Economic Analysis Data", "ctx": "Documents** # **A. Bank Staff Assessments** - Project Preparation Back to Office Reports and Aide Memoires - Financial Management Assessment - Procurement Capacity Assessment - Project Information Document (PID) - Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS) - Financial and Economic Analysis Data # **B. Project Implementation Documents** - Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) - Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) - Draft Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) (in preparation) - Draft Communications Strategy (in preparation) # **C. Other documents/Studies carried out** - Towards a Water Secure Kenya \u2013 Water Resources Sector Memorandum (April 2004), World Bank Report No. 28398-KE - Review of the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector - Republic of Kenya Indigenous (2000) - Water Act (2002) - Public Officers Ethics Act (2003) - Companies Act (1962) - The Water (Plan of Transfer of Water Services) Rules, 2005 [the \u2018Transfer Plan\u2019] - Draft National Water Services Strategy 2007 -2015 * _By supporting the proposed project, the Bank does not intend to prejudice the final determination of the parties\u2019 claims on the disputed areas_", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06037455052137375, "start": 256, "end": 292, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:26784", "surface": "meta data", "ctx": "the SP and the draft Statistics Bill. The country is participating in the GDDS and its meta data has already been placed on the IMF Website. Its willingness to participate in other global monitoring activities is outlined in Annex 1. ii. Project development objective and key indicators. The project\u2019s development objective is to create an efficient and effective national statistical system to provide reliable, timely, and accurate data in line with international good practice and frameworks and needs of users. The specific objectives of the proposed project are to support the government\u2019s efforts to: - Develop a robust, coordinated, effective and demand driven national statistical system, and provide services that are accountable to multiple users. - Produce impartial, credible, consistent and accessible statistical data and information in a timely and cost-effective manner. - Encourage data producers to build partnerships with data users such as research and academic institutions with a view to building of a sustainable data and information sharing system. - Create synergy through the establishment of both vertical and horizontal linkages among data producers in the country. - Harness new developments in information and communication technology to improve the methods of data collection, processing, packaging, and dissemination to users. The project will consolidate and complement the efforts previously undertaken by the Kenya government and bilateral and multilateral organizations and support actions that are specified in the Strategic Plan. Key performance indicators include: - Satisfaction of users of statistical information increases compared with a baseline. - Significant progress in establishing a robust annual process of monitoring the IP-ERS. - Clear increase in the use of statistical information through, for example, evidence of improved quality of spending. - Continued participation in the IMF\u2019s General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) and regular updating and publication of the GDDS metadata in line with the recommendations of the system. iii. Project components The project comprises six components: (a) organizational development (b) human resource development; (c) development of statistical infrastructure; (d) data", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.26219701766967773, "start": 87, "end": 96, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:2939", "surface": "EDRI survey of micro and small enterprises", "ctx": "this, the Office of the Prime Minister will formally submit the Memorandum to the WTO, which will launch the accession process. Further, recognizing the size of the challenge ahead, the GOE has decided to create a well-staffed department devoted to this task within MoTI. This process is still ongoing and will be assisted by the public sector reform program. _Weak Enterprise Skills and Institutional Support to PSD_ The results of ICA clearly show that productivity and competitiveness of SMEs in Ethiopia are among the key constraints to their growth and development. The reasons for Ethiopia\u2019s labor productivity shortfall are manifold: (i) manufacturing businesses are too small and consequently lack the economies of scale of their foreign counterparts; (ii) Ethiopia\u2019s factory workers are far less equipped than their counterparts elsewhere with machines, tools, or space. However, the largest contributor to the productivity gap are differences in skill levels. Indeed, according to the EDRI survey of micro and small enterprises (2004) nearly 90% of the operators did not receive any pre or post vocational or technical training. For these reasons, capacity building (CB) is of critical importance for Ethiopia to meet its growth and poverty reduction objectives. Ethiopia probably has one of the least-developed business development services (BDS) markets in the world. Currently, CB for the individual firm consists mainly of open training courses and limited assistance with business planning supplied by public-sector entities at highly subsidized fee rates. As a result, private supply of BDS\u2019s has barely started to develop. Lack of BDS services facilitating knowledge and technology transfer severely limits the potential of firms to enter and compete in the international and regional markets. According to ICA survey, astounding 70% of non-exporting firms noted the inability to produce to clients\u2019 standards and specifications and the high cost of meeting the clients\u2019 technical requirements among the three primary reasons for not engaging in export/import activities. Another 20% reported the high", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9457942843437195, "start": 995, "end": 1037, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:21598", "surface": "aerial imagery from 2004/2005", "ctx": "property taxation.\u201d The Reporter, March 4, 2023. https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/31743/ > 18 Abraha et al. 2022. Rapid Urbanization and the Growing Water Risk Challenges in Ethiopia: The Need for Water Sensitive Thinking. 19 World Bank. 2017. Safe and Resilient Cities in Ethiopia. 20 In Addis Ababa 52 percent of settlements informally constructed. Informal settlements were also found in all the regional capital cities, with Jigjiga (14.4 percent), Adama (11.6 percent), and Harar (8 percent). (World Bank. 2019. Unlocking Ethiopia's Urban Land and Housing Markets) 21 E.g., government offices, _kebele_ houses, open areas, roads, rivers, water bodies, green spaces, sporting facilities, \u201cold possession,\u201d rural rights. 22 While Amhara and Oromia have recently integrated the land registration and rights creation institutions, this reform is not yet fully implemented. 23 For example, the right creation institution in Addis Ababa relies on aerial imagery from 2004/2005 while the land registration institution uses imagery from 2018. (Chekole et al. 2021. Analyzing the Effects of Institutional Merger: Case of Cadastral Information Registration and Landholding Right Providing Institutions in Ethiopia.) 25 Including, in particular, the Korean Economic Development and Cooperation Fund (EDCF)-financed Land Information Management System (LIMS) Project, which will finance LIS development and build new CORS in four cities (Adama, Hawassa, Bahir Dar, and Wolaita Sodo). ILMP investments in these cities will thus focus on land regularization and registration of parcels not yet titled and ensure the sustainability and scaling up of the EDCFfinanced CORS stations and LIS, respectively. Page 6 of 12 Nov 16, 2023", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5886715054512024, "start": 949, "end": 978, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:4444", "surface": "mobile subscriptions", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Kenya Digital Economy Acceleration Project (P170941) # Sectoral and Institutional Context Aiming to accelerate digital transformation and consolidating the country\u2019s reputation as the \u201cSilicon Savannah\u201d, Kenya has launched in 2019 its Digital Economy Blueprint, outlining a vision and roadmap for the creation of \u201ca nation where every citizen, enterprise and organization has digital access and the capability to participate and thrive in the digital economy.\u201d Building on this blueprint, the country is also developing a Digital Economy Strategy emphasizing the need for digital inclusion. The Blueprint identifies five priority pillars: digital business, infrastructure, digital government, innovation-driven entrepreneurship, and digital skills and values. The Digital Economy strategy identifies key risks of a digital divide relating to connectivity, skills, access to digital devices and affordability, and proposes prioritizing policy and regulations focused on addressing these challenges. Achieving this ambitious vision will require significant private and public investments and reforms to close the broadband connectivity divide. It will also require focused efforts to improve uptake, accessibility and user experience for e-government services. Likewise, the growing privacy and security risks of the digital era will need to be mitigated to boost digital businesses. Highlights of the key challenges to be tackled and opportunities to be harnessed are outlined below: # **<u>Closing the broadband connectivity divide</u>** Further efforts on both the supply and demand side are needed to close the broadband access divide. Approximately 85% of the population is now covered with a 3G or higher signal and broadband uptake has risen to 42.8%, primarily through mobile subscriptions The country was an early mover in liberalizing the sector, unlocking a wave of private investment in mobile networks. Strategic public investments in the national fiber optic backbone infrastructure (NOFBI) and one of the first submarine cables on Africa\u2019s East coast (EASSY) helped increase network reach and bandwidth and dramatically reduced the costs for wholesale international and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7487184405326843, "start": 1794, "end": 1814, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:11839", "surface": "Kenya Poverty and Inequality Assessment", "ctx": "# **PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE** ||Report No.: AB4012| |---|---| |**Project Name**|Kenya Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children| |**Region **|AFRICA| |**Sector**|Other social services(100%)| |**Project ID**|P111545| |**Borrower(s)**|Government of Kenya| |**Implementing Agency**|Department of Children Services, Ministry of Gender, Children<br>and Social Development| |**Environment Category**|[ ]A [ ]B [X]C[ ]FI[ ]TBD(to be determined)| |**Date PID Prepared**|January29,2009| |**Date of Appraisal**<br>**Authorization**|December 18, 2008| |**Date of Board Approval **|April 16,2009| # **1. Country and Sector Background** # **Economic Development and Poverty** 1. The Kenyan economy grew in the period 2003 - 2007, after a prolonged period of stagnation, but the country\u2019s economic progress was undermined in 2008, due to the postelection violence and turmoil in the international markets. In addition, poverty and inequality are major challenges for Kenya. Almost half of Kenya\u2019s population, of 35.5 million people, lives in poverty, and nearly 20 percent live in extreme poverty, according to the recent Kenya Poverty and Inequality Assessment (KPIA) 2008.<sup>1</sup> # **Orphans and Vulnerable Children** 2. Kenya now has a growing number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). An estimated 1.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8867902159690857, "start": 1143, "end": 1182, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:41899", "surface": "social indicators", "ctx": "framework. This new dimension focuses on appropriate financing modalities and expenditure mix, reforms, policies and actions within basic service sectors as well as of a cross-cutting nature. _Importance of staying engaged_ . During periods of uncertainty or macroeconomic strain, experience highlights the need to maintain the provision of basic social services for the poor. A significant decline in social indicators can cause long-term damage which spans generations, aggravates tensions within society and impacts neighboring countries. A focused engagement on service delivery during a period of social stress can also contribute to the longer-term goal of building greater social cohesion and solidarity, and can also help to prevent erosion of human capital which would in turn adversely affect long-term economic growth. 9. Safeguard Policies (including public consultation) |**Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project**|Yes|No| |---|---|---| |Environmental Assessment<br>(OP<br>/BP<br>4.01)|[X]|[ ]| |Natural Habitats (OP<br>/BP<br>4.04)|[ ]|[X]| |Pest Management(OP 4.09<br>)|[X]|[ ]| |Physical Cultural Resources(OP/BP 4.11<br>)|[ ]|[X]| |Involuntary Resettlement(OP<br>/BP<br>4.12)|[X]|[ ]| |Indigenous Peoples(OP<br>/BP<br>4.10)|[ ]|[ X]| |Forests(OP<br>/BP<br>4.36)|[ ]|[ X]| |Safety of Dams (OP<br>/BP<br>4.37)<br>|[ ]|[ X", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.11191877722740173, "start": 402, "end": 419, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:4884", "surface": "extensive data", "ctx": "10), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, National Food Security Strategy, Policy on Pastoral Development, and the State of the Environment Report. At the international level, Ethiopia ratified the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in June 1997 and it has finalized its National Action Programme to Combat Desertification. These measures signal Ethiopia\u2019s commitment to work with other nations to address the issue of land degradation, particularly in drylands. **Rationale for a sustainable land management program** : The need for a comprehensive sustainable land management program in Ethiopia is urgent because of the following reasons: **_(a) Conserving the soil in a difficult topography_** : The intrinsic nature of most soils in Ethiopia, such as steep topography and the volcanic nature of the soils in much of the highlands make them vulnerable to high rates of erosion. It is estimated that about 1.5 - 1.9 billion tons/annum of soil is lost because of water and wind erosion, particularly on about 70% of the land, which is relatively fragile and vulnerable to desertification. Therefore, sound land management practices have to be an integral part of land use in Ethiopia. **_(b) Improving and sustaining agricultural growth_** : Agriculture is the main driver of economic growth in Ethiopia, accounting for about 40% of GDP. Improvements in land management are critical to improve and maintain agricultural productivity because land degradation hinders agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods, particularly for 85 percent of the population who depend on subsistence agriculture and livestock husbandry. Estimates indicate that on average, 2-3% percent of agriculture GDP is lost annually because of land degradation. This negative trend must be reversed. In fact, there are extensive data indicating that crop yields in Ethiopia can double in food secure and increase by 50% in food insecure areas if the existing extension package (improved seed and inorganic fertilizer) is combined with better soil and water", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8611538410186768, "start": 1812, "end": 1826, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:8409", "surface": "National Labor Force Survey", "ctx": "safety net system, with the rural Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) at the core of its investments.** PSNP was launched in 2005 with the intention of addressing rural food insecurity and reducing the need for humanitarian appeals. Over the years, the program expanded to cover about eight million direct beneficiaries from 2.5 million rural households in 40 percent of the country\u2019s districts (woredas), with public works and livelihoods diversification, in addition to a crucial safety net for the most vulnerable. The Urban Productive Safety Net and Jobs Project (P169943) reaches 1.7 million individuals and was introduced in > 5 Estimates on Ethiopia\u2019s population differ, with an outdated national census. The National Labor Force Survey reports a total population of 98 million, while OCHA United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs estimates it at 105 million. > 6 Ethiopia: Employment in urban and rural Ethiopia (2021) / CEM (2022) > 7 Working Today for a Better Tomorrow in Ethiopia: Jobs for Poor and Vulnerable Households, 2023 Page 3 Official Use Only", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8641853928565979, "start": 717, "end": 744, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:42030", "surface": "Ethiopian Socio-Economic Survey", "ctx": "mark>_ per capita at the primary education level, compared to the Sub-Saharan Africa average of US$586 in PPP. In health, spending per capita increased nearly six-fold between 2000 and 2017, <mark>US$5.6 to US$33, which is a quarter of the average for SSA countries and still far below the US$86 per capita spending estimated to avail essential health services in low income countries.</mark> The Government also works with Development Partners (DPs) to ensure additional investment in sector-specific programs for human development. In health, donor contributions account for 35 percent of spending in the health care system.<sup>47</sup> In PPP, Ethiopia spent US$66 in 2017 on health.<sup>48</sup> > 41 UNICEF, National Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Ethiopia, 2019. Cited in the UNICEF National Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Ethiopia with the following reference: Central Statistical Agency/Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. 2019. Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey 2015/16 and Ethiopian Socio-Economic Survey (ESS) 2015/16. > 42 Education Statistics Annual Abstract 2017/18 43 Kassa et al. Globalization and Health (2016) 12:5 DOI 10.1186/s12992-016-0142-3. Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young People with Disability in Ethiopia: A Study on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice: A Cross Sectional Study 44 3.2 million children in pre-primary schools, 20.1 million students in primary schools, 2.8 million secondary school students, 292,000 technical and vocational education and training students, and 902,000 students in tertiary institutions. 45 Per capita spending on education is still low; and a significant share of education spending goes to higher education. > 46 The equivalent amount in USD is $40 based on data from MoE", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8916438817977905, "start": 1026, "end": 1057, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:6670", "surface": "Rainfall data", "ctx": "5. While wasting remained unchanged at 11%, stunting among children under 5 years of age declined from 52% in 2000 to about 47% in 2005. Underweight prevalence in under-5 children reduced from an estimated 45% in 1995 to 38% in 2005, a change of 0.8 percentage point reduction per year. High population growth rates have contributed to a decline in farm sizes, while environmental degradation has deepened. Climatic variability is also high. Rainfall data for the period 1967 to 2000 indicates that annual variability in rainfall across different zones in Ethiopia ranged from a low of 15% to a high of 81% \u2013 among the highest in the world. The larger the coefficient of variation in rainfall, the lower is household income and consumption (Poverty Assessment, World Bank 2005). In addition to the failure of the rains, health risks \u2013 including both malaria and HIV/AIDS \u2013 exacerbate the vulnerability of the poor, driving many thousands of people into poverty traps. However, Ethiopia needs at least a 1.5 percentage points reduction in underweight prevalence per year \u2013 about double the present rate \u2013 to reach the 2015 target for MDG 1. And, despite the recent improvements, Ethiopia still has among the highest rates of malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is responsible for 137,000 child deaths a year. Stunting, one of the markers of PEM and largely irreversible after age 2, afflicts 47% of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8894577622413635, "start": 442, "end": 455, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:24925", "surface": "World Development Indicators", "ctx": ", and academic institutions; and (d) upgrading and developing statistical operations and procedures. # **3. Rationale for Bank Involvement** Producing data that are comparable across countries requires global knowledge, a partnership approach, and a long-term commitment to develop the system. The Bank is uniquely placed to play a key role in all three areas: - _Knowledge_ . The Bank has broad knowledge of statistical systems of many countries worldwide through its long support for the development of national statistical systems. The Bank leads efforts to develop statistics that are comparable across countries, through programs such as the World Development Indicators and the International Comparison Program. As a major user of economic and social statistical information, the Bank also has knowledge of a country\u2019s needs for capacity building and understanding of how to build the needed capacity. - _Partnership approach_ . The Bank has a strong commitment to the partnership approach, as demonstrated by its leadership role in Kenya\u2019s Donor Coordination Group; by its", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.22606445848941803, "start": 647, "end": 675, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:38352", "surface": "National teledensity", "ctx": "year period from 1998-2000. National teledensity has reached 0.99 telephones per 100 population, when both fixed and cellular lines are taken into account. This puts Uganda above the average teledensity for Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding South Africa) which stood at 0.60 in 1999. However, the vast majority of these lines are concentrated in the Kampala area. Thus, as of mid-2001, fewer than half of Uganda's 920 sub-counties (each of which has an average population of 20,000) have telephone service.Internet access. The market for Internet access in Uganda is competitive but currently small with some 6,000 subscribers and six principal Internet Service Providers (ISP), the two largest of which are Infocom and Africa Online with 4,000 and 1,500 customers respectively. ISP services are currently limited to the Kampala area due to the absence of Points of Presence elsewhere in the country. However, AFSAT provides satellite based access to corporate clients throughout the country, while Bushnet provides HF Radio based email accounts for users in remote rural areas. Commercial cybercafes have become commonplace in Kampala, but are virtually unheard of in rural areas. The cost of Internet access at these establishments has been coming down and is currently U.Sh.50 per minute (equivalent to US$1.80 per hour).Sector reform. The GOU has recently undertaken substantial and successful structural reforms in the telecommunications sector, with WB assistance under the recently completed 'Enterprise Development' Technical Assistance Loan (Number 23150). The 1997 Uganda Communications Act provided for the incorporation and privatization of Uganda Telecommunications Limited (UTL), and required the introduction of competition in basic telecommunications service provision, initially through a licensed duopoly with a 'dual' exclusivity period running through until July 2005. In 1998, a license was awarded to MTN Uganda to become the country's second national operator. The 1997 Act also led", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3478206694126129, "start": 28, "end": 48, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:43991", "surface": "PROJECT FINANCING DATA", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Ethiopia Resilient Landscapes and Livelihoods Project - II (P174385) ## **BASIC INFORMATION** |**A. Basic Project DataOPS TAB**|**LE**||| |---|---|---|---| |Country|Project ID|Parent Project ID (if any)|Project Name| |Ethiopia|P174385||Ethiopia Resilient<br>Landscapes and<br>Livelihoods Project - II<br>(P174385)| |Region|Estimated Appraisal Date|Estimated Board Date|Practice Area (Lead)| |AFRICA EAST|Aug 25, 2020|Sep 25, 2020|Environment, Natural<br>Resources & the Blue<br>Economy| |Financing Instrument|Borrower(s)|Implementing Agency|| |Investment Project Financing|Ministry of Finance|Ministry of Agriculture|| ## **Proposed Development Objective(s)** To improve climate resilience, land productivity and carbon storage, and increase access to diversified livelihood activities in selected rural watersheds. ## PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions)** |**SUMMARY-NewFin1**|| |---|---| |**Total Project Cost**|165.24| |**Total Financing**|165.24| |**of which IBRD/IDA**|0.00| |**Financing Gap**|0.00| |**DETAILS-NewFinEnh1**|| |**Non-World Bank Group Financing**|| |Trust Funds|165.24| |Green Climate Fund|165.24|", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.025298278778791428, "start": 838, "end": 860, "band": "drop", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:21747", "surface": "administrative data", "ctx": "Related to this is the need to strengthen key monitoring tools. The Financial Roving Audit, which should be performed on a quarterly basis, will have the task of auditing transactions and payments from the program to beneficiaries, reconciling household information with administrative data This will provide regular information on the soundness of one of the program\u2019s critical fiduciary control instruments at the local-level; the attendance and pay-roll system. Ensuring that the newly computerized payroll system, which has already been rolled out, is used systematically will be closely related to this. **_Building program management._** The PSNP is implemented by three government agencies, which include the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, the Food Security Program Directorate, and the Natural Resource Management Department. While implementation is focused at the local-level, the role of the Federal Government in coordinating and managing the program is often underestimated and these agencies remain under-capacitated. Further work will be needed as part of the design and preparation of the next APL III operation to build the capacity of all agencies at the federal level to manage and coordinate the program effectively, particularly in areas relating to financial management, procurement, and monitoring and evaluation. A new regional level Capacity Building facility (to be financed by CIDA) will be established as part of Phase III, which will focus sizable and dedicated resources on building human resource and management capacity at sub-national levels. Efforts to move towards a system of performance benchmarking, regular dissemination of performance results, and non-monetary incentives for improving performance (participating in training, missions, or leading crossregional learning exercises) will be developed. **_Consolidating risk financing and links to the early warning system_** _._ 2008 was in many ways a proof of concept for risk financing in the PSNP and for moving towards a model based on a scaleable program. In the face of a localized drought and unprecedented food price", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4720095694065094, "start": 271, "end": 290, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:30898", "surface": "data collected", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Uganda Learning Acceleration Program (ULEARN) (P179397) (ii) a Teacher Effectiveness and Learner Achievement (TELA) system to monitor attendance of teachers and head teachers and timetable implementation in real time on a daily basis; (iii) an e-Inspection system to monitor and record data on status of teaching and learning, quality of education delivery and general management of the school against target indicators; and (iv) a Teacher Management Information System (TMIS) which acts as an HR system for teachers and can be used to determine the demand for teachers at primary and secondary level and to inform teacher professional development. These systems are complemented by learning systems including the e-learning system developed during COVID-19 pandemic to offer remote learning, a teacher training system and financial management systems. 18. **However, these systems have not reached their potential to provide effective monitoring of service delivery and inform decision-making** . Despite the existence of these system and the data collected it is difficult to get a clear picture of what is going on in the schools and how the data are being used for effective system improvement and accountability. This is caused by several factors including a lack of clear policy and standards on the use of data for decision-making; siloed information systems which do not speak to one another; a lack unique identifiers for students, teachers and schools, which makes it difficult to identify, track and correct performance issues; lack of devices, connectivity and digital skills to collect, use and transmit data at the school and teacher level; limited data analytics capabilities and skills; and weak coordination of the ICT agenda. 19. **Uganda has committed to improving equitable access and basic learning outcomes, supported by improved system management** . The ESSP is based on the strategic goals of the NSP III, including the target of increasing LAYS from 4.5 to", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.20377352833747864, "start": 1063, "end": 1077, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:17387", "surface": "industrial production surveys", "ctx": "During the past two decades the capacity of Kenya\u2019s national statistical system (NSS) to produce timely, high quality, and relevant statistical information has deteriorated.<sup>1</sup> Problems include declining financial outlays to produce and disseminate statistics, inadequate professional staff at the senior management levels, and poor management. Until very recently, surveys were conducted but not analyzed, or when analyzed, the results were not released to the public in a timely manner. Some statistical products such as the Economic Survey and the Statistical Abstract have been produced without release calendars, leading to delays in releasing information to the public. Production of other statistical products such as the Statistical Digest, the Annual Trade Statistics, and the Annual Education Statistics has simply ceased. Household surveys and industrial production surveys have been conducted sporadically, depending on the availability of donor funding, since government allocations to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) were inadequate to finance these. The country\u2019s input/output tables and the social accounting matrix were last produced in 1986, while the system of national accounts used in the compilation of national accounts aggregates has not been fully revised to reflect the guidelines of the United Nations System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA93). Results of the surveys which the CBS managed to conduct were released so late they were often irrelevant in an ever changing environment. The production of statistics through the routine data systems in the line ministries also declined over time. Moreover, production of statistics by various agencies was not well coordinated, resulting in duplication of data collection efforts. In addition, annual symposiums for data users and producers, which used to be held in the 1980s to ensure that data users and data producers maintained an active dialogue, have not been held for more than a decade. To make matters worse, demand for statistics to benchmark and track implementation progress of national development initiatives and programs has substantially increased in recent years. Attempting to meet these demands has presented major challenges", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6168799996376038, "start": 864, "end": 893, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18134", "surface": "food security data", "ctx": "(NSPP) from 2014 and accompanying Strategy and Action Plan for the sector have charted a significant expansion of social protection to cover a larger proportion of the population and a wider range of risks, thereby ensuring that Ethiopia\u2019s strong economic performance is accompanied by a sustained reduction in poverty and vulnerability. The policy recognizes the > 1 Unless otherwise noted, food security data come from the IPC Ethiopia note: _Ethiopia: Acute Food Insecurity Situation: October - December 2020 and Projections for January - June 2021 and July - September 2021_ , available at: <u>http://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1152948/?iso3=ETH.</u> Page 4 of 12 Jun 07, 2021", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5502437353134155, "start": 392, "end": 410, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:14137", "surface": "baseline data", "ctx": "Bank\u2019s active engagement in the transport and urban sectors over the last two decades u</mark> nderpins the** **<mark>proposed urban mobility project</mark>** <mark>. The Kenya Transport Sector Support Project (KTSSP, P124109) and National Urban Transport Improvement Project (NIUTRIP, P126321) supported the establishment of the Nairobi Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (NaMATA), development of the Commuter Rail Master Plan for Nairobi, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Master Plan for Nairobi, and the pre-feasibility study of BRT line 1 with the specification of buses. The Nairobi Metropolitan Services Improvement Project (NaMSIP, P107314) supported the concept of l</mark> and use plans around commuter stations and financed 10 commuter rail stations with the installation of a fare collection system. Kenya Informal Settlements Improvement Project (P113542) and NaMSIPs provided non-motorized transport infrastructure across the country to improve the living conditions of urban residents. The Kenya Urban Transport Policy Dialogue (P172218) developed a strategy for short to long-term urban mobility engagements in the country through intensive consultation with the GoK, which is the foundation of this proposed project. Additional analytical work on Gender in Urban Transport (P167893) complemented the proposed project to pursue inclusive mobility, providing baseline data for such an endeavor. Page 7 of 15 Mar 17, 2023", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.12259504199028015, "start": 1387, "end": 1400, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:30004", "surface": "Poverty Assessment study", "ctx": "## **Relationship with the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS)** 6. Economic Growth and Infrastructure. The GoK\u2019s priorities and long term development strategy is stipulated in its Vision 2030 blueprint. A critical thrust of Vision 2030 is to accelerate growth through increased investment in infrastructure. This is to support the main pillars of Vision 2010 including the economic pillar that aims at achieving economic growth of 10 percent per annum. The Kenya Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) of March 2010 supports the implementation of the GoK\u2019s development strategy. It underscores the need for improvement of the core infrastructure. The CPS notes that an efficient transport interconnection through a network of roads, railways, airports and ports is essential to support integration and economic growth of the region. The business community in Kenya has repeatedly pointed to the poor road network as one of the major constraints to the growth of their businesses. Underinvestment in infrastructure, including maintenance, has increased the cost of doing business, undermined competitiveness and adversely affects trade. 7. The CPS reinforces the Vision 2030 objective of building modern, high-quality and efficient infrastructure to facilitate access to markets. Emphasis is on rehabilitation of the road network, transforming airports and ports to create hubs for a modern economy, among others. Similarly, the 2008-09 Multi-Donor Infrastructure diagnostic for Kenya revealed that GDP growth would expand by 2 percentage points with improved infrastructure and that maintenance would provide the highest medium-term returns. Furthermore, the Poverty Assessment study in Kenya showed that improved infrastructure is associated with the movements out of poverty, and with improved water supply and sanitation it would dramatically improve human health, the environment, and the economy. An efficient transport network is therefore required to facilitate business, trade and movement of people. 8. Rapidly Growing Civil Aviation Industry. The civil aviation industry has been growing exponentially in the last five years as evidenced by the increased number of aircrafts that continue to be registered in Kenya and the increase", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8248474597930908, "start": 1655, "end": 1679, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34419", "surface": "2005 Road Financing Study", "ctx": "domestic transport burden for women; (iii) increased opportunity for wider range of alternative income and diversification of agriculture \u2013 resulted in higher prices for commercial sales of agricultural produce and decreased agricultural inputs. 36. Despite various success stories, there are some serious capacity issues identified in pilot project \u2013 based on which the Protection of Basic Services Phase 2 (PBS-2) Project will support strengthening of wereda administrations in the coming 3 years. However, there are few local contractors at wereda level \u2013 necessitating establishment and training of local small labor-based (LB) contractors which will be supported under APL4. 37. _Maintenance needs and funding_ : Under APL1, a road financing study was conducted (2004/05) and a road user charge level was determined. However, as a result of an expanded network and recent cost increase, it is estimated that, if this trend prevails, the maintenance expenditure would exceed RF revenue from 2009/10. There is need therefore to update the 2005 Road Financing Study to identify maintenance needs and required funding arrangement. 38. _Road safety_ : Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest accident fatalities in the world losing about 2,000 lives each year. The Government requested IDA to invite Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF) to Ethiopia (October 2008) to discuss the possible dispatch of experts to conduct road safety management capacity review. This will lay the foundation for the next actions. # 9. **Safeguard Policies (including public consultation)** |**Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project**|Yes|No| |---|---|---| |Environmental Assessment<br>(OP<br>/BP<br>/GP<br>4.01)|[X]|[ ]| |Natural Habitats (OP<br>/BP<br>4.04)|[ ]|[", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5263944268226624, "start": 1042, "end": 1067, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:19766", "surface": "UBOS Statistical Abstract 2015", "ctx": ", from 9.5 million in 1969, and it is predicted to double by 2050. Uganda\u2019s population is predominantly rural (approximately 82 per cent). The high rate of population growth puts pressure on the natural resources, which drives the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands and forested lands. About 19.7 per cent of the population lives below the national poverty line UBOS Statistical Abstract 2015 including 18 percent of the population classified as chronically poor. The economy is driven by natural resources, which, through the products and services they provide for consumption and trade, remain the primary source of livelihood for the vast majority of Ugandan households for the foreseeable future. Uganda sustained significant economic growth over the last two decades. Annual GDP growth averaged over 8 per cent in 2001-2008. About 25 per cent of the GDP \u2013 more than US$4 billion annually \u2013 is attributable to the natural resources. ## **Sectoral and Institutional Context** According to the National Biomass Study 2005 (NFA 2009), the total area of Uganda\u2019s forests as of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8646231889724731, "start": 372, "end": 402, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:7385", "surface": "drought early warning system", "ctx": "reinforced its support for the drought contingency funding mechanism by announcing an additional GOK contribution of Kshs. 500 million for next fiscal year. The intention is to institutionalize a mechanism to which other donors and GOK can contribute, which will fund district drought contingency plans, triggered by a clear signals given by the existing and quite robust drought early warning system functioning in the 27 most vulnerable districts. The additional financing will fund expenditures such as purchase of livestock during early stages of the drought, investments in strategic drought preparedness water supplies for humans and animals, repair of critical access roads, and strategic human and animal health interventions. - _Reimbursement of Incremental (pro-poor) Drought Related Expenditures incurred by GOK_ This financing is necessary to ameliorate the negative impact of an additional US$ 85 million the GOK must borrow from the domestic market to cover its droughtrelated expenditures. The additional financing would cover reimbursement for up to US$ 20 million of drought-related non-food expenditures incurred after January 1, 2006. Treasury has carried out a preliminary assessment through their internal auditors of these expenditures made by the ministries of Water, Livestock, Agriculture, Health, and Education. The non-food activities proposed to be financed under this additional financing proposal fall squarely within the existing project objectives and description. Activities identified to date include water tankering, support to rapid response teams to respond to water supply breakdowns, emergency livestock offtake, animal disease control, purchase and distribution of seed for food crops, incremental costs due to waiver of school fees for secondary schools in drought", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.166825532913208, "start": 372, "end": 400, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:4268", "surface": "survey of Ugandan households", "ctx": "consultations and recent market survey commissioned by the Bank revealed persistent lack of awareness among consumers of the many benefits of clean stoves and fuels. While significant analytic efforts have been undertaken to better understand and influence consumer behavior, past public awareness campaigns were underfunded and poorly coordinated with actual stove availability. Moreover, instead of supporting the commercial marketing of aspirational stove products, awareness raising efforts were overly focused on the important, yet abstract advantages of clean cooking solutions including their health and environmental benefits. A plethora of market research shows that this strategy is clearly at odds with consumer perceptions: households typically attribute much greater value to monetary savings from reduced fuel use and to the ease of use and aspirational appeal of modern cookstoves. As a result, even though overall consumer awareness has grown somewhat, past engagement efforts have not triggered additional sales, and willingness to pay for stoves that really would save time, money and improve health outcomes, remained largely unchanged. 14. Sustainable demand-side transformation - Boosting demand though commercial sales campaigns, instead of \u201cbuying temporary behavior change\u201d through subsidies: A recent survey of Ugandan households and extensive experience with the Bank\u00b4s recent \u201cLighting Africa\u201d project, show that to create an effective product experience and boost sales, trial periods and direct marketing are often far better tools than subsidized prices and donor-led awareness building. Study results in Uganda show that a free stove trial followed by a rent-to-own offer increased uptake by between 45% and 57% compared to a traditional cash and carry sale. When consumers in Kenya were left with a solar lamp for five days, their willingness to pay for the product increased by up to five times, indicating that customers need to build a personal level of trust with the product before committing financially. The beneficial effect of such trial periods is particularly strong with poor populations who are often especially suspicious of advertising and prefer to rely on their own direct experience of new products. However, within the Ugandan context", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7624630928039551, "start": 1326, "end": 1354, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:6016", "surface": "Ethiopian Energy Outlook 2025", "ctx": "PPAs, thereby easing the public financing burden, promoting technology transfer and diversifying the generation mix. IFC Transaction Advisory Services (CTA) has been mandated to support the PPP Directorate General (PPP DG, under the Ministry of Finance (MoF)) and EEP in preparing a competitive and transparent second solar tender for Gad 2 (125 MW) and Weranso (100 MW) projects, for which several firms were prequalified following a successful Request for Qualification **.** > 1 According to the Ethiopian Energy Outlook 2025 with the continued solar power cost reductions, solar generation is expected to reach 17 percent in 2040. Page 4 Official Use Only", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8062387108802795, "start": 499, "end": 528, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:13121", "surface": "market assessments", "ctx": "these gains are not reflected in the transport sector, where women\u2014especially engineers and technical professionals\u2014remain significantly under-represented. Women constitute only about 26% of all employees in public works and transport institutions in Uganda<sup>[1]</sup> . As of 2025, women made up about 16.7% of the members of the Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers<sup>[2]</sup> . The under-representation of women engineers carries significant economic and developmental consequences. This disparity constrains industry productivity, diminishes the available talent pool, and limits opportunities for women to pursue well-paid and stable careers in the transport sector. A mix of structural and institutional barriers limits women's participation in transport engineering. Fewer women enter technical training, and those who do struggle to transition into field roles. Recruitment processes without gender perspective, malecentric work cultures, lack of mentoring, and poor career advancement further hinder recruitment and retention. Closing this gender gap is vital for inclusive project benefits and aligns with national gender goals and the World Bank\u2019s aim to improve economic access. 11. **Women in rural Uganda face significant safety-related mobility constraints that limit their access to markets and services.** Studies on rural transport and markets indicate that women experience high levels of harassment, intimidation, and gender-based violence in transport and trading spaces, particularly along poorly lit roads and in markets lacking basic security infrastructure. Evidence from market assessments shows that over 60 percent of women market vendors in some Ugandan towns report experiencing physical or psychological harassment, yet incidents are widely underreported due to fear of retaliation and low trust in authorities. In transport contexts, national and sector studies consistently find that women perceive rural travel spaces as unsafe, leading them to restrict travel times, avoid early morning or evening movements, and rely on nearby low-value markets. These safety concerns directly constrain women\u2019s economic participation, reduce trading", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8799476027488708, "start": 1611, "end": 1629, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34354", "surface": "human capital index", "ctx": "**The World Bank** First Kenya Fiscal Sustainability and Resilient Growth(P500912) # **B. Introduction and Context** # Country Context Kenya has made much progress. Its GDP per capita of US$2,099 in 2022 is relatively high in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Its economy is quite diversified making Kenya an important source for industrialized goods, especially in the East African Community. Services, from tourism to ICT, have become an increasing source of exports. Kenya\u2019s entrepreneurial business community has also been exporting innovation to the region, such as digital payment systems. The country boasts Africa\u2019s highest human capital index score. Kenya is one of the most democratic countries in SSA, having strengthened and decentralized its democracy through its 2010 Constitution. Real GDP per capita growth averaged a solid 2.4 percent between 2009 and 2019, supporting a reduction in both poverty and inequality. In 2014, Kenya accessed global capital markets for the first time, issuing a Eurobond. The Government has positioned Kenya to be a leading African voice on climate change, as architect of the Nairobi Declaration on climate change (2023). Yet the country is facing a difficult year in 2024. Having emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic and drought in 2021 and 2022, Kenya was hit by additional shocks, including surging global and domestic inflation, aggravated by geopolitical tensions in Europe and the Middle East, tight global credit markets as central banks in advanced economies raised rates, and El Ni\u00f1o floods. This exposed existing vulnerabilities, including falling export competitiveness, high levels of public debt, and the maturing of large financing obligations. The Kenyan government has taken ambitious steps to navigate these challenges, including a significantly tightened fiscal and monetary policy framework, creating an adequate macroeconomic environment for budget support. In addition, the government pursues an ambitious structural reform program under the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA), which this Development Policy Financing (DPF) supports", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5624357461929321, "start": 624, "end": 643, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:28921", "surface": "last census in 2007", "ctx": "safety nets. The structural transformation that has taken place in value addition (a shift from agriculture to services) has contributed very little to poverty reduction. 7. Although Ethiopia remains predominantly rural, urbanization is taking place, and as Ethiopia urbanizes, poverty becomes more urban. In 2000, 11 percent of Ethiopia\u2019s poor lived in cities, but this rose to 14 percent in 2011. The urban population reached 11.9 million by the last census in 2007 and was estimated to reach 16.7 million in 2014, with an average population growth rate of 3.8 percent. Urban population growth is expected to increase, with a tripling of the urban population expected by 2034 and 30 percent of the population in urban areas by 2028 (Ethiopia Urbanization Review, World Bank 2015). As more of the urban poor live in large urban centers, expanding development programs to address key challenges to urban poverty reduction is imperative. 8. An economically productive urban transformation is necessary for Ethiopia to reach middle income status, end poverty and improve shared prosperity. Getting urban growth right now, is crucial to develop the type of cities that foster inclusive growth in the long run. If managed proactively, urban population growth presents an opportunity to shift the structure and location of economic activity from rural agriculture to the larger and more diversified urban industrial and service sectors. If not managed proactively, rapid urban population growth may pose a demographic challenge as cities struggle to provide citizens with jobs, infrastructure and services, and housing (Ethiopia Urbanization Review, World Bank 2015). Characteristics of Urban Poverty 9. Urban poverty rates in Ethiopia are quite high, particularly in the large cities. The urbanrural poverty rate differential is low in comparison to other countries. The total national poverty head count in 2011 was 30.4 percent in rural Ethiopia and 25.7 percent in urban areas. Poverty rates in Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa were as high as 28.1 percent and 28.3 percent", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8710997700691223, "start": 448, "end": 467, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:34276", "surface": "Ethiopia Employment and Jobs Study", "ctx": "in the share of stunting between and within regions. The key risk factors for child stunting are poor nutritional status of women during pregnancy (maternal thinness), low dietary diversity during complementary feeding, poor hygiene practices (leading to infection)<sup>6</sup> and inadequate access to health services and water and sanitation.<sup>7</sup> Sectoral and Institutional Context _Sectoral Context_ ### **In recent years the Government of Ethiopia has made important progress in laying down the policy framework for the** > 3 Poverty and Vulnerability in the Ethiopian Lowlands: Building a More Resilient Future, 2019 > 4 Ethiopia Employment and Jobs Study 2017 > 5 Unemployment in urban areas is higher. The NEET figures in towns and cities stood at 25 and 30 percent respectively (2016). > 6 Changes in Child Undernutrition Rates in Ethiopia, 2000-2016, Hirvonen et al, April 2018 (Draft report from IFPRI, Addis Ababa) > 7 All Hands-on Deck: Reducing Stunting through a Multi-Sectoral Approach in SSA and Ethiopia, Emmanuel Skofias, 2018, World Bank Page 4 of 9 Dec 04, 2019", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7854151725769043, "start": 634, "end": 668, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:20917", "surface": "wealth2017", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Uganda Forests and Resilient Landscapes Project (P170466) # 2. **Uganda faces a number of constraints that slow down** **its progress toward middle income status.** Productivity is low, especially in the agriculture sector which employs the bulk of the workforce, and the fertility of agricultural land is declining in many areas. A look at how wealth changed in Uganda during this 20-year period shows that the country\u2019s main engine of growth was human capital, similar to other sub-Saharan African countries and low-income countries worldwide. Human capital tripled within this time frame and is currently Uganda\u2019s main asset of wealth (Figure 1) while natural capital, has been declining since around 2010. 3. **Uganda is the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa and the third largest worldwide.** Due to ongoing conflicts and instability in the Democratic Figure 1: Changes in total wealth in Uganda 1995-2014 Republic of the Congo (DRC) and South Sudan, Uganda _Source:_ Lange, G., Q. Wodon, and K. Carey, eds. 2018. The is hosting approximately 1.2 million refugees and Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable asylum-seekers, more than 350,000 of whom arrived in Future. Washington, DC: World Bank. wealth2017 alone.<sup>2</sup> The refugee presence has added to accounting existing pressure on the environment, leading to an increase in the rate of degradation and tree loss, with accelerated land cover changes in bushland and woodland.<sup>3</sup> Supporting more sustainable use of those resources, especially forests and other woodlands, could help address environmental degradation and improve energy access. 4. **Poor and vulnerable people typically live in rural areas", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.704964816570282, "start": 1245, "end": 1255, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:12838", "surface": "Global Gender Gap Report 2021", "ctx": "respectively. The 2015 emissions represented a 65.2 percent increase over the period and less than 0.1 percent of the 2015 global emissions, including Land Use Change and Forestry. Kenya aims to undertake ambitious mitigation and adaption actions towards the Paris Agreement, by reducing its GHG emissions by 32 percent by 2030 relative to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, in line with the sustainable low carbon development agenda, through energy efficiency, low carbon and efficient transportation systems, and sustainable waste management. 8. **Kenya is mainstreaming gender into national development.** The 2010 Constitution declared equal treatment for men and women and developed a relatively strong set of legal and policy protections for all groups. <mark>Kenya scored 80.6 out of 100 on the Women, Business, and the Law 2021 index and ranked 95 out of 156 countries in the Global Gender Gap Report 2021 N</mark> onetheless, y <mark>oung women and adolescent girls are still the most vulnerable group in Kenya, particularly to poverty, especially at the household and community level, exacerbated by gender norms and violence.</mark> In 2016, Kenya\u2019s labor force participation rate was 71 percent for the core working-age population (15-64 years), compared with 77 percent for men. Female labor force participation in Kenya exceeds the average of Sub-Saharan Africa (63 percent) but is lower than in peer countries such as Ethiopia (77 percent) and Tanzania (80 percent).<sup>10</sup> Sectoral and Institutional Context - **B1. Urban Development and Mobility Context** 9. **The country\u2019s rapid urbanization accompanied by its spatial development pattern has made urban access an overwhelming challenge in the large cities of Kenya to be able to advance economic and social development.** Evidence shows that national economic growth and urbanization have been closely linked over the last", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9099023342132568, "start": 887, "end": 916, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:39458", "surface": "GDP growth", "ctx": "# **PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE** ||Report No.: AB3127| |---|---| |**Project Name**|Agricultural Productivity and Sustainable Land management| |**Region **|AFRICA| |**Sector**|Agricultural extension and research(100%)| |**Project ID**|P088600| |**GEF Focal Area**|Land degradation| |**Borrower(s)**|GOVERNMENT OF KENYA| |**Implementing Agency**|| ||Ministry of Finance<br>The Treasury<br>Kenya| ||Min. of Agriculture, Min of Environment & Natural Resources<br>Kilimo/NHIF House<br>Kenya| |**Environment Category**|[ ]A [X]B[ ]C[ ]FI[ ]TBD(to be determined)| |**Date PID Prepared**|May14,2007| |**Date of Appraisal**<br>**Authorization**|May 29, 2007| |**Date of Board Approval**|September 28,2007| # 1. Country and Sector Background **Kenya has achieved higher economic growth in recent years but faces major challenges.** GDP growth exceeded 6 percent in 2006, compared to 5.8 percent in 2005 and 4.9 percent in 2004. Poverty has also declined, from 56 percent in 2000 to 46 percent in 2005/06, however, remains a rural phenomenon, with 49 percent of the rural population living below the poverty line, compared to 34 percent in urban areas. Despite the recent turnaround, overall economic performance over the past two decades has not matched the annual population growth rate of 2.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4100988209247589, "start": 846, "end": 856, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18958", "surface": "school-specific examinations results", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Kenya Primary Education Equity in Learning Program (P176867) allocated to teachers\u2019 salaries and students\u2019 capitation grants. In addition, there is inequity in the financing model. The current annual capitation grant per learner in primary school of Ksh. 1,420 (US$14) does not consider schools that may have low enrolments due to geographical or catchment factors in the arid and semi-arid regions and the informal settlements. While capitation helps schools, it often focuses on keeping the school open. Most importantly, the budgetary allocations do not consider social economic indicators such as the poverty level of the County. The government is conducting a nationwide mapping of school infrastructure to inform priority investments in essential school inputs<sup>11</sup> . Although it is against the government\u2019s policy, in most schools\u2019 parents are asked to contribute to various fees to cater for development projects, school meals, uniforms and remedial learning. Additional resources are required in target schools where enrollment may be low but needs (school inputs) are high. **23. It is possible to achieve dramatic improvements at the school level if meaningful school improvement plans with clear targets, activities aligned to the targets and structured support mechanisms, are adequately financed** . This approach is important for schools that are resource disadvantaged, as the school grants for implementing the school improvement plans allows flexibility for target schools to have essential school inputs. The GPE PRIEDE project, piloted school grants in 4,000 schools. The school grant process included development of a robust School Improvement Plan (SIP) by key stakeholders at the school level, and prioritization of investment activities informed by an analysis of the school-specific examinations results and the TPAD. Technical assistance was deployed to support a cluster of schools in the development of the SIP. The county-based education officials were responsible for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the SIPs.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.43245288729667664, "start": 1819, "end": 1855, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:33895", "surface": "Implementation Status and Results", "ctx": "and thus also included in the RLLP II Theory of Change, unfunded activities cannot be included as project components according to Operations Policy and Country Services (OPCS) guidelines. Thus, a land administration component is not included in RLLP II. (See Figure 1 and the project description section for further reference.) The GCF considers RLLP and RLLP II as the \u201cFunded Activity\u201d and RLLP II as the \u201cGCF Funded Activity.\u201d The combined RLLP and RLLP II \u201cFunded Activity\u201d is subject to additional GCF reporting requirements (which are beyond IDA requirements), including updates to the GCF based on information reported by the National Project Coordination Unit (NCPU). Generally, standard reporting to the GCF is a yearly Annual Performance Report (APR), which is due every year at the end of February for the previous calendar year. The APR contains most of the same info as in the World Bank\u2019s Implementation Status and Results (ISRs) but may require additional information as per GCF\u2019s request. Any additional financing to the \u201cFunded Activity\u201d will need to be reported to GCF.<sup>16</sup> ### **Figure 1: RLLP and RLLP II Distinctions** RLLP II is an expansion of RLLP. While RLLP II and RLLP are stand-alone projects, they will be implemented as one integrated operation. Note that RLLP II does not include funding for land administration (Component 3 of RLLP).<sup>17</sup> > 16 Discussions are underway for additional funding from the global partnership, PROGREEN, to RLLP. This would support financing for an additional six watersheds. GCF procedures, which cover the \u201cFunded Activity,\u201d require that the World Bank\u2019s internal approvals for PROGREEN financing are obtained before December 19, 2020", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8350707292556763, "start": 903, "end": 936, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:44594", "surface": "Prospect d-MRV platform", "ctx": "representatives from UECCC and the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) \u2014 will be established to review product eligibility and applicable standards under the RBF facility, ensuring systematic and transparent assessment of eligible technologies. 24. For Component 3, PCU and PIUs will manage the respective implementation support and TA activities. An Independent Verification Agent (IVA) reporting to the PCU will verify RBF performance under Components 1 and 2, with a rolling claim submission process and time-bound turnaround requirements to ensure verification does not become a bottleneck. The Prospect d-MRV platform will serve as the primary data source for IVA verification, enabling digital pre-screening of claims and reducing the need for field visits. <mark>@#&OPS~Doctype~OPS^dynamics@contactpoint#doctemplate</mark> **CONTACT POINT** ## **World Bank** Joseph Kapika Senior Energy Specialist **Borrower/Client/Recipient** Page 8", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.11750786006450653, "start": 606, "end": 629, "band": "confusion", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:4110", "surface": "database of the youths", "ctx": "increase the synergy with the previous project. To address women\u2019s challenges in accessing job opportunities due to both gender bias and traditional and cultural gender roles, the training will include empowering women and awareness of equal opportunities. **Preselection to the SME stage.** The project will target participation by youth, women, and other vulnerable groups. Meru County is targeting youths who live in adjacent areas along the Eastern and Western Bypasses for identification. The county government already has a database of the youths in Majengo, Mujini, and Gitimbini areas.. The implementing agency will recruit the groups in collaboration with Meru County. A Page 12 of 18 Jun 29, 2020", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.509027898311615, "start": 530, "end": 552, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:18432", "surface": "land information systems", "ctx": "**The World Bank** Ethiopia Land Management and Urban Upgrading Project (P177655) spatial data and geodetic infrastructure is fragmented, outdated and poorly resourced, limiting the progress of land registration and integrated land use planning. Existing land information systems (LIS) are mostly paper-based and not integrated across rural and urban areas, and the base maps needed to identify existing parcels and houses have not been updated to keep pace with urban growth. The geodetic network, which is needed for accurate surveying, does not have enough control points, resulting in inefficiencies and delays. 10. **The challenges of land administration and weak city growth management capacity led to expanding informal settlements and slums, often in high-risk areas of a city\u2014such as wetlands, floodplains, landfills, garbage dumps, and rocky areas.** Although not all residents in informal settlements are poor, a considerable share could be regarded as slum dwellers who are poor without having durable houses, adequate living space, access to safe water and sanitation, and/or security of tenure. In Addis Ababa 52 percent of settlements in city boundary are informally constructed.<sup>13</sup> Informal settlements were also found in all the regional capital cities, with Jigjiga (14.4 percent), Adama (11.6 percent), and Harar (8 percent).<sup>14</sup> These settlements were generally found on high-risk or/and less desirable areas of the cities, such as quarry sites, riverbanks, and precarious areas and are highly vulnerable to disasters such as flooding.<sup>15</sup> Lack of access to basic services and infrastructure further increases inhabitants\u2019 vulnerability to various disasters. It is also important to note that disasters can push the poor and the vulnerable further into poverty, directly through the loss of life, assets, or livelihoods. Integrating climate", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5228888988494873, "start": 255, "end": 279, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "annotator:9678", "surface": "2018 survey by the World Bank Group", "ctx": "> 20. **The risk of being exposed to GBV may also discourage women from entering more profitable sectors or growing a business if it threatens norms around the role of a male provider** . The relationship between women's empowerment and the experience of violence is an empirical question and programs that attempt to economically empower women need to consider the possibility of backlash from the community at large. There is a growing evidence base that programs that combine targeted economic support to women with training that engages male partners and community members can mitigate the risk of GBV.<sup>26</sup> 21. **Refugee women face barriers to starting and growing businesses, especially regarding accessing technology and finance.** A survey of refugee settlements found that a lack of national identification, as well as charges and fees, present significant barriers to accessing financial services, especially for women. The study found financial inclusion is relatively low, with 37 percent and 46 percent of adults having access to formal financial services, and 36 and 46 percent holding a mobile money account, respectively. A 2018 survey by the World Bank Group reported that less than fewer than 5 percent of all refugees had received any kind of skills or job training, and most who were engaged in agricultural production were not using improved inputs and were heavily reliant on rainfall.<sup>27</sup> ### **_Relationship to the Country Partnership Framework_** 22. **The proposed project aligns with the World Bank\u2019s Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Uganda (2015/16\u2013 2020/21)** . The CPF (report 101173-UG) recognizes that gender inequality and discrimination in access to economic _<mark>Issues Shaping Africa\u2019s Economic Future.</mark>_ <mark>Washington, DC: World Bank</mark> _<mark>.</mark>_ - 23", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9338189959526062, "start": 1148, "end": 1183, "band": "keep", "origin": "annotator190", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "annotator190", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:0", "surface": "global competitiveness survey", "ctx": "2007-2010, but fell to two percent in 2012. Economic volatility poses a serious obstacle to the\ncountry\u2019s ambitions for sustainable growth. With a recent financial crisis in Europe and conflict in\nneighboring countries, the economy is expected to weather the turbulence but growth projections\nhave been lowered to around two percent.\n\n3. Lebanon\u2019s unemployment rate\u2014particularly youth and female unemployment\u2014is high (34\npercent youth unemployment, 18 percent female unemployment, and 11 percent total\nunemployment). Around 14 percent of university graduates and 15 percent of those with secondary\neducation are unemployed, relative to 10 percent among workers with no education, and only 7\npercent among those with primary education. Lebanon\u2019s service-based industries are particularly\nimportant for the economy and represent its most dynamic sectors. Financial services accounted for\n10.4 percent of the country\u2019s GDP in 2010, communication and transportation 8.2 percent, and\neducation 7.4 percent. However, Lebanon still has to deal with tough competition from neighboring\neconomies that have attracted large portions of foreign direct investment, as well as a share of\nLebanon\u2019s most educated and talented people. In 2012 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked\nBeirut 117 out of 120 cities in a global competitiveness survey, while Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Doha\nranked (respectively) 40, 41, and 47.\n\n4. Compounding Lebanon\u2019s lackluster economic performance and high unemployment rate\nhas been the massive influx of Syrian refugees fleeing the neighboring war. In April 2014, the\nUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) announced that the number of Syrian\nrefugees in Lebanon had surpassed one million . The presence of these refugees represents an\nenormous burden on Lebanon\u2019s economy, particularly taxing social services such as education and\nhealthcare. Despite the humanitarian aid that has flowed into Lebanon from various international aid\nagencies and donors, the country is still not well-equipped to deal with the refugee crisis.\n\n5. Considering the constraints that have drained the country\u2019s", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19856205582618713, "start": 1406, "end": 1438, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:1", "surface": "Surveys", "ctx": "over 80% of vehicles circulating in GBA. The cost of Beirut's congestion to the country's economy\nis substantial: a study by the Ministry of Environment in 2005 put the cost of urban congestion at\nabout 8 percent of Lebanon's GDP at the time, when traffic volumes would have been lower than\ntoday.\n\n7. Transport in GBA is costly, with no reliable alternatives to private vehicles. Import dues on\nvehicles in Lebanon can exceed 50% of a vehicle\u2019s value while gasoline is taxed unlike most\ncountries in the region. Parking space is rare in Beirut and costly. All these factors make owning\nand operating a vehicle particularly expensive, and in the absence of reliable public transport\nsystem, there are no viable alternatives for the population. Surveys show that household\nexpenditures on transport are about 15 percent of total expenditures, among the highest between all\ncategories and only surpassed by housing and health expenditures. Meanwhile, the high housing\ncost in GBA is largely impacted by unreliable and costly transportation as people leave their\nhometowns (on average about only 50 km away) and move to Beirut where employment is\nconcentrated, hence further driving housing prices up. High transport costs also contribute to\nbusinesses\u2019 preference to remain in Beirut despite high real estate costs.\n\n8. There does not exist any form of mass transit in Lebanon, or regular and reliable public\ntransport services, despite the high population density and relatively short distances which generally\nfavor such types of systems. The lack of a proper and reliable public transport system significantly\nlimits the capacity of the network in accommodating the rapidly increasing demand: public transport\nin Lebanon is primarily provided by taxis and microbuses, with a high number of these vehicles\nbeing not properly regulated. While there exists a number of bus and taxi companies, the sector\nremains highly fragmented and mostly consists of one taxi or microbus owned and operated by one\nindividual. The regulation of public transport is undertaken by the Ministries of Transport (licensing\nof companies, fare setting, planning", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1316431313753128, "start": 808, "end": 810, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:2", "surface": "bus\nstudy for Greater Beirut", "ctx": "first step through the installation of traffic signals and a traffic control center, as well as park meters\nto regulate parking, and building grade separation infrastructure at critical intersections. Within the\nscope of the UTDP, follow up studies and projects were planned to introduce reliable public\ntransport as a second step to ease traffic congestion.\n\n11. Recently, GOL has been increasingly considering public transport and mass transit\nsolutions for Lebanon. Financed by the UTDP loan, the Ministry of Transport had prepared a bus\nstudy for Greater Beirut which has identified about 20 regular bus routes. The Government of\nLebanon had approved the purchase of 250 buses as a start, however political challenges had stalled\nthe allocation of funds. Meanwhile, MOT is also assessing introducing a freight and passenger\nrailway on the old railway alignment between Beirut, Tripoli and the Syrian border in the north.\nHowever such a project will be both financially and technically difficult (due to dense urban\ndevelopments) to implement, and will have to be implemented in stages over a long period, starting\nnorth and going south to Beirut. Given the long term nature of such a project, it was decided to go\nahead with a comprehensive public transport program for GBA that will focus on Bus/BRT\nsolutions for the medium term, to be upgraded to rail on certain sections in the long term when\nfunds become available.\n\n12. This proposed project therefore represents a first phase in a comprehensive public transport\nprogram for GBA, primarily focused on introducing a BRT line on the most congested Northern\napproach to Beirut (Tabarja to Beirut) and possibly BRT and/or bus lines extensions within Beirut\nto distribute commuters efficiently. Follow up projects will look into extending the BRT line to the\nsouthern and eastern approaches to Beirut as needed, and to further improving public transport\ncoverage within Beirut. The BRT line would begin in the Tabarja-Jounieh area, a major populated\narea and feeder for Beirut, and pass through the densely inhabited northern suburbs of Beirut before\nending in", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.12561261653900146, "start": 572, "end": 603, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:3", "surface": "World Bank World Development Indicators", "ctx": " The country\u2019s population has been growing by more than 3 percent per annum\nover the last three decades and it was 42.7 million in 2018 <sup>2</sup> . More than 47 percent of the population are\nunder the age of 15 and nearly 80 percent under the age of 30. About 77 percent of the total population\nlive in rural areas and work in the agricultural sector, which accounts for 71 percent of total employment\nand around a quarter of the country\u2019s GDP <sup>3</sup> .\n\n3. **The macroeconomic impact of COVID-19 and Locusts on the Ugandan economy will be significant,**\n**creating both economic disruptions and financing imbalances that will need to be addressed urgently** .\n\n\n[1 https://data.worldbank.org/country/uganda.](https://data.worldbank.org/country/uganda)\n[2 https://data.worldbank.org/country/uganda.](https://data.worldbank.org/country/uganda)\n3 World Bank World Development Indicators (2017).\n\n\nApr 07, 2020 Page 3 of 16", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 916, "end": 928, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:4", "surface": "Logistics Performance Index 2018", "ctx": "or overwhelming the health sector response, and bringing\neconomic activity to a halt. Furthermore, Uganda has been advancing plans to start oil production in\n2023, but the decline in oil prices to a projected US$30 in 2020 \u2013 half the estimated breakeven price for\noil production in Uganda \u2013 and US$40 in 2021 will likely slow oil-related FDI and could shift oil production\nbeyond 2025. This will have a negative impact on Uganda\u2019s longer-term growth trajectory.\n\n5. **The deterioration in macroeconomic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic will lead to liquidity**\n**constraints and a rapid rise of non-performing loans in the financial sector.** Stress in global financial\nmarkets has already surged to historical levels and market volatility has already spurred demand for\nliquidity. In the immediate term, households and SMEs in Uganda will face a sharp reduction in income\ndue to business closures under lockdown; disruption in supply chains, deliveries and payments; a fall in\ntourism; a fall in consumption and investment, among others, all leading to an extensive job loss.\n\n\n6. **Uganda is the land \u201cbridge\u201d for the rest of the Great Lakes region** <sup>**4**</sup> **, connecting its landlocked neighbors**\n**to the coastal countries.** Regional integration is indispensable for Uganda and provides great opportunity\nto foster trade with its neighbors. Uganda is ranked 102 in the Logistics Performance Index 2018 and\ninfrastructure and tracking & tracing are the two areas it is ranked very low with a ranking of 124 and\n123 respectively <sup>5</sup> . The efficiency of the transit traffic performance in the major road corridors is critical\nfor supporting and sustaining competitive international trade in the sub-region as well as supporting the\nrefugee settlements and host communities through the facilitation of logistics services from the various\nhumanitarian agencies.\n\n7. **Ug", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5187975764274597, "start": 1486, "end": 1503, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:5", "surface": "refugee populations\nin refugee hosting districts", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda: Roads and Bridges in the Refugee Hosting Districts Project (P171339)\n\n\npercent) and others (2.8 percent) from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Rwanda and Sudan. <sup>6</sup> Uganda is experiencing\nboth protracted and ongoing forced displacement trends. The country experienced a significant increase\nin refugee numbers in July 2016 resulting from the inflow of refugees from South Sudan. Those newly\narrived refugees were settled alongside local host communities in designated refugee settlements in the\nWest Nile sub-region in the Northern region of the country. The table below shows refugee populations\nin refugee hosting districts in the West Nile sub-region.\n\n\n**Refugee and Host Population in the West Nile Sub-region of Uganda**\n\n|District|Host Population|Refugee Population|Percent of Total Refugee<br>Population in Uganda|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Yumbe|663,600|232,109|16.5|\n|Adjumani|235,900|213,580|15.2|\n|Arua|915,200|183,438|13.0|\n|Obongi|48,300|122,645|8.7|\n|Lamwo|143,800|53,334|3.8|\n|Koboko|258,000|5,423|0.4|\n|**Total**|**2,264,800**|**810,529**|**57.4**|\n\n\n\n8. **The West Nile sub-region is among the poorest and most underdeveloped areas of the country.** A\nhistorical lack of development in these areas combined with the significant increase and continued inflow\nof refugees, has added to levels of poverty and increased pressures on existing public services and\ninfrastructure. For", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07357066869735718, "start": 651, "end": 697, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:6", "surface": "Uganda Refugee and Host Communities\n2018 Household Survey", "ctx": "ing communities and evidence of trade activity\n\n\n6 Office of the Prime Minster (OPM), Government of Uganda, February 2020 available at:\nhttps://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga\n7 World Bank 2019, Informing the Refugee Policy Response in Uganda, Results from the Uganda Refugee and Host Communities\n2018 Household Survey\n[8 https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/ugandas-progressive-approach-refugee-management](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/brief/ugandas-progressive-approach-refugee-management)\n\n\nApr 07, 2020 Page 5 of 16", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.23396405577659607, "start": 282, "end": 575, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:7", "surface": "2018 Gender Inequality Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda: Roads and Bridges in the Refugee Hosting Districts Project (P171339)\n\n\nbetween settlements, the wider Ugandan market and cross border trade. Traders from South Sudan and\nDRC visit the settlements regularly to supply as well as source goods and services. This presents an\nopportunity for local economic development that can address market constraints. The provision of an\nall-weather road transport infrastructure will help ease the burden on the other sectors by enhancing\nconnectivity of the host population and refugees to markets. The existing road infrastructure in West\nNile Sub-Region is of poor quality and not motorable especially during rains. Access to health facilities\nand referral medical units is also encumbered by the dilapidated road network.\n\n\n10. **Uganda was ranked 127** <sup>**th**</sup> **out of 162 countries in the 2018 Gender Inequality Index** <sup>9</sup> . **Gender**\n**inequalities are prevalent in refugee camps in Uganda.** Prevalence rates of gender-based violence (GBV)\nin Uganda are high. According to the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) <sup>10</sup>, 56 percent of\nwomen have experienced spousal violence and 22 percent sexual violence. The figures for Violence\nAgainst Children (VAC) and are also high, with 59 percent of females and 68 percent of males reporting\nexperiencing physical violence during childhood. <sup>11</sup> Adolescent girls in Uganda are more likely to be poor,\nmiss out on school and are at a greater risk of contracting HIV. <sup>12</sup> Of Ugandans ages 13-17 years, one in\nfour girls and one in ten boys reported sexual violence in 2015. <sup>13</sup> Nearly a quarter of teenage girls in\nUganda become pregnant.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.38880977034568787, "start": 953, "end": 972, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:8", "surface": "Uganda Demographic and Health Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda: Roads and Bridges in the Refugee Hosting Districts Project (P171339)\n\n\nbetween settlements, the wider Ugandan market and cross border trade. Traders from South Sudan and\nDRC visit the settlements regularly to supply as well as source goods and services. This presents an\nopportunity for local economic development that can address market constraints. The provision of an\nall-weather road transport infrastructure will help ease the burden on the other sectors by enhancing\nconnectivity of the host population and refugees to markets. The existing road infrastructure in West\nNile Sub-Region is of poor quality and not motorable especially during rains. Access to health facilities\nand referral medical units is also encumbered by the dilapidated road network.\n\n\n10. **Uganda was ranked 127** <sup>**th**</sup> **out of 162 countries in the 2018 Gender Inequality Index** <sup>9</sup> . **Gender**\n**inequalities are prevalent in refugee camps in Uganda.** Prevalence rates of gender-based violence (GBV)\nin Uganda are high. According to the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) <sup>10</sup>, 56 percent of\nwomen have experienced spousal violence and 22 percent sexual violence. The figures for Violence\nAgainst Children (VAC) and are also high, with 59 percent of females and 68 percent of males reporting\nexperiencing physical violence during childhood. <sup>11</sup> Adolescent girls in Uganda are more likely to be poor,\nmiss out on school and are at a greater risk of contracting HIV. <sup>12</sup> Of Ugandans ages 13-17 years, one in\nfour girls and one in ten boys reported sexual violence in 2015. <sup>13</sup> Nearly a quarter of teenage girls in\nUganda become pregnant.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5922389626502991, "start": 1152, "end": 1187, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:9", "surface": "Uganda Demographic and Health Survey", "ctx": " inequalities persist. School enrollment and retention rates\namong girls in the refugees hosting districts are exceptionally low, a result of their domestic\nresponsibilities, child marriage, teenage pregnancy, long distances to schools, and lack of sanitation\n\n\n9 This index reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions \u2013 reproductive health, empowerment, and economic\n[activity. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/UGA.pdf.](http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/UGA.pdf)\n10 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (2016).\n11 Uganda Violence Against Children Survey (2015).\n12 UNICEF: Situation Analysis of Children in Uganda, 2015\n13 Government of Uganda: Violence Against Children Survey (VACS) Report, 2018\n14 UDHS, 2016\n15 UNHCR, 2016, 5-Year Interagency SGBV Strategy, Uganda\n_16_ <u>http://ug.one.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/UNAC-</u>\n<u>[Northern%20Uganda%20and%20West%20Nile%20Humanitarian%20and%20Development%20Report%20-January-](http://ug.one.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/UNAC-Northern%20Uganda%20and%20West%20Nile%20Humanitarian%20and%20Development%20Report%20-January-February%202018.pdf)</u>\n<u>[February%202018.pdf](http://ug.one.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/UNAC-Northern%20Uganda%20and%20West%20N", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6886290311813354, "start": 564, "end": 605, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:10", "surface": "Uganda Violence Against Children Survey", "ctx": " inequalities persist. School enrollment and retention rates\namong girls in the refugees hosting districts are exceptionally low, a result of their domestic\nresponsibilities, child marriage, teenage pregnancy, long distances to schools, and lack of sanitation\n\n\n9 This index reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions \u2013 reproductive health, empowerment, and economic\n[activity. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/UGA.pdf.](http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/UGA.pdf)\n10 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (2016).\n11 Uganda Violence Against Children Survey (2015).\n12 UNICEF: Situation Analysis of Children in Uganda, 2015\n13 Government of Uganda: Violence Against Children Survey (VACS) Report, 2018\n14 UDHS, 2016\n15 UNHCR, 2016, 5-Year Interagency SGBV Strategy, Uganda\n_16_ <u>http://ug.one.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/UNAC-</u>\n<u>[Northern%20Uganda%20and%20West%20Nile%20Humanitarian%20and%20Development%20Report%20-January-](http://ug.one.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/UNAC-Northern%20Uganda%20and%20West%20Nile%20Humanitarian%20and%20Development%20Report%20-January-February%202018.pdf)</u>\n<u>[February%202018.pdf](http://ug.one.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/UNAC-Northern%20Uganda%20and%20West%20N", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8487680554389954, "start": 622, "end": 662, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:11", "surface": "quantitative data collection", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda: Roads and Bridges in the Refugee Hosting Districts Project (P171339)\n\n\nfacilities and supplies, among other factors <sup>20</sup> . A quantitative data collection in 18 refugee settlements\nacross Uganda reveals that the capacity of younger people to engage in the labor market and become\nemployable depends on their level of education. Around 77 percent of women have only reached\nprimary education which means that young women are less likely to compete in the labor market. <sup>21</sup> The\nlack of formal jobs in refugee settlements leads women to support their family incomes through their\ninvolvement in the informal economy, such a selling wood or providing casual labor. Besides this situation\ncreating a double burden on their work, these activities put women at risk by making them travel to\nunsafe areas or at dangerous times, such as through refugee settlements and surrounding areas, where\ndemand exists for domestic work. <sup>22</sup> Women also face more financial barriers compared to men: while\nmen have more potential to earn an income, women are often responsible for care activities at home\nand spend less time for paid employment. <sup>23</sup>\n\n12. **In accordance with the Refugee Act (2006) and Refugee Regulations (2010), the GoU has developed**\n**national frameworks with an inclusive approach, granting refugees freedom of movement and the**\n**right to work, establish business, and access public services such as education, on par with nationals.**\nNDP II provides for refugee management and protection as a priority in development planning. Refugee\nresponse is coordinated by the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and guided by the Comprehensive\nRefugee Response Framework (CRRF), launched by the OPM and the United Nations High Commissioner\nfor Refugees (UNHCR) in March 2017. To bridge between humanitarian and development approaches,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7953486442565918, "start": 179, "end": 195, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:12", "surface": "UDHS", "ctx": " the NRs and the respective\ndistrict, municipal and local authorities manage the secondary network.\n\n15. **Only 3.3 percent of the road network is paved; 52 percent are gravel roads and another about 45**\n**percent are earthen roads, which do not provide all-weather connectivity and are difficult to maintain.**\nOnly about 100-400 km of gravel NRs are being upgraded every year to paved roads. Some of the river\ncrossings on NRs do not have bridges and traffic movement on these highways is dependent on the ferry\ncrossings, which operate for only few hours in a day.\n\n\n16. **The road network is prone to disruption by floods, is not resilient, and has only few redundancies** <sup>**26**</sup> **but**\n**uncertainty about the future and limited resources make it difficult to plan robust mitigating measures.**\nUganda is exposed to a variety of natural hazards (droughts, flooding, landslides, heat waves). Each year,\nfloods impact nearly 50,000 people and over US$62 million in GDP. Uganda experiences both flash floods\nand slow-onset floods. Areas most prone to floods are the capital city, Kampala, and the northern and\neastern areas of the country.\n\n\n17. **According to UDHS, distance to health facilities in Uganda was reported as a serious problem to access**\n**health facilities and this is more acute in refugee-hosting districts in West Nile sub-region.** Mortality\nrate is still an issue in Uganda. Fertility and mortality rates, from the 2016 UDHS, forecasted that 2\npercent of women un Uganda would die from maternal causes at existing rates. Moreover, it is\ndocumented that health care services during pregnancy and childbirth and after delivery are important\nfor the survival and well-being of both the mother and infant. This situation worsens when roads are", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.11466547846794128, "start": 1248, "end": 1255, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:13", "surface": "2016 UDHS", "ctx": " the NRs and the respective\ndistrict, municipal and local authorities manage the secondary network.\n\n15. **Only 3.3 percent of the road network is paved; 52 percent are gravel roads and another about 45**\n**percent are earthen roads, which do not provide all-weather connectivity and are difficult to maintain.**\nOnly about 100-400 km of gravel NRs are being upgraded every year to paved roads. Some of the river\ncrossings on NRs do not have bridges and traffic movement on these highways is dependent on the ferry\ncrossings, which operate for only few hours in a day.\n\n\n16. **The road network is prone to disruption by floods, is not resilient, and has only few redundancies** <sup>**26**</sup> **but**\n**uncertainty about the future and limited resources make it difficult to plan robust mitigating measures.**\nUganda is exposed to a variety of natural hazards (droughts, flooding, landslides, heat waves). Each year,\nfloods impact nearly 50,000 people and over US$62 million in GDP. Uganda experiences both flash floods\nand slow-onset floods. Areas most prone to floods are the capital city, Kampala, and the northern and\neastern areas of the country.\n\n\n17. **According to UDHS, distance to health facilities in Uganda was reported as a serious problem to access**\n**health facilities and this is more acute in refugee-hosting districts in West Nile sub-region.** Mortality\nrate is still an issue in Uganda. Fertility and mortality rates, from the 2016 UDHS, forecasted that 2\npercent of women un Uganda would die from maternal causes at existing rates. Moreover, it is\ndocumented that health care services during pregnancy and childbirth and after delivery are important\nfor the survival and well-being of both the mother and infant. This situation worsens when roads are", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3052646815776825, "start": 1538, "end": 1549, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:14", "surface": "UDHS", "ctx": " women un Uganda would die from maternal causes at existing rates. Moreover, it is\ndocumented that health care services during pregnancy and childbirth and after delivery are important\nfor the survival and well-being of both the mother and infant. This situation worsens when roads are\naffected by natural hazards.  As per the UDHS, 40.9 percent of women between 35-49 years old reported\nthat they have serious problems in accessing health facilities for themselves when they are sick because\n\n\n25 Article 61, Refugee Regulations 2010\n26 Redundancies are alternate routes\n\n\nApr 07, 2020 Page 8 of 16", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4474126696586609, "start": 333, "end": 337, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:15", "surface": "Accident Database Management System", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda: Roads and Bridges in the Refugee Hosting Districts Project (P171339)\n\n\nof distance to health care. <sup>27</sup> This situation worsens because of natural hazards. like flooding, erosion\nand mudslides that disrupts roads, causes accidents or make roads impassable, and these are expected\nto increase in frequency due to climate change.\n\n18. **Whereas 3,503 road fatalities were reported in the year 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO)**\n**estimated over 12,000 fatalities and a fatality rate of 29 per 100,000 population, higher than the**\n**average fatality rate of 26.6 percent for Africa** <sup>**28**</sup> **.** The overall annual cost of road crashes is estimated at\napproximately 5 percent of Uganda\u2019s GDP but budget allocations for road safety have been less than one\npercent of the budget for transport sector. MoWT is the lead ministry responsible for road safety through\nthe National Road Safety Council, a statutory body. A road safety performance review undertaken by the\nUnited Nations in the year 2018 <sup>29</sup> has underscored that the core issue in addressing the road safety\nchallenge in Uganda is implementation. Uganda has in place a National Road Safety Policy, a NonMotorized Transport Policy, road design manuals taking into consideration most of the road safety\naspects, road safety audit manual etc., but there is no effective implementation mechanism. Uganda\ncurrently does not have a functional Accident Database Management System <sup>30</sup> and in the absence of\nsuch a system, it is not practical to address the issue of underreporting as well as analysis of causes the\naccidents. Also, over 90 percent of the vehicles imported in Uganda are of second hand and there is no\nclear mechanism to inspect vehicles on a regular", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07332815229892731, "start": 1552, "end": 1576, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:16", "surface": "Road\nAsset Management System", "ctx": " a system, it is not practical to address the issue of underreporting as well as analysis of causes the\naccidents. Also, over 90 percent of the vehicles imported in Uganda are of second hand and there is no\nclear mechanism to inspect vehicles on a regular basis. The high number of road accidents in major urban\nareas is also due to the rapid increase in the use of commercial motorcycles \u2013 Boda Bodas <sup>31</sup> . Road safety\nawareness and training is a critical requirement because of different driving rules (right hand drive)\nprevalent in the neighboring countries from where the refugees come from.\n\n19. **Resources are a constraint and the GoU is in the process of considering the Roads Amendment Bill**\n**2018, which envisages to facilitate legal regime for tolling of roads. However, UNRA must substantially**\n**increase its project preparation and implementation capacity to carry out its current activities timely.**\nThe Uganda Road Fund (URF), which was created in 2008 and operationalized in 2010 as a secondgeneration road fund, is significantly underfunded and is enough for only 26 percent of maintenance\nneeds of NRs. Maintenance planning and preparation of investment plans are being done using the Road\nAsset Management System (RAMS) but the challenges to be addressed include collection of data and\nrunning the RAMS every year, training of staff and retention of trained staff. UNRA\u2019s annual expenditure\nis about US$630 million (about 11 percent for opex and the rest for capex) as against the budget provision\nof about US$1 billion and fund release of about US$757 million. The sources of expended funds include\nUS$71 million from the URF, US$122 million from the multilaterals, and the remaining US$437 million\nfrom the government\u2019s budgetary sources. The funds released and spent against multilateral projects\nare significantly lower than the budgets allocated. For example,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2337772101163864, "start": 1280, "end": 1311, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:17", "surface": "road crash database system", "ctx": "71 million from the URF, US$122 million from the multilaterals, and the remaining US$437 million\nfrom the government\u2019s budgetary sources. The funds released and spent against multilateral projects\nare significantly lower than the budgets allocated. For example, in the year 2017-18, 76.8 percent of\nbudget allocation for multilateral projects was not spent because of various reasons <sup>32</sup> . UNRA is also\npreparing a few projects for private financing.\n\n\n27 <u>[https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR333/FR333.pdf](https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR333/FR333.pdf)</u>\n28 World Health Organization, Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018\n29 UNECE: Uganda: Road Safety Performance Review Report\n30 A road crash database system was partially developed under the Transport Sector Development Project, a Bank-funded\nproject. Its development could be completed and operationalized with a relatively small investment.\n31 https://www.grsproadsafety.org/programmes/countries/uganda/\n32 UNRA Diagnostic Study funded by the World Bank \u2013 DFID multi-donor trust fund\n\n\nApr 07, 2020 Page 9 of 16", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.25659486651420593, "start": 761, "end": 793, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:18", "surface": "baseline\nsurveys for monitoring of air quality", "ctx": " of transport infrastructure <sup>36</sup> . Because of the gravel surface, there\nis severe dust in the vicinity of the KYM road corridor and the air quality is very poor. Results of baseline\nsurveys for monitoring of air quality conducted at 8 locations along the KYM road indicate that the trading\ncenters and health centers close to the road registered relatively high values for particulate matter for\nboth PM10 and PM2.5 due to dust. The average readings recorded at all the sites except Likidobo Village\n\n\n33 The host and refugee population of Koboko district are 258,000 and 5,423 (2 percent of the host population) respectively, the\nhost and refugee population of Yumbe district are 663,600 and 232,109 (35 percent of host population) respectively, and the\nhost and refugee population of Obongi district, which is a new district carved out of Moyo district, are 48,300 and 122,645 (254\n[percent of host population) respectively \u2013 Source: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/uga](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/uga)\n34 Bidibidi resettlement concentration Zone 2, Lobule and Palorinya settlements are about 9 km, 6 km and 18 km away\nrespectively from the KYM road and there are access roads to reach the settlements from the KYM road corridor.\n35 <u>[https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/74603](https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/74603)</u>\n36 Several agencies are actively operating in the project area; War Child Canada, UNHCR, OPEC Fund for International\nDevelopment, Saudi Fund for Development, Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa, Care International, UNICEF,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9451169967651367, "start": 183, "end": 239, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:19", "surface": "survey administered before\nCOVID-19", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOther Decision (as needed)\n\n\n**B. Introduction and Context**\n\n\nCountry Context\n\n1. **On August 4, 2020, a massive explosion in the Port of Beirut (POB) resulted in over 200 deaths, wounded**\n**over 6,000 and displaced 300,000 people** . Beyond the severe loss of life, due to the blast\u2019s scale and\nlocation, the impact on public infrastructure and on economic activity was and continues to be significant.\nBeirut\u2019s population density, the concentration of economic activity in the affected areas, especially\ncommerce, real estate and tourism, and the damage to the port itself, meant that the blast was\nparticularly damaging to prospects of economic recovery. A Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA)\nestimated damages of US$3.8\u20134.6 billion, economic losses of US$2.9\u20133.5 billion, and a priority recovery\nand reconstruction need of US$1.8\u20132.0 billion. <sup>1</sup>\n\n2. **The explosion came at a time when Lebanon faced a multitude of compounding challenges that include**\n**economic and banking crises, a severe balance-of-payments deficit, and recurring social unrest, and the**\n**onset of COVID-19, which exposed and exacerbated pre-existing vulnerabilities** . <sup>2</sup> In 2019-2020, a\nshortage of US dollars in the market resulted in parallel exchange rates, as well as capital controls \u2013 an\nunprecedented situation for Lebanon\u2019s historically free capital account. A survey administered before\nCOVID-19 found that 220,000 jobs had been temporarily or permanently lost between October 2019 and\nFebruary 2020, one-third of companies reduced their workforce by 60% on average", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.25834134221076965, "start": 1613, "end": 1641, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:20", "surface": "World Meter Coronavirus", "ctx": ". Beirut Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment. World Bank, Washington, DC. \u00a9\n[World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34401](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34401)\n[3 Conducted by InfoPro: http://www.businessnews.com.lb/cms/Story/StoryDetails/7423/220,000-jobs-lost-estimated-by-InfoPro.](http://www.businessnews.com.lb/cms/Story/StoryDetails/7423/220,000-jobs-lost-estimated-by-InfoPro)\n\n4 World Meter Coronavirus <u>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/lebanon/, dd June 21, 2021](https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/lebanon/)</u>\n\n\nOct 14, 2021 Page 3 of 20", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6154996752738953, "start": 450, "end": 521, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:21", "surface": "Spring 2021 LEM", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nand most recently, to 157.9% in March 2021.\u201d <sup>5</sup> Importantly, inflation is a highly regressive tax, affecting\nthe poor and vulnerable disproportionately, as well as people on fixed income, such as pensioners. <sup>6</sup>\n\n\n3. **Compounded by the global economic shock presented by COVID-19, disruptions in international food**\n**supply chains and trade networks exacerbate Lebanon\u2019s food security vulnerabilities.** Lebanon's\nremittances dropped by 20%, from 3.9 billion U.S. dollars in the first half of 2019 to 3.1 billion dollars in\nthe first half of 2020, according to Bank Byblos' Lebanon This Week report released on Tuesday February\n9, 2021. <sup>7</sup> Furthermore, the restrictions on movement to combat the pandemic have hindered foodrelated logistic services, disrupting food supply chains and jeopardizing food security for millions of\npeople. The higher levels of export restrictions particularly leave food-importing countries vulnerable to\ncommodity price fluctuations. The World Bank\u2019s Spring 2021 LEM found average food inflation to have\ngrown by a record 254 percent over 2020. <sup>8</sup> Meanwhile, the World Food Program (WFP) reported that the\nConsumer Price Index (CPI) experienced annual inflation of 133% between October 2019 and November\n2020, representing an all-time high since it began monthly price monitoring in 2007. <sup>9</sup> This is particularly\nrelevant as Lebanon imports at least 80% of its food supplies (ESCWA 2016). Real GDP growth is estimated\nto have contracted by 20.3 % in 2020, on the back of a 6.7 % contraction in 2019.\n\n4.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3512834906578064, "start": 1171, "end": 1183, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:22", "surface": "Consumer Price Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nand most recently, to 157.9% in March 2021.\u201d <sup>5</sup> Importantly, inflation is a highly regressive tax, affecting\nthe poor and vulnerable disproportionately, as well as people on fixed income, such as pensioners. <sup>6</sup>\n\n\n3. **Compounded by the global economic shock presented by COVID-19, disruptions in international food**\n**supply chains and trade networks exacerbate Lebanon\u2019s food security vulnerabilities.** Lebanon's\nremittances dropped by 20%, from 3.9 billion U.S. dollars in the first half of 2019 to 3.1 billion dollars in\nthe first half of 2020, according to Bank Byblos' Lebanon This Week report released on Tuesday February\n9, 2021. <sup>7</sup> Furthermore, the restrictions on movement to combat the pandemic have hindered foodrelated logistic services, disrupting food supply chains and jeopardizing food security for millions of\npeople. The higher levels of export restrictions particularly leave food-importing countries vulnerable to\ncommodity price fluctuations. The World Bank\u2019s Spring 2021 LEM found average food inflation to have\ngrown by a record 254 percent over 2020. <sup>8</sup> Meanwhile, the World Food Program (WFP) reported that the\nConsumer Price Index (CPI) experienced annual inflation of 133% between October 2019 and November\n2020, representing an all-time high since it began monthly price monitoring in 2007. <sup>9</sup> This is particularly\nrelevant as Lebanon imports at least 80% of its food supplies (ESCWA 2016). Real GDP growth is estimated\nto have contracted by 20.3 % in 2020, on the back of a 6.7 % contraction in 2019.\n\n4.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8228111863136292, "start": 1359, "end": 1390, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:23", "surface": "migrants surveyed in May 2020", "ctx": " particularly\nrelevant as Lebanon imports at least 80% of its food supplies (ESCWA 2016). Real GDP growth is estimated\nto have contracted by 20.3 % in 2020, on the back of a 6.7 % contraction in 2019.\n\n4. **The pandemic and ensuing lockdowns have affected the poor, refugees, and other vulnerable**\n**populations disproportionately, on a global scale as well as on a national scale** . In Lebanon, a wide range\nof vulnerable groups have been negatively impacted by the pandemic ranging from the loss of livelihoods\nof informal workers and micro-entrepreneurs, additional economic insecurity for refugees and migrants,\nto the overlook of the health needs of the elderly and the disabled. <sup>10</sup> Lockdown measures to fight the\npandemic, topped by the global recession, have resulted in permanent and temporary lay-offs with\nparticularly detrimental effects on informal workers. Syrian refugees have experienced economic hardship\nin 2020: there was a 44% increase in refugees under the Survival Minimum Expenditure Basket (SMEB),\nmeaning that 89% now cannot meet their basic needs and are prone to a deprivation of a series of rights. <sup>11</sup>\nIn addition, 83% of migrants surveyed in May 2020 reported that they struggled to make payments for\nfood in the last 30 days. <sup>12</sup> Older people suffer from a lack of health and protection systems. Persons with\ndisabilities have also been disproportionately affected by interrupted health services and social support\nat home, including personal assistance. <sup>13</sup>\n\n5. **The blast further exacerbated socioeconomic hardship, undermined trust in governmental institutions**\n**and increased existing pressures for emigration** . Even before the explosion, the fallout of the economic\ncrisis and the pandemic had led to a significant increase in poverty and a shrinking middle class. The Fall\n2021", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1132383942604065, "start": 1240, "end": 1269, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:24", "surface": "Fall\n2021 LEM", "ctx": ", undermined trust in governmental institutions**\n**and increased existing pressures for emigration** . Even before the explosion, the fallout of the economic\ncrisis and the pandemic had led to a significant increase in poverty and a shrinking middle class. The Fall\n2021 LEM estimated that poverty rates have surged from 28% in 2019 to 55.3% in 2020. <sup>14</sup> As of Spring\n2021, projections using older data suggest that well over half of Lebanon\u2019s population was under the\n\n\n5 Lebanon Economic Monitor, Spring 2021. World Bank.\n6 Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2020. World Bank.\n7 Bank Byblos (February 2020) Lebanon This Week \u2018Lebanon\u2019s expats\u2019 remittances drop by 20% in H1 of 2020 in Xinhuanet.\n8 Lebanon Economic Monitor, Spring 2021. World Bank.\n9 World Food Program (December 2020) Lebanon, VAM Update of Food Price and Market Trends.\n<u>[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WFP-0000122981.pdf](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WFP-0000122981.pdf)</u>\n10 <u>[https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/media/5616/file](https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/media/5616/file)</u>\n11 <u>[https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2020-key-findings-2020-vulnerability-assessment-syrian-refugees-lebanon](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2020-key-findings-2020-vulnerability-assessment-sy", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7811586856842041, "start": 276, "end": 298, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:25", "surface": "survey\nconducted by the World Bank", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nnational poverty line. <sup>15</sup> These developments increase pressures for emigration, especially among the\nmiddle class. Such deprivations have further degraded the relationship between people and the state.\nGrievances with the political system and dissatisfaction with the state\u2019s mismanagement of the economy\nand its entrenched corruption resulted in nationwide protests in late 2019. Since, intermittent social\nunrest highlights the needs for a new social contract between citizens and the government. In a survey\nconducted by the World Bank among victims of the blast, the overwhelming majority of respondents\nreport having \u201cno trust at all\u201d in political parties, the Council for Development and Reconstruction, or\nmunicipalities. <sup>16</sup>\n\n6. **The formation of a new government of \u201cdetermination and hope\u201d in September 2021, and the**\n**subsequent vote of parliamentary confidence this received, lays an important potential foundation for**\n**solving these challenges** . However, even in a political best case scenario, the deep socio-economic\nimpacts of the above crises upon the people of Lebanon will take considerable time and investment in\npublic sector service delivery reform to address sustainably. As such, stop-gap measures to meet the\nimmediate socio-economic needs of vulnerable groups remains important for both alleviating emergency\nhardship and setting the stage for longer-term recovery.\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n\n7. **The World Bank Group (WBG), United Nations (UN), and European Union (EU), in cooperation with civil**\n**society, the Government of Lebanon (GoL) and the international community, developed the Reform,**\n**Recovery and Reconstruction Framework (3RF) to respond to the acute situation in Lebanon.** The 3RF\nprovides a roadmap to operationalize the findings of the R", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8025562763214111, "start": 652, "end": 690, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:26", "surface": "Lebanon Economic Monitor", "ctx": " (GoL) and the international community, developed the Reform,**\n**Recovery and Reconstruction Framework (3RF) to respond to the acute situation in Lebanon.** The 3RF\nprovides a roadmap to operationalize the findings of the RDNA and other assessments and responds to\nthe devastating explosion in the POB. It presents a set of sequenced, specific, and targeted interventions\nin the immediate and short term that will help Lebanon achieve three central goals in response to the\nBeirut port explosion: (a) people-centred recovery; (b) reconstruction of critical assets; and (c)\nimplementation of reforms. The 3RF is structured around four strategic pillars: (a) improving governance\nand accountability; (b) jobs and opportunities; (c) social protection, inclusion, and culture; and (d)\nimproving services and infrastructure.\n\n\n8. **The WBG, the UN and EU, with support from key donors, established a pooled financing mechanism,**\n**the Lebanon Financing Facility (LFF) that will be one of the instruments to channel support to selected**\n**priorities under the 3RF** . Its objective is to support the immediate socio-economic recovery of vulnerable\npeople and businesses affected by the Beirut port explosion and to build the foundation for medium-term\nrecovery and the sustainable reconstruction of the POB and affected neighbourhoods. The LFF provides\nan important means for mobilizing support in a transparent, inclusive, timely and well-coordinated\nmanner, especially in a context of high uncertainty. It proposes innovative and flexible implementation\nmodalities as it seeks to provide direct support to capable non-government organizations (NGOs) and civil\nsociety organizations (CSOs), as well as to private sector intermediaries to reach affected micro, small and\nmedium-sized enterprises.\n\n9. **Several assessments conducted after the POB explosion highlight the priority areas for recovery and**\n\n\n15 Lebanon Economic Monitor, Spring", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1940, "end": 1940, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:27", "surface": "rapid assessment of male refugees from Syria", "ctx": ".** Civil society organizations\nhave highlighted both the lack of sufficient safe spaces and resources, and the dire need to scale up service\nprovision of integrated GBV and sexual and reproductive health services to reach the most vulnerable and\nmarginalized in Beirut and the rest of Lebanon. <sup>19</sup> Civil society organizations also reported that increasing\nlevels of poverty were intensifying drivers of GBV, forcing women to resort to risky measures for survival\nthat are shaped by the inequalities they regularly face, including girls working in the streets or sex\nindustry. <sup>20</sup> In losing their livelihoods, women are among the most vulnerable for food insecurity, with\nmany becoming increasingly reliant on negative coping strategies such as skipping meals and incurring\ndebt. <sup>21</sup> Compounding matters, survivors of GBV experience difficulties in reporting incidents or accessing\nservices due to the limited access to communication devices, lack of privacy, stigma, or the presence of\nperpetrators within the same household. Additionally, a recent survey revealed that the second most\ncommon form of GBV in the country was forced and early marriage of girls. <sup>22</sup> This risk may increase given\nongoing economic pressures on many household incomes.\n\n12. **GBV also affects men and boys, including within the refugee and migrant communities.** In conflict\nsituations, men, and boys, just as women and girls, are raped or subjected to other forms of sexual\nviolence. In a 2013 rapid assessment of male refugees from Syria (aged 12-24), 10.8% had experienced an\nincident of sexual harm or harassment in the previous three months, of which none had accessed support\nservices. <sup>23</sup> Data in Beirut/Mount Lebanon indicates that in 2020, 21%of child sexual abuse survivors are\n\n\n17 <u>[https://www.icj.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.04953658580780029, "start": 1617, "end": 1657, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:28", "surface": "Data in Beirut/Mount Lebanon", "ctx": ".** Civil society organizations\nhave highlighted both the lack of sufficient safe spaces and resources, and the dire need to scale up service\nprovision of integrated GBV and sexual and reproductive health services to reach the most vulnerable and\nmarginalized in Beirut and the rest of Lebanon. <sup>19</sup> Civil society organizations also reported that increasing\nlevels of poverty were intensifying drivers of GBV, forcing women to resort to risky measures for survival\nthat are shaped by the inequalities they regularly face, including girls working in the streets or sex\nindustry. <sup>20</sup> In losing their livelihoods, women are among the most vulnerable for food insecurity, with\nmany becoming increasingly reliant on negative coping strategies such as skipping meals and incurring\ndebt. <sup>21</sup> Compounding matters, survivors of GBV experience difficulties in reporting incidents or accessing\nservices due to the limited access to communication devices, lack of privacy, stigma, or the presence of\nperpetrators within the same household. Additionally, a recent survey revealed that the second most\ncommon form of GBV in the country was forced and early marriage of girls. <sup>22</sup> This risk may increase given\nongoing economic pressures on many household incomes.\n\n12. **GBV also affects men and boys, including within the refugee and migrant communities.** In conflict\nsituations, men, and boys, just as women and girls, are raped or subjected to other forms of sexual\nviolence. In a 2013 rapid assessment of male refugees from Syria (aged 12-24), 10.8% had experienced an\nincident of sexual harm or harassment in the previous three months, of which none had accessed support\nservices. <sup>23</sup> Data in Beirut/Mount Lebanon indicates that in 2020, 21%of child sexual abuse survivors are\n\n\n17 <u>[https://www.icj.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1843, "end": 1843, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:29", "surface": "GBV hotline", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nboys under the age of 18. <sup>24</sup>\n\n13. **The COVID-19 outbreak increased the risk of GBV, particularly after the first strict lockdown that had**\n**been put in place to prevent the spread of the virus.** This trend has been recorded worldwide in countries\nwhich enforced strict lockdowns. <sup>25</sup> Lebanese authorities reported a marked increase of 51% in the number\nof incoming calls to the GBV hotline related to domestic violence from February 2020 to October 2020. <sup>26</sup>\nDuring strict lockdowns, household tensions can spiral as families are confined to their homes with poor\njob security, causing stress, anxiety, and an environment where the likelihood of intimate partner violence\ncan be heightened, compounded by pre-existing inequalities, the different waves of political uprisings and\nthe devaluation of the Lebanese pound which have triggered one of the worst socio-economic crisis since\nthe civil war. GBV case managers have reported an increase of survivors reaching out to their hotlines\nparticularly due to the restrictions on face-to-face services, with physical assault and psychological/\nemotional abuse as the most prominent type of incidents reported <sup>27</sup> . The pandemic and ensuing\nlockdowns have restricted freedom of movements and survivors\u2019 ability to seek help or support from the\nsurvivor\u2019s social network. Care Lebanon reports that the GBV response and prevention services have\nslowed down since the pandemic, while access to legal protection for survivors has been delayed due to\nthe courts closure. <sup>28</sup>\n\n14. **The POB blast exposed women, girls, men, and boys to displacement, precarity, further vulnerability to**\n**GBV", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.477613240480423, "start": 540, "end": 553, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:30", "surface": "Gallup data", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nrisks including child marriage, domestic violence and intimate partner violence, sexual exploitation and\nassault, as well as intimidation and fear of violence within their communities. <sup>34</sup> Among Syrian refugees,\nthe most reported forms of violence against women and girls include physical assault, domestic and sexual\nviolence, emotional abuse, denial of resources, and forced and child marriage.\n\n**Psycho-social wellbeing**\n\n\n16. **The amalgam of the different crises affecting Lebanon have had a dire effect on the psycho-social**\n**wellbeing of its population, where levels of stress, worry, and pain soared to record levels in 2019, even**\n**before the shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the POB explosion.** In 2019, Gallup data showed that\nLebanese adults have experienced the most emotional blow between 2018 and 2019 worldwide. Their\nNegative Experience Index rose 18 points, while their Positive Experience Index score dropped 12 points. <sup>35</sup>\nThe percentage of Lebanese who experienced sadness more than doubled, from 19% to 40%, and nearly\ntwice as many were angry in 2019 (43%) compared to 2018 (23%). A national representative survey in\nLebanon conducted prior to the Syrian conflict showed that one in six people met criteria for at least one\nmental disorder, with 27% of these classified as \u201cserious\u201d. <sup>36</sup> Embrace, an NGO running a national suicide\nprevention hotline (1564), reported its call volume to have tripled between 2019 and 2020, with 18-to34-year-olds consistently accounting for more than half of this number but the share of other age brackets\ngrowing. <sup>37</sup> The call volume continued to increase in the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.15010789036750793, "start": 896, "end": 910, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:31", "surface": "national representative survey in\nLebanon", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nrisks including child marriage, domestic violence and intimate partner violence, sexual exploitation and\nassault, as well as intimidation and fear of violence within their communities. <sup>34</sup> Among Syrian refugees,\nthe most reported forms of violence against women and girls include physical assault, domestic and sexual\nviolence, emotional abuse, denial of resources, and forced and child marriage.\n\n**Psycho-social wellbeing**\n\n\n16. **The amalgam of the different crises affecting Lebanon have had a dire effect on the psycho-social**\n**wellbeing of its population, where levels of stress, worry, and pain soared to record levels in 2019, even**\n**before the shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the POB explosion.** In 2019, Gallup data showed that\nLebanese adults have experienced the most emotional blow between 2018 and 2019 worldwide. Their\nNegative Experience Index rose 18 points, while their Positive Experience Index score dropped 12 points. <sup>35</sup>\nThe percentage of Lebanese who experienced sadness more than doubled, from 19% to 40%, and nearly\ntwice as many were angry in 2019 (43%) compared to 2018 (23%). A national representative survey in\nLebanon conducted prior to the Syrian conflict showed that one in six people met criteria for at least one\nmental disorder, with 27% of these classified as \u201cserious\u201d. <sup>36</sup> Embrace, an NGO running a national suicide\nprevention hotline (1564), reported its call volume to have tripled between 2019 and 2020, with 18-to34-year-olds consistently accounting for more than half of this number but the share of other age brackets\ngrowing. <sup>37</sup> The call volume continued to increase in the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1619540899991989, "start": 1329, "end": 1355, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:32", "surface": "surveys undertaken since the blast", "ctx": " between 2019 and 2020, with 18-to34-year-olds consistently accounting for more than half of this number but the share of other age brackets\ngrowing. <sup>37</sup> The call volume continued to increase in the first half of 2021, with 565 calls received in\nJanuary, 602 in February, 760 in March, and more than 1000 in April and May. <sup>38</sup>\n\n17. **An exacerbating economic and political crisis, COVID-19 and the POB blast have further heightened**\n**negative feelings and experiences for many, particularly vulnerable people in Beirut.** Traumatizing\nevents, loss, separation, GBV, financial struggles or drastic changes in social and living conditions are likely\nto lead to people experiencing several distressing psychological reactions, which might have short or longterm impacts on people\u2019s mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. The explosion as well as its political\nand economic shockwaves have affected most families, their community structures, schools and\nworkplaces, increased risks and exacerbated pre-existing vulnerabilities and inequalities, particularly\naround gender. The results of several surveys undertaken since the blast have shown that a significant\nnumber of respondents have experienced and continue to experience mental health issues. <sup>39</sup> Many refer\nto this as negatively impacting on their personal well-being and their sense of social inclusion and\nconnection to their families and communities.\n\n18. **The mental health sector in Lebanon has been undergoing a major reform, initiated by the National**\n**Mental Health Programme in 2015.** Progress has been made as shown by the external mid-term\nevaluation conducted in 2018, <sup>40</sup> for the implementation of the National Mental Health and Substance Use\n\n\n34 <mark>BMC Women\u2019s Health Continuum of sexual and gender-based violence risks among Syrian refugee women and girls in</mark", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.034506265074014664, "start": 1168, "end": 1208, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:33", "surface": "Embrace 2021 Monthly Hotline Reports", "ctx": "2504d9b2-17d2-4242-b815-385d48374e16.pdf](https://www.embracelebanon.org/Media/publications/pdfs/2504d9b2-17d2-4242-b815-385d48374e16.pdf)</u>\n38 Embrace 2021 Monthly Hotline Reports. Note: no monthly reports are publicly available beyond May 2021.\n<u>[https://embracelebanon.org/ourimpact?id=4](https://embracelebanon.org/ourimpact?id=4)</u>\n39 World Bank (Aug 2020) Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment that took place in Beirut, Lebanon, between August 5 and 31, 2020.\n40https://www.moph.gov.lb/userfiles/files/Report-Mid<u>[term%20evaluation%20of%20the%20Lebanon%20Mental%20Health%20Strategy%202015-2020.pdf](https://www.moph.gov.lb/userfiles/files/Report-Mid-term%20evaluation%20of%20the%20Lebanon%20Mental%20Health%20Strategy%202015-2020.pdf)</u>\n\n\nOct 14, 2021 Page 8 of 20", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5747668743133545, "start": 154, "end": 189, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:34", "surface": "Rapid Needs\nAssessment", "ctx": " under the regional No Lost\nGeneration strategy. <sup>45</sup> The work also aligns with the national Child Protection Policy, developed by the\nMinistry of Education and Higher Education, in the form of its education personnel and psychosocial\nsupport counsellors. A combination of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World\nHealth Organization (WHO), United Nations Children\u2019s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and others provide\nthese services to both refugees from Syrian and vulnerable Lebanese, while United Nations Relief and\nWorks Agency for Palestine Refugees United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine\nRefugees (UNRWA) provides these services to Palestinian refugees.\n\n**Persons with Disabilities and Older Persons**\n\n\n20. **Conditions for persons with disabilities and Older Persons (OPs) had been deteriorating since 2019 as**\n**the compound crises affected these groups disproportionately.** <sup>46</sup> The POB explosion only exacerbated\nthese vulnerabilities further. In fact, at the end of 2019, the Ministry of Social Affairs \u2013 which had\npreviously delivered services to persons with disabilities \u2013 rescinded its support services due to budgetary\nshortages. In turn, civil society partners providing services to persons with disabilities and OPs recorded a\nsignificant increase in their Lebanese caseload over the course of 2020. <sup>47</sup> In late May 2020, a Rapid Needs\nAssessment conducted by HelpAge International in Beirut identified that 68% of people aged 50 and above\nhad at least one disability or impairment. <sup>48</sup> While reliable data quantifying the impact of the blast on these\nnumbers does not exist, an August 2021 Human Rights Watch investigation estimated that 150 people\n\n\n[41https://www.moph.gov.lb/userfiles/files/Mental%20Health%20and%20Substance%20Use%20Strategy%20for%20", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.14295826852321625, "start": 1498, "end": 1509, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:35", "surface": "survey of a sample of residents", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nwere left with a physical disability. <sup>49</sup> However, with the total number of injuries reported in the thousands,\nthis figure could in fact be considerably larger.\n\n21. **The heightened needs of persons with disabilities and OPs during and after crises has been well-**\n**documented with strong evidence showing that these needs are often overlooked.** <sup>50</sup> In the immediate\naftermath of the blast, cash assistance and shelter support were identified as key areas for emergency\nsupport, while access to medical supplies and services were identified as top priorities for Persons with\nDisabilities and older persons in the medium to longer term. In a survey of a sample of residents of the\nPOB area from all age groups, 34% reported that their family had difficulties accessing health services and\n45% reported difficulties accessing medicines. <sup>51</sup> This was a particular concern for 65% of older personheaded households who have a chronic disease that require medicine and are at a heightened risk of\ncontracting COVID-19. Elderly women who live alone are particularly vulnerable, given their greater\nlikelihood of not having access to savings, pensions, and other social protection instruments. <sup>52</sup>\n\n22. **To support the elderly and disabled Syrian refugees and vulnerable Lebanese, the GoL and the UN LCRP**\n**strategy guided programming for 2020**, specifically by the Persons with Specific Needs sub-committee\nunder the Protection Sector. The sub-committee identified that in 2020, gaps in support to persons with\ndisabilities were particularly at risk of emerging. Activities conducted by sector partners include: (i)\nsupport Primary Health Care Centres (PHC); (ii) support to Mobile Medical Units (MMUs)", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.20232191681861877, "start": 806, "end": 835, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:36", "surface": "gross domestic product", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nGenerating Livelihoods and Opportunities for Women (GLOW) Uganda (P176747)\n\n\n\n**B. Introduction and Context**\n\n\n**_Country Context_**\n\n1. **Although Uganda\u2019s economy was undergoing a structural transformation prior to 2020 when the Covid-19 crisis**\n**disrupted economic activity, it was not reaching the ambitious targets presented in the second National Development**\n**Plan.** Uganda\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average 8 percent annually during 2002\u201312, before decelerating\nto around 5 percent, with a further decline following the Covid-19 shock. The slowdown in growth resulted in a halving of\nper capita GDP since 2015 compared to the previous five years. At the same time, people employed in on-farm agriculture\nfell from 71 percent to 62 percent between 2015 and 2019, as industrial production accelerated. The share of industry in\nGDP increased to over 28 percent during 2015 to 2019 compared with about 26 percent in the previous five years.\nContributing about 16 percent of GDP, manufacturing is now the largest sub-sector in the economy. The share of the\nservices sector grew slightly from 46 to 47 percent during 2015 to 2019 compared to the previous five years. On the other\nhand, the contribution of the agricultural sector decreased, from about 28 to 25 percent in these two time periods, driven\nto some extent by inefficient government spending, inadequate market regulations, challenges related to counterfeit\ninputs including fertilizers and chemicals and volatile weather patterns. Prior to the Covid-19 crisis, real output growth\nhad recovered in fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019 to above 6 percent\u2014driven primarily by the industry sector\u2014following the\nslowdown in growth in fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2017 attributed to several shocks, including weather conditions, private sector\ncredit constraints and unrest in South Sudan, which disrupted trade.\n\n2. **After making significant progress in reducing", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4799326956272125, "start": 445, "end": 457, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:37", "surface": "Uganda National Household Survey", "ctx": " primarily by the industry sector\u2014following the\nslowdown in growth in fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2017 attributed to several shocks, including weather conditions, private sector\ncredit constraints and unrest in South Sudan, which disrupted trade.\n\n2. **After making significant progress in reducing poverty in the decade from 2002 to 2012, poverty has plateaued in**\n**recent years.** According to the Uganda National Household Survey, between 2012/13 and 2016/17, the share of\npopulation living under the national poverty line increased from 19.7 percent to 21.4 percent, a 1.7 percentage point\ndeterioration that resulted in around 1.4 million Ugandans slipping into poverty. Drought was the main driver of the\nincrease in poverty between 2012/13 and 2016/17. <sup>1</sup> Households engaged in agriculture accounted for about three\nquarters of the increase poverty. <sup>2</sup> Poverty fell during 2016/17\u20132019/20 to 20.3 percent, according to preliminary\ninformation based on Uganda National Household Survey 2019/20 as presented by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics\n(UBOS). Rural poverty continued to be much higher than the urban poverty in 2019/20: 23.4 versus 11.7 percent\naccordingly. The highest headcount poverty rates were observed in Acholi (67 percent), Karamoja (65.7 percent), Busoga\n(29.4 percent) and Kigezi (27.8 percent) sub-regions. The sub-regions with the largest number of poor were Busoga,\n\n\n1 World Bank. 2019. \u201cDetour from the Poverty Reduction Path: Uganda Poverty Update Note\u2014Uganda National Household Survey\n2016\u201317.\u201d World Bank, Washington, DC.\n2 Other contributing factors were the overall economic slowdown and widening in regional inequality observed since 2012/13. The\nonly region where poverty did not increase was the Northern", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8753954172134399, "start": 423, "end": 450, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:38", "surface": "Uganda National Household Survey 2019/20", "ctx": " primarily by the industry sector\u2014following the\nslowdown in growth in fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2017 attributed to several shocks, including weather conditions, private sector\ncredit constraints and unrest in South Sudan, which disrupted trade.\n\n2. **After making significant progress in reducing poverty in the decade from 2002 to 2012, poverty has plateaued in**\n**recent years.** According to the Uganda National Household Survey, between 2012/13 and 2016/17, the share of\npopulation living under the national poverty line increased from 19.7 percent to 21.4 percent, a 1.7 percentage point\ndeterioration that resulted in around 1.4 million Ugandans slipping into poverty. Drought was the main driver of the\nincrease in poverty between 2012/13 and 2016/17. <sup>1</sup> Households engaged in agriculture accounted for about three\nquarters of the increase poverty. <sup>2</sup> Poverty fell during 2016/17\u20132019/20 to 20.3 percent, according to preliminary\ninformation based on Uganda National Household Survey 2019/20 as presented by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics\n(UBOS). Rural poverty continued to be much higher than the urban poverty in 2019/20: 23.4 versus 11.7 percent\naccordingly. The highest headcount poverty rates were observed in Acholi (67 percent), Karamoja (65.7 percent), Busoga\n(29.4 percent) and Kigezi (27.8 percent) sub-regions. The sub-regions with the largest number of poor were Busoga,\n\n\n1 World Bank. 2019. \u201cDetour from the Poverty Reduction Path: Uganda Poverty Update Note\u2014Uganda National Household Survey\n2016\u201317.\u201d World Bank, Washington, DC.\n2 Other contributing factors were the overall economic slowdown and widening in regional inequality observed since 2012/13. The\nonly region where poverty did not increase was the Northern", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8239175081253052, "start": 1033, "end": 1072, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:39", "surface": "Uganda National Household Survey", "ctx": "\u2014Uganda National Household Survey\n2016\u201317.\u201d World Bank, Washington, DC.\n2 Other contributing factors were the overall economic slowdown and widening in regional inequality observed since 2012/13. The\nonly region where poverty did not increase was the Northern region. Poverty declined in this region because of favorable weather\nconditions and increased transfers (remittances and social transfers).\n\n\nJun 15, 2021 Page 3 of 13", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8282176852226257, "start": 0, "end": 43, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:40", "surface": "national Uganda\nphone survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nGenerating Livelihoods and Opportunities for Women (GLOW) Uganda (P176747)\n\n\nfollowed by Bukedi and Acholi accounting for 14 percent, 10.4 percent, and 10.3 percent of all the poor in the country in\n2019/20 accordingly. The economic disruptions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic are likely to have reversed the gains. <sup>3</sup>\n\n3. **Household consumption is generally higher for people working in the non-agricultural sectors, in which women**\n**participation is lower.** Employment in non-agriculture sectors in Uganda was associated with significantly higher\nconsumption levels in 2016/17. <sup>4</sup> In particular, consumption was found to be higher for households engaged in the\nindustry/manufacturing, services, or other sectors than those engaged in agriculture. Consumption of those employed in\nthe services sector was an estimated 36\u201338 percent higher than people working in the agriculture sector. Consumption of\nworkers employed in the industry sector was 11\u201312 higher than those in agriculture.\n\n\n4. **Covid-19 has had a profound negative impact on Uganda\u2019s labor markets, affecting women more than men with**\n**larger work stoppages in urban areas and in non-agriculture sectors.** According to the results from the national Uganda\nphone survey, about 19 percent of respondents who worked before the lockdown stopped working by June 2020. <sup>5</sup>\nRespondents from urban areas and those who worked in the services sector had the largest incidence of work stoppages.\nFemale respondents were more likely to stop working then male respondents (23 versus 16 percent) and the gap was\nparticularly pronounced in urban areas and among respondents age 15\u201330. In addition, lockdown policies, such as stayat-home orders, that were used to contain the coronavirus may", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.35385990142822266, "start": 1331, "end": 1359, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:41", "surface": "household survey of 1,500 refugees", "ctx": " working then male respondents (23 versus 16 percent) and the gap was\nparticularly pronounced in urban areas and among respondents age 15\u201330. In addition, lockdown policies, such as stayat-home orders, that were used to contain the coronavirus may have unintentionally increased gender-based violence\n(GBV) for women and girls. In Uganda 22 percent of women experienced sexual violence during lockdown; GBV cases\nincreased to 3,280 in April 2020, higher than in the same period in 2019. <sup>6</sup> For refugee women, the lockdown and economic\nrecession further reduced their incomes and exacerbated their vulnerability. A December 2020 assessment based on a\nhousehold survey of 1,500 refugees in Kampala and the settlements, and 185 expert interviews reported that 53 percent\nof girls and 46 percent of women said they had taken on additional unpaid work, most commonly cooking, housework,\ncollecting firewood, and fetching water. <sup>7</sup>\n\n\n5. **The economic empowerment of women is critical to ensure an inclusive recovery from Covid-19 and a strong**\n**recovery of economic growth overall.** Not only will an inclusive recovery help Ugandan women who were\ndisproportionately affected by the pandemic and pushed further into poverty, it will assist the entire economy as women\u2019s\npotential is harnessed as paid employees and as owners of growth-oriented small and medium enterprises. Tapping into\nwomen\u2019s economic potential is essential in achieving what the most recent _Uganda Economic Update_ describes as an\n\u201cintegrated response across shorter-term recovery macro management policies and longer-term actions that will spur a\ngreener, more resilient, and inclusive recovery.\u201d <sup>8</sup> Enhancing women\u2019s participation and decision-making power is critical\n\n\n3 Since the data collection was conducted before and after the lockdown in 2019 and 2020, on top of the national poverty rate, UBOS", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9637572765350342, "start": 686, "end": 713, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:42", "surface": "microdata", "ctx": "\u201d <sup>8</sup> Enhancing women\u2019s participation and decision-making power is critical\n\n\n3 Since the data collection was conducted before and after the lockdown in 2019 and 2020, on top of the national poverty rate, UBOS\nreported pre-Covid-19 and Covid-19 period poverty rates: 18.7 and 21.9 percent accordingly. However, it is not clear however if all\nnegative changes after 2019 should be attributed to Covid-19 or can be also related to other factors, for example weather changes.\nSecond, as the data collection in 2020 was conducted during July-November, obtained poverty rate cannot represent the full year of\n2020. Since microdata are not yet available to the World Bank team, analysis of factors behind changes in poverty during 2016/17 and\n2019/20 has not yet been conducted.\n4 World Bank. 2019. \u201cDetour from the Poverty Reduction Path: Uganda Poverty Update Note - Uganda National Household Survey\n2016\u201317.\u201d World Bank, Washington, DC.\n5 World Bank. 2020. Covid-19 Impact Monitoring: Uganda, Round 1. World Bank, Washington, DC.\n[6 Nabukeera, 2021 https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/opinion-and-blog/prevention-response-gender-based-violence-gbv-](https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/opinion-and-blog/prevention-response-gender-based-violence-gbv-during-novel-covid-19-lockdown)\n<u>[during-novel-covid-19-lockdown](https://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/opinion-and-blog/prevention-response-gender-based-violence-gbv-during-novel-covid-19-lockdown)</u>\n7 UNHCR", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4587785601615906, "start": 657, "end": 659, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:43", "surface": "Global Enterprise Monitor survey", "ctx": "up> Only about 13 percent of women are paid employees compared with\n23.3 percent of men. <sup>12</sup> Women also tend to hold lower-level positions: only 1.9 percent of women are employed as a\nmanager or administrator, and only 2.4 percent as an associate professional, compared with male rates of 2.4 and 3.4\npercent respectively. <sup>13</sup>\n\n\n**Table 1: Sex Segregation in the Labor Market (UBOS 2011/12 and 2016/17)**\n\n|Employment Status|2011/12|Col3|Col4|2016/17|Col6|Col7|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**Male**|**Female**|**Total**|**Male**|**Female**|**Total**|\n|Paid employee|23.3|11.3|17.3|26.1|13.0|19.5|\n|Self-employed|58.1|66.3|62.2|69.5|79.8|74.8|\n|Contributing family worker|18.6|22.4|20.5|3.9|6.9|5.4|\n|Other forms of work|n/a|n/a|n/a|0.4|0.3|0.4|\n\n\n\n8. **Uganda has a strong culture of entrepreneurship, including among women.** The Global Enterprise Monitor survey\n(2012) ranked it the most entrepreneurial country in the world, with 88 percent of respondents saying they felt they had\n\u201chigh\u201d entrepreneurial capacity, and 81 percent perceiving good business", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.20790086686611176, "start": 945, "end": 967, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:44", "surface": "UBOS Labour Force Surveys", "ctx": " culture of entrepreneurship, including among women.** The Global Enterprise Monitor survey\n(2012) ranked it the most entrepreneurial country in the world, with 88 percent of respondents saying they felt they had\n\u201chigh\u201d entrepreneurial capacity, and 81 percent perceiving good business opportunities. However most businesses in\nUganda are started out of necessity rather than opportunity, tend to lack innovation or the potential to diversify, and few\n\n\n_and Climate Smart Agriculture_ (17 <sup>th</sup> Edition). Washington, DC: World Bank Group.\n9 Ibid. p. 37.\n10 Merotto. 2019. \u201cUganda: Jobs Strategy for Inclusive Growth.\u201d Job Series, Issue 19. World Bank, Washington, DC.\n11 Uganda Bureau of Statistics 2013. The Profiting from Parity: Unlocking the Potential of Women\u2019s Businesses in Africa.\n12 UBOS Labour Force Surveys, 2013 and 2018.\n13 UBOS 2018. Uganda Labour Force Survey.\n\n\nJun 15, 2021 Page 5 of 13", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4731714129447937, "start": 846, "end": 870, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:45", "surface": "Mastercard global index of women entrepreneurs", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nGenerating Livelihoods and Opportunities for Women (GLOW) Uganda (P176747)\n\n\ngrow large enough to employ others. The 2019 Mastercard global index of women entrepreneurs found Uganda to be one\nof only seven countries that achieved gender parity in terms of the number of women driven to pursue entrepreneurial\nactivities, referred to as the entrepreneurial activity rate. One in three (33.8 percent) of all businesses in Uganda are\nowned by women\u2014the highest rate in the Middle East and Africa regions.\n\n\n9. **Yet women tend to operate businesses that are smaller and located in less profitable sectors than those of men** .\nThe World Bank\u2019s 2019 _Profiting from Parity_ report found that women-owned firms earn 30 percent less in profits than\nmale-owned businesses, on average. <sup>14</sup> Women own only 19 percent of firms with more than 10 employees and only 10\npercent of firms with 100\u2013500 employees with a median number of only seven employees.\n\n\n10. **Refugee women represent a largely untapped source of entrepreneurship and growth.** Aid dependence is high,\nwith about 54 percent of all refugees citing aid as their main income source. <sup>15</sup> Younger refugee women tend to have more\naccess to paid work and are less dependent on aid. Female refugees are concentrated in unskilled and low-paid sector\noften working informally. Agriculture is the main sector of employment followed by small trade (services). In terms of\nregional differences, those residing in Kampala work mainly in retail trade and related activities, which is explained by the\nurban status of Kampala.\n\n**_Constraints to WEE and Entrepreneurship_**\n\n11. **There are several contextual and structural factors that affect women\u2019s ability to take advantage of economic**\n**opportunities.** The enabling environment is important including limitations", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.592521071434021, "start": 159, "end": 200, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:46", "surface": "2018 assessment", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nGenerating Livelihoods and Opportunities for Women (GLOW) Uganda (P176747)\n\n\nto male role models and knowledge of earnings across different sectors play critical roles in enabling some women to cross\nover into more profitable male-dominated sectors. <sup>16</sup>\n\n\n14. **Social norms also exert a strong influence over the strategic choices of women economic participation.** This\ninfluence can be direct (for example, expectation that \u201cwomen do not work as mechanics\u201d) or indirect (for example,\n\u201cwomen are responsible for childcare\u201d), which may lead women to choose sectors and scale of business that are\ncompatible with domestic tasks rather than choosing on the basis of where the best opportunities are. <sup>17</sup> Gender norms\nare also apparent in intrahousehold decision-making, impeding women\u2019s ability to invest profits in their businesses,\nbecause their hard-won earnings are diverted to other household and extended family needs.\n\n\n15. **Women often enter entrepreneurship without the education or skills to succeed** . Women entrepreneurs often\nlack the skills that market demands. Two-thirds of young women in employment lack a trade, technical skills, or a\nspecialization. <sup>18</sup> Among refugees, only 8 percent reported having received any kind of job training in a 2018 assessment.\nWhile global evidence points to the need for training in socio-emotional skills, through psychology-based trainings, these\ntypes of programs are rare in Uganda. <sup>19</sup>\n\n16. **Unpaid care work constrains the time women can devote to their businesses** . Pre-Covid-19 field estimates\nsuggested that Ugandan women spent 3.5 times more time on unpaid care work than men. <sup>20</sup> In 2020-21, school closures\nincreased women\u2019", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.18997494876384735, "start": 1399, "end": 1414, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:47", "surface": "December 2020 assessment", "ctx": " businesses** . Pre-Covid-19 field estimates\nsuggested that Ugandan women spent 3.5 times more time on unpaid care work than men. <sup>20</sup> In 2020-21, school closures\nincreased women\u2019s care responsibilities, limiting the hours they can devote to work or school and pushing many women\nout of the paid labor force entirely. A December 2020 assessment found that 53 percent of girls and 46 percent of women\ntake on additional unpaid work, most commonly cooking, housework, collecting firewood, and fetching water. <sup>21</sup>\n\n\n17. **Basic economic and social infrastructure is also a constraint for women just as it is for men, particularly in rural**\n**and peri-urban areas.** Programs that support female entrepreneurs may be successful only if they have satisfactory access\nto infrastructure, such as roads, energy, and communications so that they are able to obtain inputs and sell their goods.\nIn addition, care infrastructure may be important, as limited access to affordable quality childcare inhibits women\u2019s\nparticipation and time spent on paid work. Without the appropriate infrastructure in place it may be difficult to access\nmarkets and public services, increase productivity, and raise incomes. Provision public infrastructure\u2014water, sanitation,\nelectricity, and roads\u2014can also potentially ease women\u2019s time constraints. However, more empirical research is needed\nto understand how such infrastructure would affect the intrahousehold distribution of labor.\n\n\n18. **Lack of access to digital technologies is also a constraint on women\u2019s economic activity.** <sup>**22**</sup> Digital products, such\nas mobile money, can give women access to a safe and private savings platform, which can alleviate some of the pressures\n\n\n16 Campos et al. 2015. \u201cBreaking the Metal Ceiling Female Entrepreneurs Who Succeed in Male-Dominated Sectors.\u201d Policy Research\nWorking", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7902216911315918, "start": 343, "end": 364, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:48", "surface": "Uganda Demographic and Health Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nGenerating Livelihoods and Opportunities for Women (GLOW) Uganda (P176747)\n\n\nand barriers women face when trying to accumulate savings and potentially fund their businesses. In Uganda, only 44\npercent of women owned and could use a phone at any time compared to 62 percent of the men. <sup>23</sup> Financial innovations\nsuch as mobile money have raised financial inclusion in Africa. For example, the expansion of M-Pesa in Kenya was found\nto be particularly beneficial for women, increasing the financial savings of female-headed households and enabling women\nto move out of subsistence farming into businesses, lowering their reliance on multiple part-time jobs, and reducing the\naverage size of their households. <sup>24</sup>\n\n19. **Risk of GBV constitutes a significant barrier to women\u2019s economic empowerment (WEE) in Uganda, including for**\n**refugees** . Based on the most recent Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (2016), 51 percent of women ages 15\u201349\nhave experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence by an intimate partner; among refugees, this was 64 percent.\nGBV limits women\u2019s ability to access economic opportunities through its adverse impacts on physical and mental health,\nas well as the costs of accessing support services. A 2012 study estimated that 65 percent of women experiencing domestic\nviolence found it difficult to enjoy or perform daily activities after an incident, and 15 percent felt unable to play a useful\npart in the household afterward. The study estimated that GBV annually costs Uganda US$77.5 billion in expenses and\nlost profits. <sup>25</sup>\n\n20. **The risk of being exposed to GBV may also discourage women from entering more profitable sectors or growing**\n**a business if it threatens norms around the role of a male provider** . The", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19352398812770844, "start": 967, "end": 1010, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:49", "surface": "survey of refugee settlements", "ctx": "25</sup>\n\n20. **The risk of being exposed to GBV may also discourage women from entering more profitable sectors or growing**\n**a business if it threatens norms around the role of a male provider** . The relationship between women's empowerment\nand the experience of violence is an empirical question and programs that attempt to economically empower women\nneed to consider the possibility of backlash from the community at large. There is a growing evidence base that programs\nthat combine targeted economic support to women with training that engages male partners and community members\ncan mitigate the risk of GBV. <sup>26</sup>\n\n21. **Refugee women face barriers to starting and growing businesses, especially regarding accessing technology and**\n**finance.** A survey of refugee settlements found that a lack of national identification, as well as charges and fees, present\nsignificant barriers to accessing financial services, especially for women. The study found financial inclusion is relatively\nlow, with 37 percent and 46 percent of adults having access to formal financial services, and 36 and 46 percent holding a\nmobile money account, respectively. A 2018 survey by the World Bank Group reported that less than fewer than 5 percent\nof all refugees had received any kind of skills or job training, and most who were engaged in agricultural production were\nnot using improved inputs and were heavily reliant on rainfall. <sup>27</sup>\n\n**_Relationship to the Country Partnership Framework_**\n\n\n22. **The proposed project aligns with the World Bank\u2019s Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Uganda (2015/16\u2013**\n**2020/21)** . The CPF (report 101173-UG) recognizes that gender inequality and discrimination in access to economic\n\n\n_<mark>Issues Shaping Africa\u2019s Economic Future.</mark>_ <mark>Washington, DC: World Bank</", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.11997175961732864, "start": 815, "end": 845, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:50", "surface": "2018 survey by the World Bank Group", "ctx": "25</sup>\n\n20. **The risk of being exposed to GBV may also discourage women from entering more profitable sectors or growing**\n**a business if it threatens norms around the role of a male provider** . The relationship between women's empowerment\nand the experience of violence is an empirical question and programs that attempt to economically empower women\nneed to consider the possibility of backlash from the community at large. There is a growing evidence base that programs\nthat combine targeted economic support to women with training that engages male partners and community members\ncan mitigate the risk of GBV. <sup>26</sup>\n\n21. **Refugee women face barriers to starting and growing businesses, especially regarding accessing technology and**\n**finance.** A survey of refugee settlements found that a lack of national identification, as well as charges and fees, present\nsignificant barriers to accessing financial services, especially for women. The study found financial inclusion is relatively\nlow, with 37 percent and 46 percent of adults having access to formal financial services, and 36 and 46 percent holding a\nmobile money account, respectively. A 2018 survey by the World Bank Group reported that less than fewer than 5 percent\nof all refugees had received any kind of skills or job training, and most who were engaged in agricultural production were\nnot using improved inputs and were heavily reliant on rainfall. <sup>27</sup>\n\n**_Relationship to the Country Partnership Framework_**\n\n\n22. **The proposed project aligns with the World Bank\u2019s Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Uganda (2015/16\u2013**\n**2020/21)** . The CPF (report 101173-UG) recognizes that gender inequality and discrimination in access to economic\n\n\n_<mark>Issues Shaping Africa\u2019s Economic Future.</mark>_ <mark>Washington, DC: World Bank</", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.20013660192489624, "start": 1226, "end": 1266, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:51", "surface": "Findex\n\nfigures", "ctx": " risks, and absorb financial shocks.\n\n\n[1] United Nations Higher Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR) estimates there are approximately 655,496 Syrian\nrefugees in Jordan as of January 2017.\n\n\n[2] The World Bank, Jordan Economic Monitor, Fall 2016.\n\n\n[3] Average for the first three quarters of 2016. Jordan Department of Statistics.\n\n\n[4] IMF Working Paper WP/15/22, \u201cIdentifying Constraints to Financial Inclusion and Their Impact on GDP and\nInequality: A Structural Framework for Policy\u201d, Era Dabla-Norris, Yan Ji, Robert Townsend, and D. Filiz Unsal. January\n2015, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp1522.pdf. - See more at:\nhttp://mastercardcenter.org/insights/imf-mit-study-shows-financial-inclusion-drives-economicgrowth/#sthash.r5T59cZ1.dpuf\n\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n**Existing datasets on financial inclusion suggest that there is a great potential to deepen financial inclusion in Jordan:**\n\n\n   - **With only one-fourth of adults having a bank account, Jordan is lagging behind its peers.** The recent Findex\n\nfigures for 2014 estimate that only 24.6 percent of the population (15 years and above) have formal bank\naccounts, i.e. 13 percentage points below countries with similar GDP per capita; and contrary to most countries\nin the developing world, this share has been stagnant since 2011.\n\n   - **Jordan lags behind other countries in terms of access to credit from formal financial institutions.** Only 14\n\npercent of the adult population reported that they have borrowed from a financial institution (World Bank\nGlobal Findex).\n\n\nApr 05, 2017 Page 3 of 11", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.17014771699905396, "start": 1081, "end": 1091, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:52", "surface": "World Bank\nGlobal Findex", "ctx": " risks, and absorb financial shocks.\n\n\n[1] United Nations Higher Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR) estimates there are approximately 655,496 Syrian\nrefugees in Jordan as of January 2017.\n\n\n[2] The World Bank, Jordan Economic Monitor, Fall 2016.\n\n\n[3] Average for the first three quarters of 2016. Jordan Department of Statistics.\n\n\n[4] IMF Working Paper WP/15/22, \u201cIdentifying Constraints to Financial Inclusion and Their Impact on GDP and\nInequality: A Structural Framework for Policy\u201d, Era Dabla-Norris, Yan Ji, Robert Townsend, and D. Filiz Unsal. January\n2015, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp1522.pdf. - See more at:\nhttp://mastercardcenter.org/insights/imf-mit-study-shows-financial-inclusion-drives-economicgrowth/#sthash.r5T59cZ1.dpuf\n\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n**Existing datasets on financial inclusion suggest that there is a great potential to deepen financial inclusion in Jordan:**\n\n\n   - **With only one-fourth of adults having a bank account, Jordan is lagging behind its peers.** The recent Findex\n\nfigures for 2014 estimate that only 24.6 percent of the population (15 years and above) have formal bank\naccounts, i.e. 13 percentage points below countries with similar GDP per capita; and contrary to most countries\nin the developing world, this share has been stagnant since 2011.\n\n   - **Jordan lags behind other countries in terms of access to credit from formal financial institutions.** Only 14\n\npercent of the adult population reported that they have borrowed from a financial institution (World Bank\nGlobal Findex).\n\n\nApr 05, 2017 Page 3 of 11", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1592, "end": 1592, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:53", "surface": "market assessment", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nPromoting Financial Inclusion Policies and Regulations in Jordan ( P163719 )\n\n\n   - **Gender disparities are also prevalent, with women facing higher levels of financial exclusion** . In 2014, 15\n\npercent of women had a bank account vs. 17 percent in 2011.\n\n   - **Young start-up firms face challenges in accessing financing** . A recent market assessment conducted by the\n\nEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) shows that 83 percent of Start-ups depend on\n\u201cOwn fund\u201d as the main source of financing, while 17 percent rely on other sources such as: loans from banks,\nclients, friends and family, suppliers and micro finance institutions (MFIs). To mitigate the risk associated with\nlending to start-ups, banks rely primarily on collateral (real estate mostly) rather than creditworthiness. Most\nloans require collateral, equal to about 23 percent of the loan value. Most start-ups do not have sufficient\ncollateral, and when they do, they are not registered, making foreclosure difficult if not impossible.\n\n   - **Other key constraints weight on the deepening of financial inclusion.** These include: informality (which\n\ntranslates into excessive information asymmetry); limited product offerings (lack of tailored savings, insurance,\ncredit \u2013including sharia compliant-, and payments products); absence of risk-based Know your Customer\nregulation; lack of modern Government payments systems; weak consumer protection framework; and lack of\nsystematic, comprehensive market analysis.\n\n\n**Reponses of the authorities so far:**\n\n\n   - **The Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) has taken the lead in developing a National Financial Inclusion Strategy**\n\n**(NFIS).** A Financial Inclusion Steering Committee (FISC) that includes all stakeholders in the area of financial\ninclusion was mandated by the Prime Minister to direct and approve high level policies supporting the NFIS.\nUnder the FISC, a", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6436288356781006, "start": 348, "end": 356, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:54", "surface": "nationally\nrepresentative, household-level survey of individuals", "ctx": "(NFIS).** A Financial Inclusion Steering Committee (FISC) that includes all stakeholders in the area of financial\ninclusion was mandated by the Prime Minister to direct and approve high level policies supporting the NFIS.\nUnder the FISC, a Financial Inclusion Technical Committee (FITC) was established within CBJ and has drafted\nthe national governance structure and a roadmap for the NFIS process, which builds on thematic working\ngroups for microfinance, SME finance, digital payments, consumer protection, and financial education. On\nNovember 2016, CBJ published the NFIS vision document which identified five key pillars for NFIS, these\ninclude: (i) financial education among school students and various segments of society; (ii) consumer\nprotection; (iii) enhancing SMEs access to finance; (iv) access to microfinance services; and (v) digital payments.\nData collection, measurement, analysis and evidence based financial inclusion policies and targets are\nincorporated in the NFIS vision document as cross cutting pillars to make each of the above five pillars more\nrobust. Since then the thematic working groups are meeting regularly to feed in the NFIS developing process.\n\n   - **The CBJ mandated GIZ (with co-funding from the European Union) to conduct an in-depth market diagnostic**\n\n**study to provide a baseline for financial inclusion in preparation for the NFIS.** The diagnostic study of financial\ninclusion will build on full-fledged demand side and supply side studies. On the demand side, a nationally\nrepresentative, household-level survey of individuals is currently being conducted in order to analyze data\nacross key socio-economic (income levels), demographic (gender, age) and geographic segments. On the\nsupply side, relevant data relating to the financial infrastructure and providers is currently being compiled in\norder to map levels of financial access and usage as well as to analyze barriers across different product\ncategories for both households and businesses (i.e. micro", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.0917852371931076, "start": 1609, "end": 1656, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:55", "surface": "relevant data relating to the financial infrastructure and providers", "ctx": ". On the\nsupply side, relevant data relating to the financial infrastructure and providers is currently being compiled in\norder to map levels of financial access and usage as well as to analyze barriers across different product\ncategories for both households and businesses (i.e. micro, small and medium-sized enterprises).\n\n   - **The CBJ in the 2016 Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) Global Policy Forum has announced its commitment**\n\n**to Maya declaration** by setting a national goal of increasing financial inclusion from the current level of 24.6\npercent to 36.6 percent of the adult population by 2020 and, and over the same time, to reduce the gender\ngap in the Kingdom from 53% to 35%. To achieve this goal, the Central Bank detailed nine specific targets\nunder the Maya Declaration, which have been communicated to AFI. Jordan\u2019s commitments will be included in\nAFI\u2019s Data Portal where their progress and achievements will be tracked, shared and celebrated throughout the\nAFI Network. The targets include: (i) finalizing the draft of The National Financial Inclusion Strategy by the end\nof 2017; (ii) formulating comprehensive DFS and MFIs financial consumer protection guidelines by 1st quarter\n\n\nApr 05, 2017 Page 4 of 11", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2713385820388794, "start": 31, "end": 93, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:56", "surface": "Universal Financial Access (UFA) data portal", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nPromoting Financial Inclusion Policies and Regulations in Jordan ( P163719 )\n\n\n2017; (iii) continuing to champion the financial education program into the existing Jordanian school\ncurriculum from class 7 to class 11 by 2020; (iv) enhancing interoperability among the payments systems in the\nkingdom by end 2018; (v) ensuring efficient and responsible growth of microfinance sector as part of the\nformal financial system; (vi) providing the refugees and non-nationals with access to digital financial services;\n(vii) ensuring the provision of an enabling legislative and regulatory environment for digital financial services;\n(viii) upgrading financial inclusion data collection and measurement to align with AFI's network to produce\ncomparable indicators by 2018; and (ix) increasing the financial inclusion access of Jordan\u2019s youth (15-22 years)\nby 25 annually by 2020.\n\n   - **Moreover, CBJ has worked in the last four years on building an infrastructure for payment systems, including**\n\n**interoperable platforms for mobile money and bill payments.** The CBJ has also progressively modernized its\ninternal systems to support a greater shift of Government payments into electronic payments. An ongoing\nproject with GIZ called \u201cDigi#ances\u201d aims to target low income Jordanians and refugees through JoMoPay to\nprovide them with digital wallets to receive money and transact. This comes along with financial literacy\nprograms and outlook for digital cross-borders remittances routes.\n\n   - **The Government of Jordan has announced its commitment to digitizing money transfers.** This is of particular\n\nimportance as the World Bank Universal Financial Access (UFA) data portal estimates that 0.2 million adults can\nbe reached in Jordan by exploiting the country opportunity of digitizing G2P payments. Currently, 160 out of\n260 government services are paid electronically in the system where government transactions in the system\nare growing exponentially in terms of volume and number.\n\n   - **With the objective of attaining a", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1475878804922104, "start": 1730, "end": 1768, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:57", "surface": "government transactions", "ctx": " exploiting the country opportunity of digitizing G2P payments. Currently, 160 out of\n260 government services are paid electronically in the system where government transactions in the system\nare growing exponentially in terms of volume and number.\n\n   - **With the objective of attaining a more inclusive financial system, this proposed project comes at a**\n\n**particularly opportune time to assist the NFIS implementation and assist Jordan in meeting its Maya**\n**declaration commitments.** The proposed project through supporting the implementation of the NFIS, will\ncomplement and build upon technical assistance currently provided by GIZ.\n\n\nRelationship to CPF\n\n   - **The proposed operation is closely linked to the World Bank\u2019s Country Partnership Framework 2016\u20132021**\n\n**which highlighted the need to ensure broader financial access for disadvantaged segments of the**\n**population\u2014women and youth, as well as lagging regions.** In particular, the proposed project through\npromoting financial inclusion is closely linked to pillar 1 of the CPS: \u201cFostering the conditions for stronger\nprivate-sector-led growth and better employment opportunities for all\u201d, and the CPS strategic outcome 1.3:\n\u201cIncreased access to finance and skills development\u201d. The proposed project through promoting financial\ninclusion is supporting private sector driven job creation and contributing to the reduction of regional\ndisparities. Increased access to and use of formal financial services will enable individuals start and expand\nbusinesses, invest in education, manage risks, and absorb financial shocks. Financial inclusion also promotes\njob creation as it helps grow enterprises, many of whom are constrained by lack of access to credit and savings\nservices that would enable them to invest in fixed capital, expand, and employ more people.\n\n   - **The proposed project is also directly in line with the Bank and IFC\u2019s Regional Framework and Strategy for the**\n\n**Middle East and North Africa (MNA) region, which focuses engagement on inclusion, job creation and**\n**sustainable", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.20053161680698395, "start": 154, "end": 177, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:58", "surface": "Bank Universal Financial Access (UFA) data portal", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nPromoting Financial Inclusion Policies and Regulations in Jordan ( P163719 )\n\n\nBank Universal Financial Access (UFA) data portal estimates that 0.8 million adults can be reached by the\ncountry opportunity of drafting and implementing the NFIS[1]. Affordable access to and use of financial\nservices helps young, women and small business owners (including those in the remote areas) generate\nincome, manage irregular cash flow, invest in opportunities, strengthen resilience to downturns, and work\ntheir way out of poverty.\n\n   - **The Project\u2019s objective is aligned with the World Bank\u2019s Twin Goals and global initiative to provide universal**\n\n**financial access around the world by 2020.** Financial inclusion - access and usage of quality financial services,\nincluding credit, savings, payments and insurance - is an enabler and a catalyst for achieving the Bank Group's\ngoals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent of the\npopulation in all developing countries.\n\n\n[1] http://ufa.worldbank.org/country-progress/jordan\n\n\n**C. Project Development Objective(s)**\nProposed Development Objective(s)\nThe project development objective is to support the implementation of the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS)\nin Jordan.\n\n\nKey Results\n\n   - Progress towards achieving the project\u2019s objectives will be measured by a series of quantitative and qualitative\n\nindicators at the PDO level and at the intermediate level.\n\n   - The Financial Inclusion Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework that will be developed under Component\n\n1, will include relevant NFIS indicators[1] and will track the implementation of NFIS and monitor progress and\nimpact. The framework will be segmented by intermediate outcomes, outcomes and national headline\nprogress. These indicators are meant to measure national progress, which has contributing factors beyond the\nscope of this project. Thus, this project will _only_ track national financial inclusion progress and will", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5388453602790833, "start": 113, "end": 162, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:59", "surface": "EU-GIZ demand side study", "ctx": " job training.\n\n   - **Sub-component 1.2:** An assessment of data gaps will be conducted to identify and develop solutions to build\n\nany required data infrastructure needed to fully design and operationalize the M&E framework. This will\ninclude: (i) T.A in improving the frequency or depth of demand-side data collected, including adding additional\nmodules to already available surveys building on the experience of the EU-GIZ demand side study of 2017;\n(ii) assisting in the development and consolidation of data currently missing; and (iii) adding relevant indicators\nor modules to supply-side data templates and supervisory templates collected by various agencies;\n\n   - **Sub-component 1.3:** Support the improvement of operating environment of the NFIS implementation unit. The\n\nunit will procure the required equipment and IT, both software and hardware in order to enhancing the data\ncollection, processing and analysis. The sub-component will cover the hiring of experts to support this\nimprovement process.\n\n   - Key outputs envisioned for this component include (i) an operational M&E framework; (ii) the delivery of\n\nmultiple trainings and workshops to build capacity; (iii) data collection templates to consolidate financial\ninclusion data; (iv) the development of a Secretariat policy toolkit (including an M&E tracker to track the\nperformance and completion of NFIS activities); and (v) facilitation of M&E reports, implementation reports\n\n\nApr 05, 2017 Page 7 of 11", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4111151099205017, "start": 420, "end": 444, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:60", "surface": "Financial\nInclusion Market Diagnostic results", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nPromoting Financial Inclusion Policies and Regulations in Jordan ( P163719 )\n\n\nand evaluation studies.\n\n\nThis component will be conducted in close coordination with GIZ.\n\n\n**Component 2: Developing a country-specific program of peer-learning and knowledge sharing (US$400,000).**\n\n\n   - The project through partnership with AFI, AMF and WB will facilitate full engagement and peer learning among\n\nregulators and policymakers in Jordan by involving them in the broad array of services and offerings, with a\nspecial focus on the policy areas of priority that have been identified by the country based on the Financial\nInclusion Market Diagnostic results. Specifically, this component will finance the following sub-components:\n\n\n**Sub-component 2.1:** The Jordanian AFI membership during project duration will be funded under this\ncomponent and will engage Jordan in the following member services, which are designed to address the\nnational objectives of policymakers and regulators and will be modified to also address the national objectives\nof Jordan:\n\n\n   - Working Groups: These groups of 15-40 member institutions focus on specific policy areas, including: Digital\n\nFinancial Services; Consumer Protection and Market Conduct; Financial Inclusion Strategy; Financial Inclusion\nData; and SME Finance. The working groups are chaired by members and have led to important reforms in\nmany of the countries involved and facilitated the production of policy guidelines and tools that have practical\nrelevance.\n\n   - Participation in AFI's Global Policy Forum (GPF): The GPF is regarded as the leading global knowledge exchange\n\nevent on financial inclusion policymaking. Most sessions are hosted by members who share \u2018on the ground\u2019\nexperiences.\n\n   - Peer Learning Initiative with Standard Setting Bodies (SSBs): This will provide opportunities for Jordan to\n\nparticipate in shaping and influencing the global agenda through knowledge sharing with SSBs, which can have\na significant impact on how the global financial system helps or hinders financial inclusion.\n\n   - **Sub-component 2.2:** Organizing", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.17819511890411377, "start": 672, "end": 713, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:61", "surface": "household survey of 2011", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon Electricity Transmission Project (P170769)\n\n\nOther Decision (as needed)\n\n\n**B. Introduction and Context**\n\nCountry Context\n\n\n1. **Lebanon is a small, densely populated upper middle-income country.** Lebanon is an eastMediterranean country, with surface area of 10,452 square kilometers, bordering with Syria in the north\nand east and with Israel in the south. It had a population of 6.1 million people in 2018 and its GDP was\nUS$56.6 million. With a GNI per capita of US$8,310 in 2017, it is considered an upper middle-income\ncountry.\n\n2. **Lebanon has experienced significant political, financial, and social crises.** GDP growth\nplummeted from an average of 8 percent before 2011 to just 0.2 percent in 2018. The economy\nremains heavily based on services and oriented towards the region, rendering it vulnerable to volatility\nand sizable macroeconomic imbalances. The business environment has worsened, with Lebanon\u2019s\nDoing Business rank dropping from 103 in 2010 to 142 in 2019. <sup>1</sup> Growth has been sustained by foreign\ninflow and consumption rather than productive sectors. As a result, public debt reached 155 percent\nof GDP by the end of 2018, one of the highest globally, and could rise to 180 percent by 2023 without\nadjustment. Debt service reaches around 10 percent of GDP annually, consuming approximately half\nof domestic revenues. The fiscal deficit in 2018 was 11.5 percent of GDP. Externally, a large trade\ndeficit drives a sizable structural current account deficit, which has averaged over 21 percent of GDP\nover the past 5 years. This is under the context of a fixed exchange rate regime that has been in effect\nfor a couple of decades and which has become a central pillar of the Lebanese economy. Poverty\nrates are relatively high, at 27.4 percent based on the latest household survey of 2011", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1849, "end": 1849, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:62", "surface": "household survey", "ctx": " under the context of a fixed exchange rate regime that has been in effect\nfor a couple of decades and which has become a central pillar of the Lebanese economy. Poverty\nrates are relatively high, at 27.4 percent based on the latest household survey of 2011/12, and are\nestimated to have increased to 32 percent in 2017. Furthermore, a notable share of youth is employed\nin a growing informal sector which provides limited social protection and growth. For example,\ninformality affects six in 10 young workers in Lebanon with young women more likely to be affected\nthan men. <sup>2</sup>\n\n3. **The economy is highly dependent on external financing, which undermines its ability to**\n**invest in infrastructure.** Funding the economy's substantial financing needs is highly dependent on\nforeign inflows, mainly from donor aid and remittances, that are intermediated via a banking sector\nwhose balance sheet is over three times of GDP. Banque du Liban (BdL), the country's central bank,\nensures that banks keep attracting foreign deposits to fund gross financing needs of the public and\nprivate sectors, thereby financing the sizable twin (fiscal and current account) deficits. To attract\nforeign deposits, BdL offers certificate of deposits and various subsidized refinancing schemes.\nLebanon's currency peg is sustained in good part by these foreign currency inflows. To meet\nGovernment needs, BdL is the residual buyer of Government debt in the primary and secondary\nmarkets. The result is a banking-sovereign feedback loop with amplification effects that generate\nsystemic macro-financial risks. The ensuing high interest rates reflect the risk premia that need to be\npaid in such a context to maintain the attractiveness of Lebanese assets and generate capital inflows.\n\n\n1 This indicator is ranked out of 183 countries in 2010 and 190 in 2019.\n2 ILO: Towards Decent Work in Lebanon: Issues and Challenges in Light of the Syrian Crisis, 2015; ILO Work for Youth Country", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9616820216178894, "start": 243, "end": 252, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:63", "surface": "Vulnerability Assessment for Syrian Refugees in Lebanon", "ctx": " much needed capital inflows, and catalyze job creation for women and\nmen. The new Government, formed on January 31, 2019, promised to contain public spending and\nimplement needed reforms that could unlock pledged aid and loans. Since the new government was\nformed, domestic bank deposits are forecast to grow by US$7-8 billion in 2019 compared with US$5.6\nbillion in 2018. The Council of Ministers (COM) submitted to the Parliament the draft 2019 budget that\n\n\n3 World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Index 2017-2018.\n4 Vulnerability Assessment for Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyR-2018) by the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations High\nCommissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP).\n\n\nJun 21, 2019 Page 4 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.43418028950691223, "start": 573, "end": 618, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:64", "surface": "electricity billed", "ctx": ", which is chaired by the Prime Minister and includes the Ministry of\nFinance (MOF), MEW, and other Ministries that represent the major political parties in the country. The\nLebanese Oil Installations (LOI) Directorate and the Lebanese Petroleum Administration are also\ninvolved in the electricity sector reforms, but the absence of coherent planning and insufficient\ncollaboration often delay important actions. The sector does not have a regulatory authority to\nundertake independent oversight and economic regulation.\n\n8. **The electricity sector has a significant impact on Lebanon's fiscal and current account**\n**positions** . The loss-making electricity sector imparts a staggering burden on Lebanon\u2019s public finances\nas the revenues in the sector are significantly below the costs, with the difference covered by the\nGovernment. EDL\u2019s revenues in 2017 were about US$457 million (down from US$700 million in 2016).\nEDL made an operating loss of US$1.4 billion in 2017 (US$0.66 billion in 2016). Sector subsidies\naveraged 3.8 percent of GDP during 2008-2017, aggregating over the years to account for close to half\nof Lebanon\u2019s overall external debt. Transfers to the sector reached US$1.8 billion in 2018 (3.5 percent\nof GDP or 30 percent of annual fiscal deficit). EDL\u2019s average tariff, which has not changed since 1996,\nis approximately US$0.095/kWh, covering only 37 percent of average operating costs in 2018. EDL\u2019s\nlosses in 2018 exceeded 36 percent in total (as per electricity billed), with 4 percent loss of energy in\nthe transmission network and 34 percent in the distribution system (of which technical losses were\nestimated at 13 percent and non-technical at 21 percent). The sector is dependent on liquid fuel imports\nwhich feed most of electricity generation. EDL\u2019s fixed tariff precludes the recouping of much of the fuel\ncosts due to the fact that", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1373715102672577, "start": 1576, "end": 1592, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:65", "surface": "Global Competitiveness Index", "ctx": " losses were\nestimated at 13 percent and non-technical at 21 percent). The sector is dependent on liquid fuel imports\nwhich feed most of electricity generation. EDL\u2019s fixed tariff precludes the recouping of much of the fuel\ncosts due to the fact that the tariff is based on 1996 fuel costs of US$23 per barrel of oil. With the overall\nfiscal balance in deficit since 1992, this government subsidy has been effectively paid through\nborrowing. The fuel imports also add to the country\u2019s current account deficit and the sector\u2019s\nvulnerability to international oil price. Energy imports have averaged close to US$5 billion annually over\nthe 2010-2017 period, constituting close to a quarter of the total bill for merchandize imports.\n\n\n5 World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Index 2017-2018.\n\n\nJun 21, 2019 Page 5 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.18558074533939362, "start": 816, "end": 823, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:66", "surface": "World Bank Enterprise Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon Electricity Transmission Project (P170769)\n\n\n9. **Despite the large subsidies, electricity supply is insufficient to meet growing demand.**\nEven with likely underestimated peak electricity demand of about 3,562 MW, the utility supplied only\n47 percent of this demand in 2018 (about 1670 MW) from its 2,334 MW of available (installed and\nrented) generation capacity (Figure 1). The shortfall is also partly caused by generation curtailment to\nreduce the fuel bill. Rolling blackouts are 3-17 hours per day, with the lowest level in Beirut and South\nLebanon, up to 11 hours in Mount Lebanon, and 17 hours in Bekaa Valley. Daily hours of supply at\nfeeder level is on average only about 16 hours in the Beirut area and 12 hours in the rest of the country.\nRecent World Bank Enterprise Survey indicated that lack of reliable electricity is the second biggest\nobstacle to private sector growth, after political instability. Over 97 percent of firms experience regular\nelectricity outages, incurring large losses as a result (estimated at 6 percent of sales). The balance of\ndemand was satisfied by diesel-fired private generators that are (illegally) connected to the low-voltage\ndistribution network. About 85 percent of households rely on these private generators with very high\nprices of around US$0.25/kWh and low wattage.\n\n\nSource: Ministry of Energy and Water, 2019. Updated Policy Paper for the Electricity Sector.\n\n\n10. **The transmission system is outdated and will need significant upgrade.** Historically, the\nbulk of the transmission system in Lebanon was developed in the 1970s, with some upgrades in the\n1990s, as a 66-kV network which over time has gained country-wide coverage. As power demand grew,\nthere was a need to introduce higher voltage transmission, which resulted in construction of a 150-kV\nnetwork in the central coastal area around Beirut. Subsequently, the more standard 220", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3230927288532257, "start": 847, "end": 872, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:67", "surface": "transmission studies", "ctx": " sufficient to ensure 24-hr supply to the country. Commissioning of\n180 MW PV solar and 220 MW wind power is also expected in 2020. Simultaneously, the Government\nwill launch an investment program for construction of a number of gas-based power plants through the\nprivate sector in several locations, primarily in Salaata, Zahrani, and Deir Ammar, where FSRUs are\nexpected to be installed by 2021 <sup>6</sup> . Overall, the generation plan calls for construction of a total of about\n3,100 MW of thermal power plants in seven locations (in Salaata, Zahrani, Deir Ammar, Zouk, Jiyeh,\nHrayche, and Tyre), to replace the rental plants, compensate for retirement of old plants at Zouk, Jiyeh\nand Hrayche, and ensure meeting the incremental demand. In addition, renewable energy (RE) \u2013 also\nto be developed by the private sector \u2013 will play a major role in the coming period as more than 840\nMW of solar PV plants and 600 MW of wind power plants are planned for construction. Up to 2000 MW\nof new RE capacity (wind, solar, hydropower) is envisaged to be developed by 2030.\n\n16. **Transmission grid reinforcements are needed across the country to accommodate**\n**planned additional generation and ensure reliable supply to the demand centers.** These\ninvestments are outlined in the ESPP, which lists about 40 transmission projects for a total of about\n700 billion Lebanese pounds (about US$470 million). The list is based on transmission studies\nconducted by \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France (EdF) in 2013 and 2017. <sup>7</sup> The transmission projects are to ensure\nreliable supply to the main load centers (of which Beirut is by far the largest), evacuation of power from\nthe generation plants, and meet the (N-1) supply security requirement. <s", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.15705111622810364, "start": 1517, "end": 1538, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:68", "surface": "Lebanon cost of service and tariff design study", "ctx": "u> <u>0.24</u> <u>0.20</u> <u>0.18</u> <u>0.16</u>\n**<u>Tariff (US$/kWh)</u>** <u>0.09</u> <u>0.09</u> <u>0.09</u> <u>0.09</u> <u>0.11</u> <u>0.13</u> <u>0.16</u>\n**<u>Cost recovery</u>** <u>27%</u> <u>35%</u> <u>37%</u> <u>40%</u> <u>53%</u> <u>75%</u> <u>100%</u>\n**<u>Subsidy requirement (US$ million)</u>** <u>1,716</u> <u>1,643</u> <u>1,593</u> <u>1,531</u> <u>1,595</u> <u>742</u> <u>0</u>\nSource: ECA (2019). Lebanon cost of service and tariff design study\n\n\nRelationship to CPF\n\n18. **The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) (FY17-FY22) aims at mitigating the immediate,**\n**and potentially long-lasting impact of the Syrian crisis on Lebanon**, while strengthening state\ninstitutions, addressing existing vulnerabilities, and bolstering efforts on longer term development\nchallenges, all through interventions that foster inclusion and shared prosperity. Specifically", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.15244118869304657, "start": 440, "end": 504, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:69", "surface": "Systematic Country Diagnostic", "ctx": " immediate,**\n**and potentially long-lasting impact of the Syrian crisis on Lebanon**, while strengthening state\ninstitutions, addressing existing vulnerabilities, and bolstering efforts on longer term development\nchallenges, all through interventions that foster inclusion and shared prosperity. Specifically, the project\nwould support two focus areas of the CPF to renew the social contract between the state and the\ncitizens: (i) expand access to and quality of service delivery; and (ii) expand economic opportunities\nand increase human capital. The proposed Project will contribute to advancing CPF (FY17-FY22)\nobjectives. Poor delivery of electricity supply was identified in the Systematic Country Diagnostic (2015)\nas a binding constraint to Lebanon\u2019s economic development. Inefficiencies in the electricity sector have\nripple effects on the lives of Lebanese citizens, not just because they increase the cost of living as\npeople cope with deficiencies in the quality of electricity services, but they can also have deleterious\nimpacts on job opportunities, education, and healthcare services. For women, limited access to reliable\nelectricity can increase the time they conduct specific household chores. It can also negatively impact\ntheir ability to engage in entrepreneurial activities, both inside and outside of the home. <sup>9</sup> Moreover,\nstudies have demonstrated that improved infrastructure has strong positive impacts not only on longrun economic growth, but also on income equality.\n\n19. **The Project also contributes to the updated Middle East and North Africa (MNA) Regional**\n**Strategy** <sup>**10**</sup> **and is aligned with the Maximizing Finance for Development (MFD) approach** The\n\n9 World Bank EEX Gender Follow Up Note, 2017.\n10 Middle East and North Africa Regional Update 2019 _- #OpenforBusiness,_ The World Bank Group\n\n\nJun 21, 2019 Page 9 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.052077919244766235, "start": 736, "end": 759, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:70", "surface": "poverty rate", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon Energy Sector Reforms Program (P170506)\n\n\n**B. Introduction and Context**\n\n\nCountry Context\n1. Lebanon has experienced significant political, financial, and social crises that undermine its stability in recent\nyears. GDP growth plummeted from an average of 8 percent before 2011 to just 1 percent in 2018. Public debt reached\n155 percent of GDP by end 2018, one of the highest globally. Debt service reaches around 10 percent of GDP annually,\nconsuming approximately half of domestic revenues. The fiscal deficit in 2018 is expected at 8.3 percent of GDP. Externally,\na large trade deficit drives a sizable structural current account deficit, which has averaged over 21 percent of GDP over\nthe past 5 years. Of significant concern, deposit inflows have decelerated sharply since 2011, increasing uncertainty on\nthe economy's ability to meet its financing needs.\n\n\n2. All these challenges have been partly a result of and further exacerbated by a large influx of refugees resulting\nfrom the ongoing conflict in Syria. The number of displaced Syrians in Lebanon is estimated at 1.5 million, representing\nmore than a 30 percent increase in the country's population in a relatively short period. The country, with large\ninternational aid, has managed to provide the refugees with basic services, but this no doubt imposes a tremendous\nburden on the already weak public service system. The latest available official poverty rate (in 2011) shows that nearly a\nthird of the population is poor, which is likely further impacted by the large refugee influx.\n\n\n3. Lebanon is a fragile country. In addition to spillover from the Syrian war, the country also suffers from frequent\ninternal sectarian conflicts and violent crimes. The caution against the region has affected the tourism industry on which\nthe economy depends. Government institutions are captured by political parties, which vie for influence and rent seeking.\nCorruption and failed institutions plagued the public sector. The social contract is undermined by poor service delivery,\nparticularly electricity provision", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2173212766647339, "start": 1523, "end": 1537, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:71", "surface": "domestic bank deposits", "ctx": " region has affected the tourism industry on which\nthe economy depends. Government institutions are captured by political parties, which vie for influence and rent seeking.\nCorruption and failed institutions plagued the public sector. The social contract is undermined by poor service delivery,\nparticularly electricity provision. On the other hand, Lebanon enjoys a high level of human capital as the quality of (private)\neducation and health facilities is high. Most of Lebanon\u2019s resilience has come from a strong private sector despite a\nchallenging political environment. <sup>1</sup>\n\n\n4. In response, the Government initiated a large capital investment program (CIP) to raise up to US$16 billion (32\npercent of GDP) over the 2018-2025 period to increase growth and alleviate the burden on both host communities and\nrefugees. At the _Conference \u00c9conomique pour le D\u00e9veloppement, par Les R\u00e9formes et avec les Enterprises_ (CEDRE), which\ntook place on April 6, 2018, in Paris, France, the Government presented the _Vision for Stabilization, Growth and_\n_Employment_ as part of this fundraising effort. It committed to an annual 1 percentage point reduction in the fiscal deficit\nratio over the next 5 years. If implemented, the plan has significant potential to provide a sustained boost to the economy,\nattract much needed capital inflows, and catalyze job creation. The new Government, formed on January 31, 2019,\npromised to contain public spending and implement needed reforms that could unlock pledged aid and loans for such\ninvestment. Since the new government, domestic bank deposits are forecast to grow by US$7-8 billion in 2019 compared\nwith US$5.6 billion in 2018.\n\n\nSectoral (or multi-sectoral) and Institutional Context of the Program\n5. The electricity sector has dual impact on both Lebanon's fiscal and current account positions. On the fiscal side,\nand with the overall fiscal balance in deficit since 1992,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.488881379365921, "start": 1655, "end": 1672, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:72", "surface": "World Bank surveys", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon Energy Sector Reforms Program (P170506)\n\n\nserious deficiencies. Its organization structure is obsolete, which does not take into account changing operational\nrequirements (distribution contracts, improved generation, technology, etc.). The workforce is also ageing, and staff\ncapabilities are low while recruiting quality personnel is constrained by civil service processes. As a result, EDL relies on\ncontractual arrangements of daily workers, with limited control over their competency and quality. Business processes\nare inefficient across all activities and functions and many operations are not yet digitalized. The sector also lacks a\nregulatory authority to ensure adequate level of service.\n\n\n7. Supply is insufficient to meet growing demand. Even with a likely underestimated peak electricity demand of\napproximately 3,458 MW, the utility supplied only 67 percent of this demand in 2017 from its 2,100 MW of installed and\nrented generation capacity, leaving the balance of demand to be satisfied by diesel-fired private generators that are\nillegally connected to the distribution low-voltage network. Most households (estimated at 85 percent) rely on this source\nwith very high prices (around US$0.24/kWh) and low wattage. The shortfall is also partly because of generation\ncurtailment to reduce the fuel bill, particularly by running inefficient open cycle gas turbine (OCGT) plants at below\ncapacity. Recent World Bank surveys indicated that availability of reliable electricity is the second biggest obstacle to\nprivate sector growth, after political instability. Rolling blackouts are 3-13 hours per day.\n\n\n8. The electricity need of the refuges has added to this growing demand, overtaxing the already deteriorating\nnetwork, creating overloads and voltage fluctuations in some areas. <sup>2</sup> UNDP estimates that the direct and indirect power\ngeneration needed to cater for Syrian demand amounts to approximately 486 MW at its peak, which has a significant\nimpact overall on EDL\u2019s system. Further aggravating matters, many displaced Syrian refugee", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.33037588000297546, "start": 1548, "end": 1573, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:73", "surface": "UNCHR Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon", "ctx": " such, it is unlikely\nthat Lebanon can exclusively depend on this pipeline for its energy security in the short- to medium-term.\n\n\n10. In addition to reliance on expensive fuel oils, high losses add to the cost of electricity service. EDL\u2019s networks are\ninefficient, with total losses (technical and non-technical) of around 36 percent in 2017. Constituting 21 percent of energy\nsent out, non-technical losses (theft and billing errors) are the primary cause for concern. Taking into account these losses,\nthe total cost is estimated at around US$0.20 per kWh sold. In comparison, EDL\u2019s average tariff, which has not changed\nsince 1994, is around US$0.095/kWh, covering only 45 percent of average operating costs. The low collection rate (68\n\n\n2 A study by the Ministry of Water and Energy and UNDP, 2017, entitled \u201cThe Impact of the Syrian Crisis on the Lebanese Power Sector\nand Priority Recommendations\u201d, found that around 45 percent of displaced Syrians do not have metered connections. Similarly, in a\nUNCHR Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, 34 percent of households who reported to have legal connections no\nelectricity bills were available amounting to around 44 percent of unbilled connections, which is consistent with the UNDP and MEW\nreport. Regarding differentiated access, the UNHCR finds little difference between male and female head of households in shelters,\nhowever, female head of households resorted to coping strategies more often (i.e. in the case of a power cut, etc.) and are reportedly\nmore vulnerable.\n\n\nMar 05, 2019 Page 4 of 10", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3311504125595093, "start": 1069, "end": 1114, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:74", "surface": "UNDP Human Development Index", "ctx": "The country\u2019s economy is largely dominated by the agriculture and extractive industries, especially\noil. Since 2000, with the advent of the oil era and the high-level of investment in this sector, the\ngross domestic product (GDP) expanded rapidly. Nominal GDP grew by 15% between 2000 and\n2011, with a peak growth rate of 48.3% in 2003-04 and real GDP reached US$10 billion in 2011.\nBoosted by oil revenues, public revenues also grew significantly and contributed to significant\nincreases in infrastructure investments. The average annual deficit is FCFA131 billion and external\ndebt service represents on average FCFA20 billion a year. Price patterns are erratic as a result of the\ncountry\u2019s dependence on food imports and the international oil market; the inflation rate was\nnegative in recent years but it picked up in 2012 and was 2%.\n\nThe economic performance of the last decade was not accompanied by similar improvements in\npoverty level and human development (HD) indicators. Chad remains one of the ten poorest\ncountries in the world, with more than one-half (53.2%) of its population living on less than US\n$1.25 per day and is ranked 183 out of 187 on the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI)\n(2011) . Achieving most Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 therefore remains out of\nreach. And this is particularly worrisome given the high population growth rate of 3.4 % (or 3.6%\nincluding refugees. The current population is estimated to be about 12 million people. The\ncountry\u2019s high population growth rate is largely a result of having the highest high fertility rates (7\nchildren per woman) in the world. The population is unevenly distributed across the territory \u2013 47%\nof the population is concentrated on only 10% of the total area of the country \u2013 and largely in rural\nareas, with only 21.7% of the population living in urban areas.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.506579577922821, "start": 1262, "end": 1287, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:75", "surface": "national statistics on education", "ctx": "Community teachers account for the largest portion of the teaching force at the primary level and\nrepresent a growing phenomenon in lower secondary education.\n\nFinance, Management and Strategy.\n\nPublic funding of education is low. Only 2.5% of GDP and 10.3% of the state budget was allocated\nto education in the past 10 years. Most of the education budget is used to cover salaries.\nNevertheless education expenditures have grown by nearly 7% annually since 2001: FCFA 89\nbillion in 2010. The share of expenditures going to primary education was 38% in 2010, 90% of\nwhich is in wage bill and subsidies. Budget execution rate is about 90% and executed allocations to\neducation were only about 60% and 78% of the established national poverty reduction strategy\ntargets in 2004-07 and 2008-09 respectively.\n\nManagement in the education sector is facing many challenges. This includes the sub-optimal\nallocation of human and material resources to schools, highly centralized financial and human\nresources management, as well as a limited capacity and funding among the decentralized structures\nincluding inspections and pedagogical advisers. Furthermore, the sector\u2019s capacity in mo nitoring\nand evaluation (M&E) is also limited. Production of national statistics on education is regularly\ndelayed by more than a year, there is no standardized assessment system, and statistics and results\nfrom M&E are rarely used to inform planning and operational decisions.\n\nThe Interim Strategy for Education and Literacy. The Government recently prepared an Interim\nStrategy for Education and Literacy (Strat\u00e9gie Int\u00e9rimaire pour l\u2019\u00c9ducation et l\u2019Alphab\u00e9tisation,\nSIPEA) covering the period from 2013 to 2015 which addresses issues of quantity and quality\nindicating that, although goals with regards to access have not yet been reached, the Government\nacknowledges that ensuring that conditions are met for the delivery of a quality education is\nimportant. The SIPEA was developed in consultation with civil society, relevant ministries as well\nas the financial and technical", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.23972465097904205, "start": 1327, "end": 1362, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:76", "surface": "EMIS", "ctx": " below average in the Center, Eastern and Western regions. For example, primary\neducation GER is around 95% in the South while it varies between 20%-40% in the North and the\nprobability of never have attended school is especially high in the North. However, drop-out rates in\nprimary school are especially high in the Southern regions, indicating challenges of their own.\n\nAnalysis of EMIS and household survey (see Table 6 in Annex 7) data indicate that, to increase\naccess, one should aim to create new schools and tackle the cost constraints faced by certain\nhouseholds, especially in the Northern regions. On the other hand, to increase survival rates,\nespecially in Southern Regions, one should aim to increase textbooks-to-student ratios, percentage\nof permanent school building, the number of latrines, and demand-side factors related to return to\neducation (not useful, no interest), more diffuse categories such as \u201cfamily not wanting\u201d and\n\u201cothers\u201d and, to a lesser extent, to the opportunity cost (work).\n\nLearning: Learning levels are low and point to the urgency of tackling quality issues. On the two\nProgramme d\u2019Analyse des Syst\u00e8mes Educatifs (PASEC) assessments carried out, 2004 and 2010, no\naverage student scores reached the 50% threshold and 1 in 4 students score less than 10%. Similarly,\non tests used, in the context of the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) to assess students\u2019\nlearning outcomes from a small sample of 88 schools located in 7 regions, average scores were 23%\nand 32% in French and 53% and 59% in math, for grade 2 and 4 respectively. Apart from PASEC,\nthere exist no standardized tools used to assess of student learning at the national level. At the\nsecondary and higher education levels, except for passing rates on the end-of-cycle exam, evidence\non quality outcomes is lacking.\n\nEvidence from", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.945873498916626, "start": 404, "end": 410, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:77", "surface": "household survey", "ctx": " below average in the Center, Eastern and Western regions. For example, primary\neducation GER is around 95% in the South while it varies between 20%-40% in the North and the\nprobability of never have attended school is especially high in the North. However, drop-out rates in\nprimary school are especially high in the Southern regions, indicating challenges of their own.\n\nAnalysis of EMIS and household survey (see Table 6 in Annex 7) data indicate that, to increase\naccess, one should aim to create new schools and tackle the cost constraints faced by certain\nhouseholds, especially in the Northern regions. On the other hand, to increase survival rates,\nespecially in Southern Regions, one should aim to increase textbooks-to-student ratios, percentage\nof permanent school building, the number of latrines, and demand-side factors related to return to\neducation (not useful, no interest), more diffuse categories such as \u201cfamily not wanting\u201d and\n\u201cothers\u201d and, to a lesser extent, to the opportunity cost (work).\n\nLearning: Learning levels are low and point to the urgency of tackling quality issues. On the two\nProgramme d\u2019Analyse des Syst\u00e8mes Educatifs (PASEC) assessments carried out, 2004 and 2010, no\naverage student scores reached the 50% threshold and 1 in 4 students score less than 10%. Similarly,\non tests used, in the context of the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) to assess students\u2019\nlearning outcomes from a small sample of 88 schools located in 7 regions, average scores were 23%\nand 32% in French and 53% and 59% in math, for grade 2 and 4 respectively. Apart from PASEC,\nthere exist no standardized tools used to assess of student learning at the national level. At the\nsecondary and higher education levels, except for passing rates on the end-of-cycle exam, evidence\non quality outcomes is lacking.\n\nEvidence from", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.690060555934906, "start": 416, "end": 423, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:78", "surface": "Public Expenditure Tracking Survey", "ctx": " below average in the Center, Eastern and Western regions. For example, primary\neducation GER is around 95% in the South while it varies between 20%-40% in the North and the\nprobability of never have attended school is especially high in the North. However, drop-out rates in\nprimary school are especially high in the Southern regions, indicating challenges of their own.\n\nAnalysis of EMIS and household survey (see Table 6 in Annex 7) data indicate that, to increase\naccess, one should aim to create new schools and tackle the cost constraints faced by certain\nhouseholds, especially in the Northern regions. On the other hand, to increase survival rates,\nespecially in Southern Regions, one should aim to increase textbooks-to-student ratios, percentage\nof permanent school building, the number of latrines, and demand-side factors related to return to\neducation (not useful, no interest), more diffuse categories such as \u201cfamily not wanting\u201d and\n\u201cothers\u201d and, to a lesser extent, to the opportunity cost (work).\n\nLearning: Learning levels are low and point to the urgency of tackling quality issues. On the two\nProgramme d\u2019Analyse des Syst\u00e8mes Educatifs (PASEC) assessments carried out, 2004 and 2010, no\naverage student scores reached the 50% threshold and 1 in 4 students score less than 10%. Similarly,\non tests used, in the context of the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) to assess students\u2019\nlearning outcomes from a small sample of 88 schools located in 7 regions, average scores were 23%\nand 32% in French and 53% and 59% in math, for grade 2 and 4 respectively. Apart from PASEC,\nthere exist no standardized tools used to assess of student learning at the national level. At the\nsecondary and higher education levels, except for passing rates on the end-of-cycle exam, evidence\non quality outcomes is lacking.\n\nEvidence from", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.47206079959869385, "start": 1446, "end": 1467, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:79", "surface": "PASEC surveys", "ctx": " from PASEC,\nthere exist no standardized tools used to assess of student learning at the national level. At the\nsecondary and higher education levels, except for passing rates on the end-of-cycle exam, evidence\non quality outcomes is lacking.\n\nEvidence from PASEC surveys in Chad (see Table 7 in Annex 7) suggest that conditioning on\nschool socioeconomic status, and teacher and student characteristics, availability of class materials\n\n\nPage 5 of 8", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9397251605987549, "start": 275, "end": 284, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:80", "surface": "Public\nExpenditure Tracking Survey", "ctx": "are a significant predictor of students sitting final primary school exams but that this is not\nsignificantly different from zero when looking directly at performance on standardised tests.\nAlthough point estimates on electricity access in the classroom suggest that this may improve\nperformance, these are weakly determined, and not significant at typical levels. Teacher\nperformance appears to be a statistically and economically important predictor of both test scores\nand primary school test completion, with increases in teacher absence overwhelmingly appearing to\nnegatively influence student performance. Pedagogical training in particular appears to be an\nimportant determinant of test scores, representing nearly a 1 standard deviation increase in the test\nscore distribution. These results from teacher training are supported by findings from Public\nExpenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) test score analysis (Moser, 2012). In these tests, student\nperformance responded positively to teacher training, specifically whether or not the teacher had\ncompleted a high-school diploma. The PASEC scores analysis also provides evidence in favour of\nthe effectiveness of school management committees and (weak) evidence that reductions in student/\ntextbook ratios may increase performance. In those schools where APEs meet more regularly,\nstudent performance appears to be higher by around 0.1-0.2 of a test-score standard deviation.\nReducing the number of students per French book in a classroom does seem to increase likelihood\nof passing to final exams, however similar results are not seen when reducing students per book\nratios in mathematics classes nor on the test scores. Given that the textbooks are unlikely to be\nuseless in improving learning; this potentially highlights the need for a quality-oriented intervention\nto go further than simply distributing textbooks and contemplate, for example, implementation\nmechanism promoting appropriate use of the material.\n\nRationale of the project\n\nAs illustrated above, despite recent efforts to reform the education sector, the \u201cbusiness as usual\u201d\napproach has not resulted in sufficient improvements in student retention or learning outcomes. The\nproject will therefore support the government to leverage its economic growth to improve human\ndevelopment indicators by identifying", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.450275719165802, "start": 923, "end": 945, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:81", "surface": "DHS", "ctx": ") of 6.4 Chad is\namong the fastest growing countries in the world (DHS 2014/15). Nutrition outcomes, in turn, are\nvery poor with 40 percent of children under five being stunted (World Bank, 2018). Further, while\nHuman Capital outcomes are poor for both boys and girls, girls are particularly vulnerable and perform\nlower on the HCI, particularly in terms of expected years of schooling and survival rates.\n\n\n3. **Chad is highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change and it has repeatedly experienced security**\n**threats over the last decade** . With a CPIA of 2.7 in 2018, Chad is classified as an FCV (Fragility, Conflict\nand Violence) country. Regional security risks destabilize the country and lead to severe humanitarian\nneeds. As of January 2020, there were 442,672 refugees settled in 19 camps in the East, the South\n\n\nApr 03, 2020 Page 3 of 13", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8536540865898132, "start": 71, "end": 80, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:82", "surface": "SARA survey", "ctx": "000 live births in 2015. Infant mortality is estimated at between 87 to 90 per 1,000 live births.\nSeveral factors help explain the performance of Chad\u2019s health sector, including: (i) limited financial\nresources; (ii) salient shortages of health workers and inadequate infrastructure; and (iii) significant\ngeographic barriers to the delivery of health services. In addition, Chad\u2019s Joint External Evaluation\n(JEE) conducted in 2017 revealed important capacity constraints in all 19 technical areas. This shows\nthe country\u2019s vulnerability to health security threats.\n\n7. **Health financing in Chad is insufficient and highly inequitable** . In 2017, Chad spent 4.5 percent of its\nGDP on health. In per capita terms, the country only spent US$ 32. This is less than countries of similar\nlevels of income and less than other countries in the region <sup>1</sup> . Furthermore, health has not been\nsufficiently prioritized in Chad\u2019s public budget and the share of health to general government\nspending has declined over the last decade from over 12 percent in 2009 to less than 4 percent in\n2018, well below the Abuja target of 15 percent. In fact, the largest share (61.2 percent) of Chad\u2019s\ntotal health spending is financed by households through out-of-pocket payments. This poses major\nchallenges in terms of the equity, the efficiency and the sustainability of the country\u2019s health financing\narchitecture.\n\n8. **Health facilities have low readiness levels to deliver quality health services** . According to the most\nrecent SARA survey, one in three health facilities had access to electricity and two in three had access\nto improved water sources. The availability of essential medical equipment (scales, thermometers,\nstethoscopes, etc.) and laboratory capacity were also substandard (WHO, 2019). In terms of health\n\n\n1 LICs countries spent on average US$ 35, while Sub-Saharan", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.10044998675584793, "start": 1615, "end": 1633, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:83", "surface": "DHS 2014/2015", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nChad COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Project (P173894)\n\n\nprofessionals, in 2017 there were less than 10,000 professionals in all Chad. Shortages are particularly\nacute for doctors and specialized health professionals (0.38 per 10,000 population), and there are\nimportant disparities in the distribution of health professionals between provinces.\n\n9. **The coverage of essential health services is low** . The above-mentioned constraints, together with the\nsignificant geographic barriers enhanced by the poor transport infrastructure, lead to the low\ncoverage of essential health services such as reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health\nservices and nutrition. In 2017, one in four children under five received all required vaccines.\nAccording to the DHS 2014/2015, only 25 percent of women attended at least four antenatal care\nvisits and less than 30 percent delivered at a health facility. These coverage rates reflect as well a low\ndemand for health services and great difficulties delivering health services through outreach.\n\n10. **Weakness in core capacities to enforce International Health Regulation (IHR) can increase the risk**\n**of emergencies** . Chad signed on to the International Health Regulations (RSI, 2005) in 2012. Five years\nlater (August 2017), there was a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) <sup>2</sup> . This evaluation highlighted the\ncapacities and skills of Chad for the 19 technical fields. It was found that out of the 19 technical areas\nassessed on a scale of 1 (no capacity) to 5 (sustainable capacity), there was no area with a favorable\nrating of 4 or 5. Most of the technical areas were rated as 11 (no capacity) <sup>3</sup>, particularly, Coordination,\ncommunication and promotion of IHR; antimicrobial resistance; emergency response operations ;\npreparedness; biosafety and biosecurity; medical countermeasures; and Point of entry", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.09970596432685852, "start": 845, "end": 855, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:84", "surface": "on-time data", "ctx": ", risk assessment,\non-time data and information collection and utilization; (ii) the reinforcement of human resources\nthrough mobilization of additional health personnel; (iii) the purchase of ambulances for the rapid\nintervention team; (iv) the establishment and/or upgrade of laboratory capacity including purchase\n\n\nApr 03, 2020 Page 8 of 13", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2099095731973648, "start": 27, "end": 35, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:85", "surface": "rapid\ncommunity behavior assessment", "ctx": " 2.50**\n**million):** This component will support the development and testing of social and behavior change\n(SBC) messages and materials to raise awareness, knowledge and understanding among the general\npopulation about the risk and potential impact of the pandemic and to promote prevention measures,\nincluding hand-washing, hygiene and social distancing. Targeted messages will be developed for\nvulnerable groups, including refugees living in refugee camps and internally displaced persons, as\nsocial distancing and other prevention measures will need to be adapted to the different realities of\nrefugees living in refugee camps and people on the move. Partnerships with organizations with\nexperience addressing such vulnerabilities in Chad will be explored.\n\n29. Communication activities will cover the entire country using cost effective channels of\ncommunications such as radio, television and social media as appropriate, as well as SBC campaigns\nin schools, workplaces, and through ongoing outreach activities of various ministries and sectors,\nespecially ministries of health, education, agriculture, and transport. This will be done after a rapid\ncommunity behavior assessment to gather information about the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and\nchallenged related COVID-19 response. This component will primarily finance the production of SBC\nand mass media products as well as buying the air time of mass media. These materials will be\ntranslated to French, Arabic and local languages. Advocacy communication and community\nmobilization activities through civil society organizations including religious and tribal leaders,\ncommunity health worker and community organization will also be supported, especially in rural\nareas.\n\n30. **Component 3. Implementation Management, Monitoring and Evaluation and Coordination (US$**\n**1.00 million):** This component will finance operational costs of the project implementation Unit (PIU).\nThese include equipment, additional staff and other operational expenses needed to implement the\n\n\nApr 03, 2020 Page 9 of 13", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.046804193407297134, "start": 1248, "end": 1289, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:86", "surface": "global development indicators", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSouth Sudan Enhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project (P169949)\n\n\n**B. Introduction and Context**\n\nCountry Context\n\n1. **South Sudan was beset by decades of armed conflicts prior to its independence in 2011, and these have only**\n**become increasingly complex in the years since.** Southern Sudan, as the region was called before independence, has been\nmarred by conflict since 1955. The region experienced systematic marginalization and underdevelopment under both\nBritish and Sudanese rule, depriving the region of physical and human capital development. At independence in July 2011,\nSouth Sudan ranked almost at the bottom of the global development indicators with little infrastructure, basic services\nprovided almost entirely through humanitarian aid, and an economy completely dependent on oil. Renewed civil conflict\nbroke out in December 2013 as the tensions among different groups intensified and violence continues to date. Beginning\nas in-fighting between the Sudan People\u2019s Liberation Movement (SPLM) led by the President and the SPLM in Opposition\n(SPLM-IO) led by the then Vice President, the conflict grew more fragmented as groups excluded from previous peace\nnegotiations took up arms to establish their claims. There are now over 40 armed groups involved in the conflict. Violence,\nwhich was largely limited to the Greater Upper Nile region in the first years of the war, has spread to other historically\nstable locations such as Western and Central Equatoria States, coming to engulf the entire country. The renewed violence\nhas <mark>undermined the development gains since independence and worsened the humanitarian situation.</mark>\n\n2. **The country faces a challenging economic situation compounded by misplaced priorities which exacerbates**\n**food insecurity and access to basic services.** The economy is estimated to have recovered with a growth rate of 3.2\npercent in fiscal year (FY) 2019. This reflects a strong rebound in the oil sector while non-oil economy", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1177230030298233, "start": 753, "end": 776, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:87", "surface": "Human Development Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSouth Sudan Enhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project (P169949)\n\n\nto South Sudan\u2019s ranking of 187 out of 189 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI), with a life expectancy of\nonly 57 years compared to the global average of 72. <sup>4</sup>\n\n4. **The cumulative effects of years of violent conflict have taken a significant toll on the people.** As of September\n2019, nearly 3.8 million people (over a third of the country\u2019s population) have been displaced, many of them more than\nonce. About 2.3 million have fled to neighboring countries in search of safety while 1.5 million are displaced within the\ncountry. <sup>5</sup> Over 60 percent of South Sudan\u2019s Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are concentrated in the Greater Upper Nile\nregion. It is estimated that 85% of IDPs are women, girls and boys. A recent study estimates that some 380,000 people\nhave died between December 2013 and April 2018 as a result of the war and displacement. <sup>6</sup> About **<mark>6.4 million people</mark>**\n**<mark>(54% of the population)</mark>** <mark>are classified in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or worse acute food insecurity.</mark> <sup>7</sup>\n\n5. **Gender disparities and inequalities are staggering.** South Sudan ranks in the bottom third of countries for the\nHDI\u2019s life-course gender gap <sup>8</sup> and women\u2019s empowerment, indicating that South Sudanese women and girls are more\nlikely to have less choices and opportunities over the course of their lives compared to their male counterparts and they", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8788765072822571, "start": 181, "end": 198, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:88", "surface": "intention surveys", "ctx": " in armed conflict may facilitate substantial population**\n**movement.** About 1.2 million people have returned from displacement within and outside of South Sudan since 2016 to\ndate. Among them, over 534,000 people (45 percent) returned since the signing of the revitalized peace agreement in\nSeptember 2018 until March 2019. <sup>13</sup> This demonstrates that more people returned in a shorter period of time since the\nsigning of the agreement. According to both the UNHCR and IOM\u2019s recent intention surveys, major pull factors for return\nare improved security, family reunification, access to basic services, and livelihood opportunities. For refugees, 30 percent\nof them in neighboring countries consider returning but majority are waiting to see how the situation unfolds. Slightly\nhigher numbers of IDPs have longer term return intentions to home areas. The prevailing security and basic living\nconditions are not yet conducive to more widespread return movements among both populations, however. In addition,\nthere have been new/secondary displacements triggered by intensifying inter-communal clashes in areas such as Unity,\nWarrap, Lakes, Western Bahr-el-Ghazal, Central Equatoria and Jonglei. <sup>14</sup> Population movement thus remains volatile,\nwhere temporary visits by single family members to look after assets and property in home areas predominate. Should\nthe unity government be formed in November 2019 and security situation improve, however, the return of some of the\n4.2 million displaced (both refugees and IDPs) is likely to accelerate.\n\n9. **Unlike in other countries where significant numbers of returnees gravitate to major cities, in South Sudan the**\n**evidence suggests that IDPs and refugees are likely to return to their original villages or in their vicinity.** Existing data\nshows that a large majority (87 percent) of IDP and refugee returns are primarily to areas of habitual residence while\nrelocations to third areas is quite low", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06432025134563446, "start": 519, "end": 531, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:89", "surface": "Existing data", "ctx": "s and refugees are likely to return to their original villages or in their vicinity.** Existing data\nshows that a large majority (87 percent) of IDP and refugee returns are primarily to areas of habitual residence while\nrelocations to third areas is quite low at an estimated 6 percent. <sup>15</sup> The majority of the IDPs returned to their places of\nhabitual residence from within the same county (64 percent) or within the same state (23 percent) while only a few (13\npercent) returned from outside the state. <sup>16</sup> Most returnees are therefore likely to be concentrated in rural and peri-urban\nareas except for some who opt to permanently settle in urban centers (e.g. Wau or Malakal) or some who remain in cities\nas they are unable to return to their villages due to security concerns or occupation of their land and houses by other\ngroups (e.g. Bor or Bentiu). <sup>17</sup> This has also been confirmed by a Bank commissioned population movement analysis by IOM\n\n\n13 IOM DTM\n14 UNMISS (August 2019) ( _Mimeo_ )\n15 IOM DTM. The remaining 7 percent demonstrates those whose movement could not be clearly tracked.\n16 IOM DTM\n17 Returnees in this PCN include both IDP returnees as well as refugee returnees.\n\n\nNovember 4, 2019 Page 5 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7986361980438232, "start": 87, "end": 106, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:90", "surface": "IOM DTM", "ctx": "s and refugees are likely to return to their original villages or in their vicinity.** Existing data\nshows that a large majority (87 percent) of IDP and refugee returns are primarily to areas of habitual residence while\nrelocations to third areas is quite low at an estimated 6 percent. <sup>15</sup> The majority of the IDPs returned to their places of\nhabitual residence from within the same county (64 percent) or within the same state (23 percent) while only a few (13\npercent) returned from outside the state. <sup>16</sup> Most returnees are therefore likely to be concentrated in rural and peri-urban\nareas except for some who opt to permanently settle in urban centers (e.g. Wau or Malakal) or some who remain in cities\nas they are unable to return to their villages due to security concerns or occupation of their land and houses by other\ngroups (e.g. Bor or Bentiu). <sup>17</sup> This has also been confirmed by a Bank commissioned population movement analysis by IOM\n\n\n13 IOM DTM\n14 UNMISS (August 2019) ( _Mimeo_ )\n15 IOM DTM. The remaining 7 percent demonstrates those whose movement could not be clearly tracked.\n16 IOM DTM\n17 Returnees in this PCN include both IDP returnees as well as refugee returnees.\n\n\nNovember 4, 2019 Page 5 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7495719194412231, "start": 1031, "end": 1039, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:91", "surface": "IOM DTM", "ctx": "s and refugees are likely to return to their original villages or in their vicinity.** Existing data\nshows that a large majority (87 percent) of IDP and refugee returns are primarily to areas of habitual residence while\nrelocations to third areas is quite low at an estimated 6 percent. <sup>15</sup> The majority of the IDPs returned to their places of\nhabitual residence from within the same county (64 percent) or within the same state (23 percent) while only a few (13\npercent) returned from outside the state. <sup>16</sup> Most returnees are therefore likely to be concentrated in rural and peri-urban\nareas except for some who opt to permanently settle in urban centers (e.g. Wau or Malakal) or some who remain in cities\nas they are unable to return to their villages due to security concerns or occupation of their land and houses by other\ngroups (e.g. Bor or Bentiu). <sup>17</sup> This has also been confirmed by a Bank commissioned population movement analysis by IOM\n\n\n13 IOM DTM\n14 UNMISS (August 2019) ( _Mimeo_ )\n15 IOM DTM. The remaining 7 percent demonstrates those whose movement could not be clearly tracked.\n16 IOM DTM\n17 Returnees in this PCN include both IDP returnees as well as refugee returnees.\n\n\nNovember 4, 2019 Page 5 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4634058475494385, "start": 1098, "end": 1107, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:92", "surface": "World Bank survey", "ctx": "4 percent of the total budget for FY2019. The\ngovernment thus continues to depend almost entirely on external assistance for service delivery.\n\n14. **This predicament is compounded by additional factors.** The 2015 and 2017 Presidential decrees created new\nstates and counties, increasing the former 10 states and 79 counties to 32 states and 316 counties. County governments\nare now facing by unclear jurisdictions and contested administrative boundaries. Austerity budgeting has prevented the\nrecruitment of new civil servants to staff the new counties. Where staff do exist, county governments struggle with low\ncapacity, high employee turn-over and low morale due to low salary levels (US$15-20/month) as well as months-long\ndelays in salary payments. Newly established counties have few, if any, functional government institutions and are unable\nto fulfill their mandates. This lack of capacity is reflected in public sentiment. According to a World Bank survey, an\noverwhelming 90 percent of the South Sudanese people feel that the government is performing poorly in providing\ninfrastructure and services. <sup>26</sup>\n\n15. **Protracted conflict has also eroded the social fabric and weakened both informal and formal institutions.** In the\nabsence of effective formal governance, particularly in rural areas, people increasingly have come to rely on community\ninstitutions. Yet, as ethnic identities have been politicized and large numbers of armed youth feel less allegiance to\ntraditional authorities, relationships within and between communities have become more strained and the role and\neffectiveness of traditional institutions have been undermined. Consequently, these informal institutions have become\nless capable of managing social tensions and sharing access to resources and services among different groups. This is yet\nanother driver contributing to a marked increase in inter-communal violence and cattle raids, with over 60,000 new\ndisplacements in early 2019. <sup>27</sup>\n\n16. **Provision of basic services and managing social tensions, particularly in areas with high concentration of*", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.21947908401489258, "start": 1002, "end": 1023, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:93", "surface": "human development indicators", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSouth Sudan Enhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project (P169949)\n\n\nresources. It will also be critical to support local governments where they do exist and strengthen their relations \u2013 and\ntheir relevance - within communities.\n\n\nRelationship to CPF\n\n17. **The proposed project is directly aligned with the Country Engagement Note (CEN) and the Systematic Country**\n**Diagnostic (SCD) for South Sudan.** Whereas the Bank\u2019s FY13-14 Interim Strategy Note (ISN), approved on 28 February\n2013, focused on building legitimate institutions over the long term, the FY18-19 CEN, approved on 16 January 2018,\nemphasizes meeting the immediate needs of the people. Specifically, the CEN focuses on two objectives: (i) supporting\nbasic service provision for vulnerable populations; and (ii) supporting livelihoods, food security and basic economic\nrecovery. The CEN also emphasizes the Bank\u2019s comparative advantage in seeking medium term development solutions\ni.e.- institution building. This is in line with the SCD, approved in October 2015, which stressed the importance of ensuring\naccess to basic services, given the extremely low human development indicators that prevail in the country, the low\ninfrastructure base, and significant gaps in basic service provision. The SCD also highlighted the importance of building\ncitizen confidence through community engagement and reconciliation as a pathway out of cyclical fragility.\n\n18. **The proposed project contributes to the Bank\u2019s twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared**\n**prosperity.** FCV is a critical development challenge that threatens efforts to end extreme poverty, affecting low-income\ncountries like South Sudan. Conflicts drive 80 percent of all humanitarian needs globally, while they reduce GDP growth\nby two percentage points per year on average. Unless FCV is addressed, it is difficult to put South Sudan back on a positive\ntrajectory. Moreover, the Bank\u2019s new approach emphasizes prevention", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.033168911933898926, "start": 1250, "end": 1269, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:94", "surface": "Human Capital Index", "ctx": " extreme vulnerability of the Chadian economy to external shocks makes it difficult to sustainably finance**\n**development, especially social sectors** . Social spending serves as an adjustment variable in times of economic crises. In\nresponse to this situation, the Country developed an Industrialization and Economic Diversification Master Plan (PDIDE)\nin 2020 that seeks to move the country's economic growth rate from around 2 percent in 2017 to more than 8 percent\nper year until 2030. <sup>2</sup> This Plan builds on four priority areas: governance, infrastructure, financing, and human capital.\n\n\n4. The **country\u2019s Human Capital Index (HCI) has remained low during the last decade.** The HCI for Chad went from\n0.29 in 2010 to 0.30 in 2020. Despite this small increase, Chad\u2019s HCI is lower than the average for Sub-Saharan Africa and\nfor low-income countries. This means that a child born in Chad today will be 30 percent as productive when she/he\ngrows up as could be if enjoying complete education and full health. This poor performance is driven largely by the low\nprobability of survival to age five (88 per 100 children born), high levels of stunting (40 percent of children), and poor\neducation participation and quality. A child in Chad can be expected to complete only 5.3 years of school by the age of\n18, but factoring in what is actually learned, this is the equivalent of only 2.8 years.\n\n\n1 World Bank DataBank, World Development Indicators (Poverty Headcount ratio at national poverty lines, 2018).\n2 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 3 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3656787574291229, "start": 650, "end": 666, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:95", "surface": "World Bank DataBank", "ctx": " extreme vulnerability of the Chadian economy to external shocks makes it difficult to sustainably finance**\n**development, especially social sectors** . Social spending serves as an adjustment variable in times of economic crises. In\nresponse to this situation, the Country developed an Industrialization and Economic Diversification Master Plan (PDIDE)\nin 2020 that seeks to move the country's economic growth rate from around 2 percent in 2017 to more than 8 percent\nper year until 2030. <sup>2</sup> This Plan builds on four priority areas: governance, infrastructure, financing, and human capital.\n\n\n4. The **country\u2019s Human Capital Index (HCI) has remained low during the last decade.** The HCI for Chad went from\n0.29 in 2010 to 0.30 in 2020. Despite this small increase, Chad\u2019s HCI is lower than the average for Sub-Saharan Africa and\nfor low-income countries. This means that a child born in Chad today will be 30 percent as productive when she/he\ngrows up as could be if enjoying complete education and full health. This poor performance is driven largely by the low\nprobability of survival to age five (88 per 100 children born), high levels of stunting (40 percent of children), and poor\neducation participation and quality. A child in Chad can be expected to complete only 5.3 years of school by the age of\n18, but factoring in what is actually learned, this is the equivalent of only 2.8 years.\n\n\n1 World Bank DataBank, World Development Indicators (Poverty Headcount ratio at national poverty lines, 2018).\n2 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 3 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6986205577850342, "start": 1500, "end": 1523, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:96", "surface": "World Development Indicators", "ctx": " extreme vulnerability of the Chadian economy to external shocks makes it difficult to sustainably finance**\n**development, especially social sectors** . Social spending serves as an adjustment variable in times of economic crises. In\nresponse to this situation, the Country developed an Industrialization and Economic Diversification Master Plan (PDIDE)\nin 2020 that seeks to move the country's economic growth rate from around 2 percent in 2017 to more than 8 percent\nper year until 2030. <sup>2</sup> This Plan builds on four priority areas: governance, infrastructure, financing, and human capital.\n\n\n4. The **country\u2019s Human Capital Index (HCI) has remained low during the last decade.** The HCI for Chad went from\n0.29 in 2010 to 0.30 in 2020. Despite this small increase, Chad\u2019s HCI is lower than the average for Sub-Saharan Africa and\nfor low-income countries. This means that a child born in Chad today will be 30 percent as productive when she/he\ngrows up as could be if enjoying complete education and full health. This poor performance is driven largely by the low\nprobability of survival to age five (88 per 100 children born), high levels of stunting (40 percent of children), and poor\neducation participation and quality. A child in Chad can be expected to complete only 5.3 years of school by the age of\n18, but factoring in what is actually learned, this is the equivalent of only 2.8 years.\n\n\n1 World Bank DataBank, World Development Indicators (Poverty Headcount ratio at national poverty lines, 2018).\n2 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 3 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5635268688201904, "start": 1524, "end": 1547, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:97", "surface": "Gross Enrollment\nRate", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\n5. **Chad is highly vulnerable to shocks, whether climatic or security** including prolonged droughts in some areas and\nyearly floods in others, as well as wind erosion and desertification. These contribute to recurrent food crises and\npopulation displacements. Chad is also subject to repeated security threats, including Boko Haram and al Qaida in the\nIslamic Maghreb; and is classified as a Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV) country. As of June 30, 2021, there were\n508,307 refugees (mainly from the Sudan and the Central African Republic), as well as 401,511 internally displaced\npersons. <sup>3</sup> This places additional pressure on an education system which has already run out of steam.\n\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n\n\n6. **Pre-primary education is still nascent, a large share of primary education is managed by the community, and**\n**only few children can make it up to secondary education.** Pre-primary education is managed by the Ministry for Women\nand Early Childhood Protection (MFPPE) <sup>4</sup> . It lasts three years aimed at children aged 3-5 years, and the Gross Enrollment\nRate (GER) was 1.1 percent in 2019/20. Primary education is the first stage of basic education; by law, it is free and\ncompulsory. It consists of six years aimed at children aged 6-11 and is divided into three cycles of two years each:\npreparatory (CP), elementary (CE) and medium (CM). Successful completion of Grade Six, as determined by the primary\nschool, allows one to enter upon lower secondary education ( _enseignement moyen_ ), which consists of four years.\nCompletion of basic education is certified with the _Brevet d\u2019Etude", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.04801876097917557, "start": 1242, "end": 1257, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:98", "surface": "Household Living Standards Measurement Survey", "ctx": " Grade Six, as determined by the primary\nschool, allows one to enter upon lower secondary education ( _enseignement moyen_ ), which consists of four years.\nCompletion of basic education is certified with the _Brevet d\u2019Etudes Fondamentales_ (BEF), which is granted upon successful\ncompletion of examinations. In 2019/2020, about 39 percent of primary schools were community schools, established\nand managed by the community <sup>5</sup> . While the primary school system is officially bilingual, only 7 percent of students were\nenrolled in bilingual schools. The main language of instruction is French for 87 percent of students and Arab for 6 percent.\nMulti grade teaching is common, with 40 percent of teachers in a classroom teaching two or more grades.\n\n\n7. **The school population is mostly composed of primary-school children, of which about 63 percent are at the**\n**appropriate age** . According to the Fourth Household Living Standards Measurement Survey ( _Enqu\u00eate sur la_\n_Consommation des m\u00e9nages et le le Secteur Informel au Tchad_  - ECOSIT IV), roughly three-quarters (75 percent) of inschool children were enrolled in primary school in 2018, followed respectively by those enrolled in lower secondary (15\npercent), upper secondary (6 percent), University (2 percent) and pre-primary ( 1 percent). The distribution of students\nby age group within school levels shows that a meaningful number of them were not enrolled at the appropriate age. As\nshown in Graph 1, the proportion of students enrolled at the right level of education decreases as one moves to higher\nlevels, up to upper secondary: about 70 percent of children attending pre-primary were at the appropriate age; 63\npercent for primary; 37 percent for lower secondary; and 22 percent for upper secondary.\n\n\n3 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6789790987968445, "start": 974, "end": 1010, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:99", "surface": "Operational Data Portal", "ctx": " moves to higher\nlevels, up to upper secondary: about 70 percent of children attending pre-primary were at the appropriate age; 63\npercent for primary; 37 percent for lower secondary; and 22 percent for upper secondary.\n\n\n3 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Operational Data Portal.\n4 Pre-primary education services are the responsibility of MFPPE. However, the Ministry of National Education and Civic Promotion (MENPC) is\nresponsible for pre-primary pedagogy.\n5 46 percent were public schools and 15 percent private (Statistics Education Yearbook 2019-2010)\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 4 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8405221700668335, "start": 296, "end": 327, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:100", "surface": "Statistics Education Yearbook 2019-2010", "ctx": " moves to higher\nlevels, up to upper secondary: about 70 percent of children attending pre-primary were at the appropriate age; 63\npercent for primary; 37 percent for lower secondary; and 22 percent for upper secondary.\n\n\n3 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Operational Data Portal.\n4 Pre-primary education services are the responsibility of MFPPE. However, the Ministry of National Education and Civic Promotion (MENPC) is\nresponsible for pre-primary pedagogy.\n5 46 percent were public schools and 15 percent private (Statistics Education Yearbook 2019-2010)\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 4 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08799604326486588, "start": 591, "end": 605, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:101", "surface": "ECOSIT IV", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\n_Graph 1: Distribution of the number of school population_\n\n\nSource: ECOSIT IV\n\n\n8. **The inefficiency of the primary education is structurally impeding the performance of the education system**\n**despite some improvements in the completion rate** . Over the last decade, the Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) in the lower\nand upper secondary education remained quite low at 28 percent and 18 percent, on average, respectively. However,\nthat of the primary education increased from 2011 (91 percent) to 2014 (107 percent) before declining progressively to\n82 percent in 2017, following the oil price shock of 2015-2016 and associated budgetary decisions at the expense of the\neducation sector. Since 2018, the GER started increasing again. Administrative data shows that the primary completion\nrate had an increasing trend over the same period (rising from 37 percent in 2011 to 45 percent in 2020), and the gender\ngap significantly decreased since 2018. Nevertheless, this progress has not been sufficient to lead to a significant increase\nin GER in the secondary education. Repetition and dropout rates are much higher in primary education, the former being\nthe same for both girls and boys (17 percent) while the latter is 33 percent for girls and 29 percent for boys. The number\nof dropout children in primary school is almost twice as high than that of both lower and upper secondary school (725,795\nvs. 383,093 for secondary school) <sup>6</sup> . This is in addition to about 48 percent of children (47 percent for boys and 51 percent\nfor girls) of primary-school age who had never attended school, yielding an out of school children rate of 52%.\n\n\nGraph 2: Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) and Primary Completion Rate, 2011-2020\n\n\n6 ECOSIT IV, 2019\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 5 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.050381604582071304, "start": 162, "end": 177, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:102", "surface": "Administrative data", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\n_Graph 1: Distribution of the number of school population_\n\n\nSource: ECOSIT IV\n\n\n8. **The inefficiency of the primary education is structurally impeding the performance of the education system**\n**despite some improvements in the completion rate** . Over the last decade, the Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) in the lower\nand upper secondary education remained quite low at 28 percent and 18 percent, on average, respectively. However,\nthat of the primary education increased from 2011 (91 percent) to 2014 (107 percent) before declining progressively to\n82 percent in 2017, following the oil price shock of 2015-2016 and associated budgetary decisions at the expense of the\neducation sector. Since 2018, the GER started increasing again. Administrative data shows that the primary completion\nrate had an increasing trend over the same period (rising from 37 percent in 2011 to 45 percent in 2020), and the gender\ngap significantly decreased since 2018. Nevertheless, this progress has not been sufficient to lead to a significant increase\nin GER in the secondary education. Repetition and dropout rates are much higher in primary education, the former being\nthe same for both girls and boys (17 percent) while the latter is 33 percent for girls and 29 percent for boys. The number\nof dropout children in primary school is almost twice as high than that of both lower and upper secondary school (725,795\nvs. 383,093 for secondary school) <sup>6</sup> . This is in addition to about 48 percent of children (47 percent for boys and 51 percent\nfor girls) of primary-school age who had never attended school, yielding an out of school children rate of 52%.\n\n\nGraph 2: Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) and Primary Completion Rate, 2011-2020\n\n\n6 ECOSIT IV, 2019\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 5 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08322380483150482, "start": 872, "end": 888, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:103", "surface": "Education Statistics Yearbook", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\nSource: Education Statistics Yearbook, 2011-2020\n\n9. **Across all grades, the main reasons behind dropouts are high opportunity costs of education, lack of learning**\n**and, for girls, social norms (Graph 3).** More than 15 percent of students drop out because of the opportunity cost of\nschooling. The opportunity cost is more important for boys than for girls and becomes a more important reason for\nleaving school in higher grades reflecting the market opportunities for male youth. More than 20 percent of students\nleave school because they are not learning. For girls, social norms cause more than 30 percent of dropouts in primary\nand become more important in secondary (where they are responsible for more than 40 percent of dropouts). When\nconsidering all grades, they also gain in importance for higher levels of wealth--that is girls from richer households were\nrelatively more exposed to the risks of dropping out of school because of social norms than those who lived in poorer\nones. Thus, to drastically reduce dropouts, it is critical to increase the value of education by improving its quality, starting\nby the acquisition of foundational skills; and to address social norms.\n\n\n_Graph_ 3 _: Reasons for Dropping Out by gender, the education level, the level of wealth and place of residence_\n\n\nNote: 1 <sup>st</sup> quintile refers to the poorest households while 5 <sup>th</sup> quintile refers to the richest households\nSource: ECOSIT IV\n\n10. **It has been estimated that about 59 percent of resources of the primary education are wasted because of the**\n**high repetition and dropout rates** <sup>7</sup> . This is particularly important, as the primary education sector received almost half\nof the education spending (50 percent) in 2017, followed", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7894375920295715, "start": 101, "end": 133, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:104", "surface": "ECOSIT IV", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\nSource: Education Statistics Yearbook, 2011-2020\n\n9. **Across all grades, the main reasons behind dropouts are high opportunity costs of education, lack of learning**\n**and, for girls, social norms (Graph 3).** More than 15 percent of students drop out because of the opportunity cost of\nschooling. The opportunity cost is more important for boys than for girls and becomes a more important reason for\nleaving school in higher grades reflecting the market opportunities for male youth. More than 20 percent of students\nleave school because they are not learning. For girls, social norms cause more than 30 percent of dropouts in primary\nand become more important in secondary (where they are responsible for more than 40 percent of dropouts). When\nconsidering all grades, they also gain in importance for higher levels of wealth--that is girls from richer households were\nrelatively more exposed to the risks of dropping out of school because of social norms than those who lived in poorer\nones. Thus, to drastically reduce dropouts, it is critical to increase the value of education by improving its quality, starting\nby the acquisition of foundational skills; and to address social norms.\n\n\n_Graph_ 3 _: Reasons for Dropping Out by gender, the education level, the level of wealth and place of residence_\n\n\nNote: 1 <sup>st</sup> quintile refers to the poorest households while 5 <sup>th</sup> quintile refers to the richest households\nSource: ECOSIT IV\n\n10. **It has been estimated that about 59 percent of resources of the primary education are wasted because of the**\n**high repetition and dropout rates** <sup>7</sup> . This is particularly important, as the primary education sector received almost half\nof the education spending (50 percent) in 2017, followed", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.13514956831932068, "start": 1606, "end": 1619, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:105", "surface": "Data from May 2021", "ctx": " because of the**\n**high repetition and dropout rates** <sup>7</sup> . This is particularly important, as the primary education sector received almost half\nof the education spending (50 percent) in 2017, followed respectively by lower secondary (16 percent), upper secondary\n(16 percent) <sup>8</sup> .\n\n\n11. **Despite substantial numbers of displaced and vulnerable children in the education system, their access to public**\n**schooling is limited.** Roughly 6,000 students are either refugees or internally displaced, and 96,000 are orphans or\notherwise categorized as vulnerable. The former represents only six percent of refugee children of primary school age\n(100,000 total children). <sup>9</sup> Accommodating all refugee and internally displaced children would require extra resources to\nexpand already overcrowded schools; as well as special inclusionary measures for those children who have fallen behind\nin their education and require remedial attention to facilitate their integration. There are 9,000 reported children with a\ndisability in school; this constitutes 0.3 percent of the school population and may indicate access constraints. Indeed,\napproximately 1.5 percent of out-of-school children cite sickness or disability as the reason for not attending. <sup>10</sup>\n\n\n7 Rapport d\u2019Etat du Syst\u00e8me Educatif National (RESEN), 2016\n8 Public Expenditure Analysis (PER), 2019\n9 UNHCR, Operational Data Portal. Data from May 2021.\n10 Ibid.\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 6 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1482, "end": 1482, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:106", "surface": "PASEC international learning outcomes survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\n12. **Learning Poverty (LP) in Chad is very high, at 98 percent, meaning that almost no child aged 10 is able to read**\n**and understand a simple age-appropriate text.** This LP level is 11 percentage points worse than the average for the SubSaharan Africa region and 8 percentage points worse than the average for low-income countries. At the end of primary,\nonly 22 percent and 12 percent of students achieved a satisfactory level of reading and mathematics, respectively, in the\nPASEC international learning outcomes survey conducted in 2019. This contrasted with the 48 percent and 38 percent\naverages observed among 14 participating countries. There were gender differences in performance, with boys doing\nbetter in both reading (456 vs. 444 for girls) and mathematics (442 vs. 432 for girls). Between 2014 and 2019, the average\npercentage of end- of primary students achieving a satisfactory performance in reading and mathematics was relatively\nunchanged (18 percent vs. 17 percent, respectively). <sup>11</sup> The evidence also suggests that learning outcomes are markedly\nhigher in urban than rural schools; and among children in the highest socioeconomic bracket. There was no statistically\nsignificant difference in the reading and mathematics scores between students attending public or community schools. <sup>12</sup>\nIt should be noted that whereas 65 percent public school teachers are state-qualified teachers (graduates of the ENIBs),\namong community schools only 38 percent are ENIB graduates, while 22 percent have received 90 days of in-service\ntraining and 40 percent no pedagogical training at all.\n\n\n13. There are several proximate causes that help to explain these results.\n\n\n  - **The school network is not fully accessible.** Among children enrolled in public or community schools, 20 percent\nare one or more kilometers from the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9336201548576355, "start": 599, "end": 633, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:107", "surface": "2019 administrative data", "ctx": " pedagogical training at all.\n\n\n13. There are several proximate causes that help to explain these results.\n\n\n  - **The school network is not fully accessible.** Among children enrolled in public or community schools, 20 percent\nare one or more kilometers from the school; 5 percent are three or more kilometers distant. Roughly 3 percent\nof children who drop-out cite distance as the key factor. In addition, based on the 2019 administrative data, only\n60 percent of primary schools were full cycle, the remaining were incomplete.\n\n  - **Classrooms are overcrowded, underequipped and in poor condition** . The overall pupil-teacher ratio was 55:1 in\n2020, ranging from 33 in Borkou to 95 in Kanem; and was generally much higher in rural areas (59:1) than urban\nareas (50:1). If one considers a pupil-teacher ratio of 50:1 as a ceiling beyond which pedagogical effectiveness is\nnot possible, then _over_ _half of all students are in classrooms where learning cannot take place. In fact, learning_\n_could only be effective in 4 provinces: Borkou, Ennedi Est, Ennedi Ouest and Mayo-Kebbi_ . On average, there are 55\npupils per classroom, ranging from 27 children per classroom in Borkou, to 79 children per classroom in Lac\nProvince. In classrooms with more than 55 students, that is in roughly half of the system\u2019s classrooms, space\nconstraints would not allow one to fit in sufficient furniture, even if it were available. Combining table-benches\nand benches without table, there was only one seating place for every three students; if one considers only\navailable table-benches (which are the state norm for student furniture), then there was only one seating place\nfor every four students. Approximately one fifth of available furniture was in poor condition.\n\n  - **Learning environments are in poor physical state and often", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8239481449127197, "start": 427, "end": 455, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:108", "surface": "learning outcomes surveys", "ctx": " table-benches (which are the state norm for student furniture), then there was only one seating place\nfor every four students. Approximately one fifth of available furniture was in poor condition.\n\n  - **Learning environments are in poor physical state and often unsanitary.** Only half of classrooms are constructed\nfrom baked or dried bricks, with the same proportion being classified as in a bad physical state. There are on\naverage 188 students per latrine block. Roughly half of schools have a water source from a tap or pump; another\n45 percent have water brought to the school; and 4 percent report no access to water. Only 40 percent have\nhand-washing facilities.\n\n  - **There are insufficient basic teaching-learning materials** . On average, three students share the language textbook;\nfour students share the mathematics textbooks; and thirty students share the science textbook. Shortages of\nconsumables such as chalk, pens, pencils and paper are the rule.\n\n\n11 PASEC. _Qualit\u00e9 des Syst\u00e8mes \u00c9ducatifs en Afrique SubSaharienne Francophone. Performances et Environnement de l\u2019Enseignement-Apprentissage_\n_au Primaire_ . Hereafter referred to as PASEC 2014 and 2019, the years in which the learning outcomes surveys were conducted.\n12 PASEC 2019.\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 7 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.10441847145557404, "start": 1251, "end": 1271, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:109", "surface": "2019 survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\n  - **Interruptions in learning are common** . A 2019 survey indicated that 70 percent of school children aged 7-14 years\nexperienced classroom stoppages during the school year due to teacher absence; the other most common reasons\ngiven were strikes (66 percent) and natural catastrophe (20 percent). In the 2015-16 school year, the fall in oil\nprices led to a sharp reduction in salary payments, resulting in the closure of one quarter of primary schools.\n\n\n_Figure 1: Pupil-teacher ratio by province_\n\n\nSource: Education Statistics Yearbook, 2018-2019\n\n\n  - **The quality of teaching can be improved** . Aside from the difficulties of teaching effectively to overcrowded\nclassrooms, teachers have weak pedagogical skills and often do not master course content themselves. In a 2019\ncompetency test, primary teachers had the second lowest score (421) in reading comprehension among 14\nparticipating countries, and 38 percent were at Level 1 or below (vs. 17 percent for all countries). In terms of the\npedagogy of reading comprehension, Chad\u2019s score was again the second lowest. With respect to mathematical\ncompetencies, primary teachers had the lowest score (419), with 69 percent of teachers operating at Level 1 or\nbelow (vs 35 percent for all countries). Pedagogical competencies in mathematics were third lowest. There was\nlittle or no difference in performance between teachers based on their years of work experience, while teachers\nwith a university degree performed markedly better than those with a secondary diploma. <sup>13</sup>\n\n  - **Remedial programs for children returning to school are not fully functional** . The Education Act No. 16 of March\n2006 introduced two types of education as part of the education system to help absorb out-of-school children: a\n4-year non-formal basic education program which targets children aged 9-", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9083494544029236, "start": 121, "end": 132, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:110", "surface": "Education Statistics Yearbook", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\n  - **Interruptions in learning are common** . A 2019 survey indicated that 70 percent of school children aged 7-14 years\nexperienced classroom stoppages during the school year due to teacher absence; the other most common reasons\ngiven were strikes (66 percent) and natural catastrophe (20 percent). In the 2015-16 school year, the fall in oil\nprices led to a sharp reduction in salary payments, resulting in the closure of one quarter of primary schools.\n\n\n_Figure 1: Pupil-teacher ratio by province_\n\n\nSource: Education Statistics Yearbook, 2018-2019\n\n\n  - **The quality of teaching can be improved** . Aside from the difficulties of teaching effectively to overcrowded\nclassrooms, teachers have weak pedagogical skills and often do not master course content themselves. In a 2019\ncompetency test, primary teachers had the second lowest score (421) in reading comprehension among 14\nparticipating countries, and 38 percent were at Level 1 or below (vs. 17 percent for all countries). In terms of the\npedagogy of reading comprehension, Chad\u2019s score was again the second lowest. With respect to mathematical\ncompetencies, primary teachers had the lowest score (419), with 69 percent of teachers operating at Level 1 or\nbelow (vs 35 percent for all countries). Pedagogical competencies in mathematics were third lowest. There was\nlittle or no difference in performance between teachers based on their years of work experience, while teachers\nwith a university degree performed markedly better than those with a secondary diploma. <sup>13</sup>\n\n  - **Remedial programs for children returning to school are not fully functional** . The Education Act No. 16 of March\n2006 introduced two types of education as part of the education system to help absorb out-of-school children: a\n4-year non-formal basic education program which targets children aged 9-", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.21892288327217102, "start": 630, "end": 645, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:111", "surface": "2019\ncompetency test", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\n  - **Interruptions in learning are common** . A 2019 survey indicated that 70 percent of school children aged 7-14 years\nexperienced classroom stoppages during the school year due to teacher absence; the other most common reasons\ngiven were strikes (66 percent) and natural catastrophe (20 percent). In the 2015-16 school year, the fall in oil\nprices led to a sharp reduction in salary payments, resulting in the closure of one quarter of primary schools.\n\n\n_Figure 1: Pupil-teacher ratio by province_\n\n\nSource: Education Statistics Yearbook, 2018-2019\n\n\n  - **The quality of teaching can be improved** . Aside from the difficulties of teaching effectively to overcrowded\nclassrooms, teachers have weak pedagogical skills and often do not master course content themselves. In a 2019\ncompetency test, primary teachers had the second lowest score (421) in reading comprehension among 14\nparticipating countries, and 38 percent were at Level 1 or below (vs. 17 percent for all countries). In terms of the\npedagogy of reading comprehension, Chad\u2019s score was again the second lowest. With respect to mathematical\ncompetencies, primary teachers had the lowest score (419), with 69 percent of teachers operating at Level 1 or\nbelow (vs 35 percent for all countries). Pedagogical competencies in mathematics were third lowest. There was\nlittle or no difference in performance between teachers based on their years of work experience, while teachers\nwith a university degree performed markedly better than those with a secondary diploma. <sup>13</sup>\n\n  - **Remedial programs for children returning to school are not fully functional** . The Education Act No. 16 of March\n2006 introduced two types of education as part of the education system to help absorb out-of-school children: a\n4-year non-formal basic education program which targets children aged 9-", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3343605101108551, "start": 894, "end": 911, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:112", "surface": "PASEC", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\nin-service training. The trainings are designed to address in a very short time period (1-2 days) some pedagogical\nshortcomings that have been locally identified, and tend to focus on particular extracts of the curriculum covering\nsuch aspects as learning objectives and associated teaching-learning activities. Their effectiveness is not clear.\nTheir crammed schedules and sporadic occurrence do not enable the kind of spaced, interleaved and varied\ntraining that is needed to achieve durable learning that can be subsequently applied. They are not systematically\nlinked to follow-up in-school exercises and review that would reinforce the training. Participant feedback suggests\nthat they are to some extent disconnected from classroom realities, where such basic constraints as unavailable\ntextbooks or overflowing classrooms make it difficult to apply what is taught during the pedagogical days. There\nis room to broaden the scope of topics they cover, to include evidence-based, cross-cutting techniques to promote\nstudent learning and manage large class sizes; as well as to engage in professional development within the school.\nWith respect to the latter, professional development activities at school level are few and far between; and there\nis no policy framework to promote them. This is a missed opportunity, given that the school is an environment\nwhere conditions for effective continuous professional development might be created.\n\n15. **Pre-primary education can potentially contribute to increase primary completion rate and improve primary**\n**students\u2019 performance up to a certain grade** . The proportion of children of the last grade (Grade 6) of primary school\nsurveyed during the PASEC 2014 and 2019 who have attended preschool was respectively 19 percent and 25 percent\nwhereas that of those of Grade 2 was 14 percent and 7 percent, respectively. The positive difference of this proportion\nbetween Grade 6 and Grade 2 students, either in PASEC 2014 (5 percentage points) or PASEC 2019 (18 percentage points),\nhighlights", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7043421268463135, "start": 1881, "end": 1886, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:113", "surface": "PASEC 2014", "ctx": " that of those of Grade 2 was 14 percent and 7 percent, respectively. The positive difference of this proportion\nbetween Grade 6 and Grade 2 students, either in PASEC 2014 (5 percentage points) or PASEC 2019 (18 percentage points),\nhighlights the potential for preschool attendance to help pursue studies up to the end of the primary education. However,\nunlike Grade 2 students, there is no significant difference in the performance of Grade 6 students, regardless of preschool\nattendance. The difference observed for Grade 2 students underscores the importance of pre-primary in improving\nprimary students\u2019 performance, but only up to that grade-not beyond. If, despite the embryonic state of pre-primary\neducation, such a performance can be achieved, its development through the improving of its pedagogical and learning\nenvironment, and the establishment of a strong and well-coordinated monitoring system, would result in the\nachievement of higher learning outcomes in the primary education. Therefore, it is necessary to have a full diagnostic of\nthe pre-primary education to inform its expansion.\n\n\n16. **The primary education system is not yet fully integrated around the curriculum** . A competency-based approach\nwas officially adopted in 2008, and the primary curriculum has been revised accordingly. However, a recent report found\nthat the approach has not been adequately integrated into the pre-service or in-service teacher training curriculum, with\nthe exception of DP-financed in-service trainings for community teachers. Further, teaching-learning materials and\nevaluative methods are not yet fully aligned with the competency-based approach. <sup>25</sup> There is also a disconnect between\nthe curriculum\u2019s languages of instruction and the manner in which it is delivered. The primary education system has been\nofficially bilingual (Arab and French) since 1995. However, only 10 percent of primary teachers are bilingual. Tchad has\n134 individual languages among which 130 are living and 4 are extinct <sup>", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9186127185821533, "start": 161, "end": 171, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:114", "surface": "PASEC 2019", "ctx": " that of those of Grade 2 was 14 percent and 7 percent, respectively. The positive difference of this proportion\nbetween Grade 6 and Grade 2 students, either in PASEC 2014 (5 percentage points) or PASEC 2019 (18 percentage points),\nhighlights the potential for preschool attendance to help pursue studies up to the end of the primary education. However,\nunlike Grade 2 students, there is no significant difference in the performance of Grade 6 students, regardless of preschool\nattendance. The difference observed for Grade 2 students underscores the importance of pre-primary in improving\nprimary students\u2019 performance, but only up to that grade-not beyond. If, despite the embryonic state of pre-primary\neducation, such a performance can be achieved, its development through the improving of its pedagogical and learning\nenvironment, and the establishment of a strong and well-coordinated monitoring system, would result in the\nachievement of higher learning outcomes in the primary education. Therefore, it is necessary to have a full diagnostic of\nthe pre-primary education to inform its expansion.\n\n\n16. **The primary education system is not yet fully integrated around the curriculum** . A competency-based approach\nwas officially adopted in 2008, and the primary curriculum has been revised accordingly. However, a recent report found\nthat the approach has not been adequately integrated into the pre-service or in-service teacher training curriculum, with\nthe exception of DP-financed in-service trainings for community teachers. Further, teaching-learning materials and\nevaluative methods are not yet fully aligned with the competency-based approach. <sup>25</sup> There is also a disconnect between\nthe curriculum\u2019s languages of instruction and the manner in which it is delivered. The primary education system has been\nofficially bilingual (Arab and French) since 1995. However, only 10 percent of primary teachers are bilingual. Tchad has\n134 individual languages among which 130 are living and 4 are extinct <sup>", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7585592865943909, "start": 197, "end": 207, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:115", "surface": "MICS 2019", "ctx": " by roughly 70,000 children each year, <sup>32</sup> which assuming 40 children per\nclassroom/teacher would require the annual recruitment and construction of 1,750 teachers and classrooms,\nrespectively; without considering the parallel need to reduce already overcrowded class sizes and bring out-of-school\nchildren into the system.\n\n\n27 Data for this and the following two paragraphs are taken from MICS 2019.\n28 Chad Public Expenditure Analysis 2019: Fiscal Space for Productive Social Sectors Expenditure, June 2019, pp. 55 ff.\n29 The average for Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. Data from World Bank Databank \u2013 World Development Indicators.\n30 Projet de Renforcement de l\u2019\u00c9ducation et de l\u2019Alphab\u00e9tisation au Tchad (PREAT), Avril 2019, p. 12.\n31 World Bank Databank \u2013 World Development Indicators.\n32 World Bank Databank \u2013 Health, Nutrition and Population Statistics.\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 13 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.490240216255188, "start": 420, "end": 438, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:116", "surface": "World Bank Databank", "ctx": " by roughly 70,000 children each year, <sup>32</sup> which assuming 40 children per\nclassroom/teacher would require the annual recruitment and construction of 1,750 teachers and classrooms,\nrespectively; without considering the parallel need to reduce already overcrowded class sizes and bring out-of-school\nchildren into the system.\n\n\n27 Data for this and the following two paragraphs are taken from MICS 2019.\n28 Chad Public Expenditure Analysis 2019: Fiscal Space for Productive Social Sectors Expenditure, June 2019, pp. 55 ff.\n29 The average for Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. Data from World Bank Databank \u2013 World Development Indicators.\n30 Projet de Renforcement de l\u2019\u00c9ducation et de l\u2019Alphab\u00e9tisation au Tchad (PREAT), Avril 2019, p. 12.\n31 World Bank Databank \u2013 World Development Indicators.\n32 World Bank Databank \u2013 Health, Nutrition and Population Statistics.\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 13 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7318335175514221, "start": 637, "end": 670, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:117", "surface": "World Development Indicators", "ctx": " by roughly 70,000 children each year, <sup>32</sup> which assuming 40 children per\nclassroom/teacher would require the annual recruitment and construction of 1,750 teachers and classrooms,\nrespectively; without considering the parallel need to reduce already overcrowded class sizes and bring out-of-school\nchildren into the system.\n\n\n27 Data for this and the following two paragraphs are taken from MICS 2019.\n28 Chad Public Expenditure Analysis 2019: Fiscal Space for Productive Social Sectors Expenditure, June 2019, pp. 55 ff.\n29 The average for Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. Data from World Bank Databank \u2013 World Development Indicators.\n30 Projet de Renforcement de l\u2019\u00c9ducation et de l\u2019Alphab\u00e9tisation au Tchad (PREAT), Avril 2019, p. 12.\n31 World Bank Databank \u2013 World Development Indicators.\n32 World Bank Databank \u2013 Health, Nutrition and Population Statistics.\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 13 of 27", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1412857472896576, "start": 674, "end": 701, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:118", "surface": "project data on participation, promotion and integration", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD Improving Learning Outcomes Project (P175803)\n\n\nmodel and develop recommendations for scaling up. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the covered spaces will be\nconducted using a difference-in-difference method that compares baseline and endline learning achievements among a\ncontrol and treatment group; the mother-tongue instruction pilot will also be evaluated using a similar method. The\nproject will evaluate the remedial teaching program, using project data on participation, promotion and integration.\nFinally, there will be an overall project evaluation. Some of the quantitative studies might be coupled with qualitative\nones as deemed necessary. It will also be explored during project preparation the possibility of combining some of the\nevaluations\n\n\n30. The subcomponent will also finance: (i) project operating costs, including personnel and technical assistance for\nthe Project Implementation Unit (PIU), equipment, and supervision; (ii) as well as incremental operating costs of MENPC\ndepartments responsible for implementation.\n\n\n**Component 5: Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC) (USD 0 million)**\n\n31. In accordance with OP 10.00, paragraphs 12 and 13, to help improve response times in the event of future\nsituations where urgent assistance is needed. The CERC allows for rapid reallocation of project proceeds in the event of\na future natural or man-made disaster or crisis that has caused or is likely to cause a major adverse economic and/or\nsocial impact. This component will have no funding allocation initially. In the event of a future emergency, it could be\nused to draw resources from the unallocated expenditure category and/or allow the Government to request the World\nBank to re-categorize and reallocate financing from other project components to cover emergency response and recovery\ncosts.\n\n\n<mark>From a social point of view, the project areas is already considered fragile, with a very high incidence of poverty. High</mark>\n<mark>fragility and incidents of poverty", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5092049241065979, "start": 518, "end": 568, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:119", "surface": "Anecdotal evidence", "ctx": " and capacity building (for</mark>\n<mark>teachers) especially for the poorest and most marginalized who have limited access to education; (v) the poorest and most</mark>\n<mark>marginalized, who have limited access to learning opportunities; (vi) community safety issues related to access to learning</mark>\n<mark>spaces (schools for students) and training centers (for teachers); and (vi) early pregnancy, gender-based violence, and</mark>\n<mark>disability. Early sexual relations are also a major obstacle to girls' education, as they increase the risk of teenage pregnancy</mark>\n<mark>and school dropout. Anecdotal evidence indicates that GBV and sexual assault are also a risk, particularly for older</mark>\n<mark>adolescent girls. Teachers have been known to sexually exploit students in exchange for good grades. There is no physical</mark>\n<mark>resettlement, land acquisition or economic displacement that will be required for Project activities. The civil works are not</mark>\n<mark>expected to generate major social and environmental risks and negative impacts. The negative impacts are expected to be</mark>\n<mark>moderate and mostly site specific and will be mitigated by the preparation and implementation of key safeguards</mark>\n<mark>instruments containing necessary mitigation measures and provisions (an Environmental and Social Management</mark>\n<mark>Framework, Labor Management Procedures, a Stakeholder Engagement Plan and an Environmental and Social</mark>\n<mark>Commitment Plan). Close collaboration with the Ministry of Environment will also be required during both preparation and</mark>\n<mark>implementation to enable national ownership, align project safeguards with national policies and get clearance for the use</mark>\n<mark>of such instruments in a timely manner.</mark>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAug 03, 2021 Page 26 of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.25613656640052795, "start": 642, "end": 649, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:120", "surface": "Labor force", "ctx": "000 jobs per year to keep up with the growing working-age population** <sup>**2**</sup> **.** Uganda\ncurrently relies heavily on low productivity agriculture, which amounts to about 25% of the economy, 50% of exports\nand 70% of employment. To keep up with growth in the labor force, the economy needs to create 700,000 jobs per\nyear, which far exceeds the 75,000 jobs that are currently created each year. Raising incomes further will require\nimproving productivity in agriculture and exploring opportunities for absorbing excess labor into more productive\nemployment in industry and services.\n\n\n6. **Uganda\u2019s labor market is characterized by scarce employment opportunities that are concentrated in the informal**\n**sector** . Only half of working-age Ugandans are active in the labor force, and 48 percent are employed. Labor force\n\n\nJun 14, 2021 Page 3 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 859, "end": 861, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:121", "surface": "2020 Human Capital Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Skills Development in Refugee and Host Communities (P176263)\n\n\nparticipation rates are lower amongst women, at 40 percent, compared with 56 percent of men. Rural areas are\ncharacterized by lower rates of labor force participation at 48 percent, compared to 67 percent in urban areas.\nNationally, 85 percent of employed are engaged in the informal economy, predominantly in household-based\nagriculture and informal services. A higher proportion of women than men work in the informal economy, at 91 and\n88 percent respectively. <sup>3</sup>\n\n\n7. **A significant proportion of Uganda\u2019s youth population is likely to enter the labor market without foundational**\n**skills** . Uganda\u2019s 2020 Human Capital Index (HCI) is 0.38, a figure that is below the Sub-Saharan African average of\n0.40. This implies that a child born in Uganda today is likely to be only 38% as productive when she grows up, as she\ncould be if she enjoyed complete education and full health. The low HCI, in part, reflects the fact that a child who\nstarts schooling at the age of 4 is only expected to complete 6.8 years of school by his/her 18 <sup>th</sup> birthday, compared\nto the Sub-Saharan average of 8.3 years. This figure goes down to 4.5 years after adjusting for what students learn.\nAs much as 83% of Ugandan 10-year-olds cannot even read and understand a simple text by the end of primary\nschool. <sup>4</sup> This raises concerns regarding the foundational skills of a large proportion of youths, especially those who\nhave not completed primary education, who will enter the labor market in the next decade.\n\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n\n\n8. **The refugee inflow in recent years has exacerbated challenges in the delivery of essential services", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6238868236541748, "start": 750, "end": 770, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:122", "surface": "high-frequency phone survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Skills Development in Refugee and Host Communities (P176263)\n\n\nrates of poverty at 57 percent, compared to host communities at 29 percent. In Southwest, refugee poverty rates\nstood at 28 percent, competed to 11 percent for the host population. Poverty estimates for Kampala are low, with\nhost communities experiencing poverty at a higher rate than refugees (2 percent and close to zero respectively). <sup>11</sup> A\npreliminary analysis from a recent high-frequency phone survey administered by the Bank estimated that poverty\namong refugees increased after lockdown by eight percentage points. <sup>12</sup>\n\n\n**_TVET context_**\n\n\n12. **Uganda has made considerable efforts to expand the TVET sector during the last decade.** In their efforts to improve\nyouth\u2019s livelihood and employment prospects, Uganda has invested in strengthening policies, institutions and\nprograms to foster technical and vocational education and training (TVET) over the last decade. These efforts were,\nin part, facilitated by the Bank\u2019s systemic and programmatic investments in this sector. As a result, the Government\nof Uganda (GoU) established a comprehensive policy framework for TVET <sup>13</sup>, built stronger governance bodies as well\nas introduced innovative ways of skilling up youths targeted to strategic sectors (e.g., oil and manufacturing) in both\nurban and rural areas. Some of the most prominent Bank engagements include the establishment of the BTVET\nStrategic Plan (called Skilling Uganda) in 2011 as well as the subsequent Uganda Skills Development Project (USDP)\nwhich has played an instrumental role in expanding access to skilling as well as improving the quality and relevance\nof training.\n\n\n13. **Despite the improvements made in the TVET sector as a whole, the refugee and host communities (RHCs) face**\n**", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9139187335968018, "start": 522, "end": 540, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:123", "surface": "High-Frequency Phone Survey", "ctx": " the High-Frequency Phone Survey. 2021.\nWorld Bank and Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS).\n13 The GoU\u2019s TVET Policy (2019) presents a policy vision to prepare a \u201ccoordinated, labour-market responsive TVET system, producing\na skilled, high-quality, competent workforce that is employable and responsive to the national needs and is globally competitive to\nsupport Uganda\u2019s sustainable economic, social and environmental development.\u201d In order to achieve these goals, the GoU will\nmobilize strategies to promote economic relevance of TVET, improve equitable access to TVET and employability of TVET graduates,\n\n\nJun 14, 2021 Page 13 of 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5316961407661438, "start": 1, "end": 25, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:124", "surface": "RMIS", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Skills Development in Refugee and Host Communities (P176263)\n\n\nimprove quality of TVET, promote sustainable TVET financing, and ensure effectiveness of TVET management and organization. The\nBTVET Strategic Plan (2011) also provides a shift in the approach to employment-led skills development by providing labour marketrelevant skills and competencies. The core tenets are to increase internal efficiency and resource available to TVET, as well as to\nprovide more equitable access to skills development which is in line with this project\u2019s PDO.\n14 See Table 16 (page 48) of the Education Response Plan for Refugees and Host Communities in Uganda (2018) presents data from\nRMIS and multiple sources in September 2017.\n15 Only 8 percent of refugees have received some form of formal training. See\nhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/571081569598919068/Informing-the-Refugee-Policy-Response-in-Uganda-Resultsfrom-the-Uganda-Refugee-and-Host-Communities-2018-Household-Survey\n16 In 2016, over 50% of GDP and 80% of the labor force can be attributed to the informal sector in Uganda (UBOS, 2014). While there\nare no official statistics on informal labor market in Uganda\u2019s RHC, the UNHCR reports the economy in RHC as a predominantly informal\nsector.\n17 Violence against children in schools is widespread and has negative lasting impacts on physical and mental health, leading to risk of\nlow levels of educational attainment. A Raising Voices (2017) study identified that 93% of boys and 94% of girls aged 11-14 have\nexperienced physical violence from teachers in school. Sexual violence is likely to be underreported due to associated stigma.\n[18 For more details on Prospects, see the Vision Note (https://www.ilo", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4814039468765259, "start": 737, "end": 745, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:125", "surface": "Country Policy and Institutional Assessment", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nCHAD COVID-19 Education Emergency Response GPE Project (P174214)\n\n\n**Non-World Bank Group Financing**\n\n\n|Trust Funds|6.80|\n|---|---|\n|Education for All - Fast Track Initiative|6.80<br>|\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n**A. Introduction and Context**\n\n\nCountry Context\n\n1. **Chad is a low-income country (LIC) in the African Sahel region with a population of over 15 million**\n**people.** Chad is a landlocked, sparsely populated country with a high share of the population living in rural\nareas. Economic growth in Chad has been volatile over the last decade and its economy has been highly\nimpacted by the changes in oil prices observed in 2014 and 2015. Since 2018\u2014and as a result of the recovery\nin oil prices and the increase in oil and agricultural production\u2014real gross domestic product (GDP) growth has\nbeen observed (World Bank, 2020). Despite recent economic growth, poverty rates in Chad remain high, with\nnearly half of the population (47 percent) living below the poverty line (World Bank, 2020).\n\n\n2. **Chad is highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change and it has repeatedly experienced security**\n**threats over the last decade** . In 2018, with a Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) of 2.7, Chad\nwas classified as a Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV) country. Regional security risks have recently\ndestabilized the country and led to severe humanitarian needs. As of January 2020, there were 442,672\nrefugees settled in 19 camps in the East, the South and Lake Chad regions. <sup>1</sup> Climate change has contributed\nto the region\u2019s social fragility (particularly in the Lake Chad Region and the pastoral areas in the Sahelian part", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.23771166801452637, "start": 1281, "end": 1319, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:126", "surface": "large-scale learning assessments in Chad", "ctx": " 19 camps in the East, the South and Lake Chad regions. <sup>1</sup> Climate change has contributed\nto the region\u2019s social fragility (particularly in the Lake Chad Region and the pastoral areas in the Sahelian part\nof the country) and has seriously affected Chadians\u2019 livelihoods.\n\n\n3. **The direct impact of COVID-19 and the anticipated slowdown in the global economy will likely reduce**\n**trade and disrupt supply chains of basic goods** . The effects of a pandemic-driven global economic downturn\nand its impact on Chad\u2019s economy are difficult to predict at this stage. However, its impact on the education\nsector is already widespread and is reflected by students not having access to learning opportunities and a\nlarge number of students being at risk of malnutrition following their loss of school meals.\n\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n\n\n4. **Chad\u2019s performance in terms of human capital outcomes is closely linked to the structural weaknesses**\n**of its education sector.** Results from large-scale learning assessments in Chad indicate that 97 percent of\n\n\n1 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Refugee Protection Assessment for Chad, January 2020.\n\n\nAugust 14, 2020 Page 3 of 13", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.19728238880634308, "start": 1067, "end": 1106, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:127", "surface": "household survey", "ctx": ", is the very low share of\nhouseholds that have access to means of communication, thus making it difficult to reach large sections of the\ncountry using new technologies. In order to ensure continuity in the teaching and learning process, multiple\neducation delivery modalities will need to be used to reach the maximum number of students. These modalities\ninclude paper-based resources (printed materials, books, etc.), mobile phones, radio/audio interaction;\nvideo/television; and online teaching and learning platforms. This sub-component will mainly target vulnerable\nhouseholds using data from the recent household survey.\n\n\n**_Sub-Component 1.2: Teacher training to prepare and deliver educational content through a multi-modal_**\n**_distance learning system (US$0.7 million)._**\n\n\n14. Sub-component 1.2 will support training of approximately 5,000 teachers, particularly female teachers, in\nonline and distance learning methodologies to ensure teachers can effectively play a key role in supporting\nremote teaching and learning programs. Teachers will be trained to design formative questions, tests, or\nexercises to closely monitor students\u2019 learning processes. Teachers will also engage with parents and design\nsimple audio clips for parents who may not have gone to school to support them in home schooling, be on call\nfor interaction with learners and parents, or hosting online-or phone-based group learning conversations. To\nachieve this, the proposed Project will support: (i) technical assistance for teacher training programs to adapt the\ncurrent curriculum to distance learning strategies; (ii) a platform for all teachers (WhatsApp for instance) to\nengage among themselves, or with the administration, students, and parents; and (iii) printing and distribution\n(including digital) of guidance materials for teachers on the management of daily home-based learning practices.\n\n\nAugust 14, 2020 Page 7 of 13", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.029986467212438583, "start": 671, "end": 682, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:128", "surface": "ILO/FAO assessment of 363 small\nenterprises", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nDecent Employment Creation for Vulnerable Lebanese Citizens and Syrian Refugees in Livestock Value Chains\n\n\nof Lebanese households cite job competition as the biggest factor driving community tensions (IFC,\n2020).\n2. **To make matters worse, Lebanon continues to undergo a severe economic and financial crisis and**\n**the outlook is grim.** The lack of liquidity in the economy and severe shortage of dollars resulted in\nparallel exchange rates and inflationary pressures, as well as severe disruptions of essential imports.\nMovement restrictions taken to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have further exacerbated\nthe situation and severely affected all sectors of the economy. An ILO/FAO assessment of 363 small\nenterprises conducted in May 2020 showed that 39 percent of Lebanese workers were permanently\nlaid-off and 38 percent temporarily. For Syrians, that figure stands at 60 percent and 31percent,\nrespectively (ILO and FAFAO, 2020). A large explosion that occurred at the Port of Beirut on 4 August\n2020, killing over 200 people and injuring over 6,000, worsened the situation further. The explosion\ndevastated an area with a population of 750,000 people, amongst them vulnerable, poor, migrant\nworkers and refugee communities, as well as housing and food security infrastructure and\ninfrastructure at the port.\n3. **The combined effects of the above-described crisis events have resulted in unprecedented levels of**\n**unemployment and pushed both forcibly displaced Syrians and Lebanese host communities further**\n**into poverty.** The poverty rate has increased to 45 percent (World Bank, 2020). Preliminary data from\nthe Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VaSyr) 2020 indicates that the\npercentage of Syrian refugee households in extreme poverty (under the survival minimum\nexpenditure basket - SMEB) increased from 55 percent in 2019 to 88 percent in 2020 (UNHCR, 2019).\nAccording to a recent WFP assessment, 50 percent of Lebanese and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3807666003704071, "start": 769, "end": 799, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:129", "surface": "Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nDecent Employment Creation for Vulnerable Lebanese Citizens and Syrian Refugees in Livestock Value Chains\n\n\nof Lebanese households cite job competition as the biggest factor driving community tensions (IFC,\n2020).\n2. **To make matters worse, Lebanon continues to undergo a severe economic and financial crisis and**\n**the outlook is grim.** The lack of liquidity in the economy and severe shortage of dollars resulted in\nparallel exchange rates and inflationary pressures, as well as severe disruptions of essential imports.\nMovement restrictions taken to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have further exacerbated\nthe situation and severely affected all sectors of the economy. An ILO/FAO assessment of 363 small\nenterprises conducted in May 2020 showed that 39 percent of Lebanese workers were permanently\nlaid-off and 38 percent temporarily. For Syrians, that figure stands at 60 percent and 31percent,\nrespectively (ILO and FAFAO, 2020). A large explosion that occurred at the Port of Beirut on 4 August\n2020, killing over 200 people and injuring over 6,000, worsened the situation further. The explosion\ndevastated an area with a population of 750,000 people, amongst them vulnerable, poor, migrant\nworkers and refugee communities, as well as housing and food security infrastructure and\ninfrastructure at the port.\n3. **The combined effects of the above-described crisis events have resulted in unprecedented levels of**\n**unemployment and pushed both forcibly displaced Syrians and Lebanese host communities further**\n**into poverty.** The poverty rate has increased to 45 percent (World Bank, 2020). Preliminary data from\nthe Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VaSyr) 2020 indicates that the\npercentage of Syrian refugee households in extreme poverty (under the survival minimum\nexpenditure basket - SMEB) increased from 55 percent in 2019 to 88 percent in 2020 (UNHCR, 2019).\nAccording to a recent WFP assessment, 50 percent of Lebanese and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4907500147819519, "start": 1806, "end": 1860, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:130", "surface": "WFP assessment", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nDecent Employment Creation for Vulnerable Lebanese Citizens and Syrian Refugees in Livestock Value Chains\n\n\nof Lebanese households cite job competition as the biggest factor driving community tensions (IFC,\n2020).\n2. **To make matters worse, Lebanon continues to undergo a severe economic and financial crisis and**\n**the outlook is grim.** The lack of liquidity in the economy and severe shortage of dollars resulted in\nparallel exchange rates and inflationary pressures, as well as severe disruptions of essential imports.\nMovement restrictions taken to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have further exacerbated\nthe situation and severely affected all sectors of the economy. An ILO/FAO assessment of 363 small\nenterprises conducted in May 2020 showed that 39 percent of Lebanese workers were permanently\nlaid-off and 38 percent temporarily. For Syrians, that figure stands at 60 percent and 31percent,\nrespectively (ILO and FAFAO, 2020). A large explosion that occurred at the Port of Beirut on 4 August\n2020, killing over 200 people and injuring over 6,000, worsened the situation further. The explosion\ndevastated an area with a population of 750,000 people, amongst them vulnerable, poor, migrant\nworkers and refugee communities, as well as housing and food security infrastructure and\ninfrastructure at the port.\n3. **The combined effects of the above-described crisis events have resulted in unprecedented levels of**\n**unemployment and pushed both forcibly displaced Syrians and Lebanese host communities further**\n**into poverty.** The poverty rate has increased to 45 percent (World Bank, 2020). Preliminary data from\nthe Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VaSyr) 2020 indicates that the\npercentage of Syrian refugee households in extreme poverty (under the survival minimum\nexpenditure basket - SMEB) increased from 55 percent in 2019 to 88 percent in 2020 (UNHCR, 2019).\nAccording to a recent WFP assessment, 50 percent of Lebanese and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1997, "end": 1997, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:131", "surface": "General Agricultural Census", "ctx": "\npercentage of Syrian refugee households in extreme poverty (under the survival minimum\nexpenditure basket - SMEB) increased from 55 percent in 2019 to 88 percent in 2020 (UNHCR, 2019).\nAccording to a recent WFP assessment, 50 percent of Lebanese and 75 percent Syrians are worried\nabout not having enough food to eat. Loss of income and reduced production of food, essential for\ndietary sufficiency and diversity resulting from increased prices (e.g., eggs, milk, meat and fresh\nvegetables), will translate into greater food insecurity and reliance on external assistance over an\nextended period of time, particularly among the refugee populations and the poorest in host\ncommunities.\n\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n\n4. **Agriculture constitutes one of the main livelihood sources for vulnerable communities in rural areas**\n**and is seen as a critical sector for employment creation and poverty reduction in Lebanon** . The\nagricultural sector contributed 3 percent to the country\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP) and\nemployed 11 percent of the active working population in 2019 (World Bank, 2021); the broader agrifood sector contributes to a higher percentage of GDP when related value chain activities are\ncounted. Agriculture has the highest rate of those in poverty (40 percent) and the highest rate of\ninformal employment (85 percent), comprised mostly of women and refugees (FAO,2021). According\nto the General Agricultural Census carried out in 2010, the total utilized agricultural area (UAA) was\n231,000 ha cultivated by 169,512 agricultural holders. Almost half of the agricultural holders relied\nsolely on agricultural activities for their livelihoods and occupied around 63 percent of the UAA (FAO,\n2021). Crop production represents about 60 percent of agricultural output, while livestock production\naccounts for 40 percent (Dal _et al._ 2021). Exports accounted for an average of 21.1 percent of\n\n\nSep 02, 2021 Page 3 of 10", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3041450083255768, "start": 1523, "end": 1544, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:132", "surface": "2016\nproduction survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nDecent Employment Creation for Vulnerable Lebanese Citizens and Syrian Refugees in Livestock Value Chains\n\n\nmerchandise exports from 1998\u20132017 (World Bank, 2021). The production of animal products, such\nas cow\u2019s milk, poultry, sheep and goats and eggs, is one of the main activities in rural Lebanon,\nparticularly in the northern areas. In these areas, the poorest in the country, the majority of farmers\ndepend on dairy products as their primary means of subsistence (Abdallah _et al_ ., 2018). The 2016\nproduction survey indicated that the number of cattle heads reached 86 265, of which 62 percent\nwere dairy cows, accounting for 82 percent of the total value of milk production (FAO, 2021).\n5. **In smallholder and family farming households, women play a prominent role in animal production,**\n**but major constraints impede female work in the livestock value chain.** According to an FAO review\n(2021), in homesteads, women take care of poultry (with an average of 10\u201350 backyard chicken),\nsheep, goats and cattle. They are responsible for all aspects of animal husbandry, especially on farms\nwith less than 3 cows. The tasks include milking, feeding, providing water, fodder collection,\npreparing feed rations, and feed and care for the animals, particularly small ruminants, rabbits and\npoultry. Women also clean stables and poultry houses, as well as ensure egg collection and processing\nof milk into butter, cheese, yogurt, labneh, and other dairy products (in many cases, the processing\nand marketing activities are done through cooperatives). Marketing tasks performed by women\ninclude selling fresh milk, eggs and processed dairy products to people coming to their doorsteps\nfrom within their same villages or nearby villages or to middlemen coming to their doors. Female\ntraining needs in animal production include capacity building in the areas of animal nutrition and feed\nration mix, disease diagnosis and treatment", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.23549683392047882, "start": 561, "end": 577, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:133", "surface": "global\ndevelopment indicators", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nEnhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project Phase II (P177093)\n\n\n**B. Introduction and Context**\n\nCountry Context\n\n1. **South Sudan has been beset by decades of armed conflicts and ranks as one of the least developed countries in**\n**the world today.** Southern Sudan, as the region was called before independence, has been marred by conflict since 1955,\njust a year before Sudan attained its independence from British colonial rule. The region experienced systematic\nmarginalization and underdevelopment under both British and Sudanese rule, inhibiting it from developing its physical\nand human capital. Consequently, at its independence in July 2011, South Sudan ranked almost at the bottom of the global\ndevelopment indicators with little infrastructure, basic services provided almost entirely through humanitarian aid, and\nan economy completely dependent on oil. Renewed civil conflict broke out in December 2013 and has only recently\nsubsided with the formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity in February 2020, pursuant to the terms of\nthe September 2018 Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS). <sup>1</sup>\nPeace remains fragile, and implementation of several key provisions of the R-ARCSS \u2013 such as the unification of armed\nforces of different factions, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, and transitional justice \u2013\nremain stalled. While the national-level ceasefire is largely holding, violent events persist across the country, often with\nlinks to national actors and dynamics. Violent events and fatalities were twice the level in 2020 compared to 2019. Jonglei,\nthe Greater Pibor Administrative Area, Warrap, Lakes, and the Equatoria regions have all seen recent violence. <sup>2</sup> <mark>As a result</mark>\n<mark>of decades of insecurity, nearly 8.3 million people of the estimated 14", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.10550305992364883, "start": 817, "end": 840, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:134", "surface": "satellite imagery and geodata", "ctx": ", and the Equatoria regions have all seen recent violence. <sup>2</sup> <mark>As a result</mark>\n<mark>of decades of insecurity, nearly 8.3 million people of the estimated 14 million total population rely on some type of</mark>\n<mark>humanitarian assistance or protection.</mark> <sup>3</sup>\n\n2. **The country is highly prone to natural hazards and vulnerable to climate-related shocks.** Since independence in\n2011, the country suffered severe droughts (2011, 2015) and floods (2014, 2017, 2019, 2020) with high numbers of\ncasualties, displacement and loss of livestock severely impacting people\u2019s livelihoods and the country\u2019s development\nefforts. Highly reliant on subsistence farming and pastoralism, rural communities are particularly affected by extreme\nweather events. It is predicted that the projected increase in average annual temperature, coupled with further shifts in\nprecipitation patterns, will result in more intense and variable weather in the coming years. As evidenced by the\nsuccession of severe floods in 2019 and 2020, the consequences of this climate volatility are intensifying conflict over\nnatural resources, population displacement, and food insecurity. A recently completed remote Flood Damage and Needs\nAssessment of the 2020 seasonal floods documents the complex effects of flooding in South Sudan. Based on the analysis\nof satellite imagery and geodata, damages to physical assets and infrastructure are estimated at USD 121 million. This\nnumber is expected to be higher as there are several key sectors which are not included in the assessment due to lack of\ndata and limited field access. Importantly, in South Sudan\u2019s context of sustained poverty, conflict and fragility, the\nassessment makes evident that vulnerable population groups are disproportionately affected by the compounding effects\n\n\n1 IGAD: https://igad.int/programs/115-south-sudan-office/1950-signed-revitalized-agreement", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2766263484954834, "start": 1447, "end": 1466, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:135", "surface": "GDP real growth", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nEnhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project Phase II (P177093)\n\n\nof flooding on food insecurity, disaster displacement, and constrained access to basic services, especially WASH, health\nand education. <sup>4</sup>\n\n3. **A sharp decline in international oil prices triggered by the pandemic and devastating floods has eroded most of**\n**the economic gains from the peace process.** The economy had recorded strong growth before the COVID-19 pandemic,\nwith GDP real growth reaching 9.5 percent in FY2019/20, largely driven by the oil sector. However, as a result of the\nCOVID-19 pandemic, together with the decline in global oil prices, the resurgence of violence, and major flooding in late\n2020, the economy is projected to contract by 4.1 percent in FY2020/21. The service sector is estimated to have contracted\nby 9.6 percent as businesses struggled with subdued demand. In the agricultural sector, the area of cultivated land\nincreased by 6 percent in 2020 compared to the previous year, but production remains far from pre-conflict levels,\nresulting in a substantial food deficit and widespread food insecurity. <sup>5</sup> The economic downturn widened fiscal and the\nbalance of payments deficits, opening large financing gaps in the absence of concessional financing. Economic reforms\nhave stalled while consumer prices continue to climb. In the past, the monetization of the fiscal deficit resulted in high\ninflation and significant exchange rate depreciation, trends which continue. With the recovery of oil prices, a modest\neconomic recovery is projected in FY21/22. <sup>6</sup>\n\n4. **The risks of COVID-19 in South Sudan are high.** Having initially gone in lockdown on March 2020, South Sudan\nwas among the first countries in East Africa to ease movement restrictions in May 2020.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.39824050664901733, "start": 527, "end": 548, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:136", "surface": "Human Development Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nEnhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project Phase II (P177093)\n\n\nsince the signing of the R-ARCSS in 2018, due to the continuation of violence and insecurity as well as the macroeconomic\ncrisis and loss of purchasing power, with year-on-year inflation having reached 78 percent in November 2020. <sup>9</sup> Annualized\ninflation is projected to average 55 percent through 2023. <sup>10</sup> Poverty in South Sudan is not only monetary but\nmultidimensional, and much of the population has remained, returned, or sunk deeper into a state of destitution with\nextremely low rates of food security and access to basic services. <sup>11</sup> Chronic and widespread poverty contributes to South\nSudan\u2019s ranking of 185 out of 189 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI) 2020, with a life expectancy of only\n58 years compared to the global average of 72. <sup>12</sup>\n\n6. **The cumulative effects of years of violent conflict, climate-related disasters, and economic crisis have taken a**\n**significant toll.** As of May 2021, nearly 3.9 million people (with women and children representing 85 percent) <sup>13</sup> were\ndisplaced, many of them more than once. About 2.3 million people have fled to neighboring countries in search of safety\nwhile 1.6 million continue to be displaced within South Sudan. <sup>14</sup> A quarter of all IDPs are concentrated in five counties:\nRubkona, Juba, Tonj North, Tonj South and Yei. <sup>15</sup> A recent study estimates that over 400,000 people died between\nDecember 2013 and April 2018. <sup>16</sup>", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.45743921399116516, "start": 820, "end": 838, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:137", "surface": "intention surveys", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nEnhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project Phase II (P177093)\n\n\n(42,219). <sup>30</sup> According to recent intention surveys by both the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and IOM, the\nmain pull factors for return are improved security, family reunification, access to basic services, and livelihood\nopportunities. About 30 percent of refugees in neighboring countries consider returning, with IDPs being slightly more\nwilling to return over the next 12 months. Yet, illegal land occupation remains an issue for the displaced, who sometimes\nillegally occupy land in place of their own inaccessible properties during return processes. Conflict and disasters continue\nto create new displacement in locations such as Pibor, Unity, Warrap, Lakes, Western Bahr-el-Ghazal, Central Equatoria,\nand Jonglei. <sup>31</sup> Such factors created at least 167,979 new conflict-related displacements in 2019, for instance with a total\nof 271,000 conflict-related displacements in 2020. <sup>32</sup> Moreover, the increase in violence South Sudan has experienced since\n2019 may dampen the impetus for the wave of return that accompanied the signing of the R-ARCSS.\n\n11. **Returns in South Sudan are tending to re-establish pre-conflict patterns of population distribution, with**\n**returnees being more likely to return to areas within or near their original villages/towns.** An IOM assessment\ncommissioned by the World Bank found <sup>33</sup> that a large majority (87 percent) of IDPs and refugee returns are to areas of\nhabitual residence, with relocation to third areas accounting for just 6 percent. <sup>34</sup> Most returns occur within the same\ncounty (64 percent) or within the same state (23 percent)", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8677249550819397, "start": 162, "end": 169, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:138", "surface": "IOM assessment", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nEnhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project Phase II (P177093)\n\n\n(42,219). <sup>30</sup> According to recent intention surveys by both the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and IOM, the\nmain pull factors for return are improved security, family reunification, access to basic services, and livelihood\nopportunities. About 30 percent of refugees in neighboring countries consider returning, with IDPs being slightly more\nwilling to return over the next 12 months. Yet, illegal land occupation remains an issue for the displaced, who sometimes\nillegally occupy land in place of their own inaccessible properties during return processes. Conflict and disasters continue\nto create new displacement in locations such as Pibor, Unity, Warrap, Lakes, Western Bahr-el-Ghazal, Central Equatoria,\nand Jonglei. <sup>31</sup> Such factors created at least 167,979 new conflict-related displacements in 2019, for instance with a total\nof 271,000 conflict-related displacements in 2020. <sup>32</sup> Moreover, the increase in violence South Sudan has experienced since\n2019 may dampen the impetus for the wave of return that accompanied the signing of the R-ARCSS.\n\n11. **Returns in South Sudan are tending to re-establish pre-conflict patterns of population distribution, with**\n**returnees being more likely to return to areas within or near their original villages/towns.** An IOM assessment\ncommissioned by the World Bank found <sup>33</sup> that a large majority (87 percent) of IDPs and refugee returns are to areas of\nhabitual residence, with relocation to third areas accounting for just 6 percent. <sup>34</sup> Most returns occur within the same\ncounty (64 percent) or within the same state (23 percent)", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.640214741230011, "start": 1500, "end": 1512, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:139", "surface": "UNOCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview", "ctx": " percent. More than 70 percent of school-age children are not receiving education. <sup>37</sup> The country\nhas the lowest road density in Africa with less than 2 percent of the primary network paved, constraining access to the\nschools and health facilities that do exist. <sup>38</sup> The situation would likely worsen if the number of returnees (both from within\nand outside the country) increased to areas where humanitarian assistance is limited, as the impacts of COVID-19 become\nmore widespread, and in areas where continuing violence triggers short-term, localized displacement.\n\n\n13. **Local institutions\u2014both local governments and community institutions\u2014are mandated to play an integral role**\n**in providing services.** Under the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan 2011 as well as the Local Government Act (LGA)\n2009, the Government is organized into three tiers **\u2014** at the national, state, and local levels. The local government, in turn,\n\n\n30 Ibid.\n31 IOM 2021; and United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) (August 2019) ( _Mimeo_ ).\n32 IDMC (International Displacement Monitoring Center 2021. 2019 figures from UNOCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview, p.13 and IOM DTM, p.4\n33 IOM \u201cDraft Population Movement Analysis October 2019.\u201d\n34 IOM DTM. The movements of the remaining 7 percent of returnees could not be clearly determined.\n35 IOM DTM. Some displaced have moved to settle more permanently in urban centers (as in Wau or Malakal) or may remain in cities because they are unable to return\nto their villages due to security concerns, or the occupation of their land and houses by other groups (for example, Bor or Bentiu).\n36 UNOCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview (2018).\n37 UNESCO, et. al. 2018. _Global Initiative on Out of School Children, South Sudan Country", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8286460638046265, "start": 1201, "end": 1231, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:140", "surface": "IOM DTM", "ctx": " percent. More than 70 percent of school-age children are not receiving education. <sup>37</sup> The country\nhas the lowest road density in Africa with less than 2 percent of the primary network paved, constraining access to the\nschools and health facilities that do exist. <sup>38</sup> The situation would likely worsen if the number of returnees (both from within\nand outside the country) increased to areas where humanitarian assistance is limited, as the impacts of COVID-19 become\nmore widespread, and in areas where continuing violence triggers short-term, localized displacement.\n\n\n13. **Local institutions\u2014both local governments and community institutions\u2014are mandated to play an integral role**\n**in providing services.** Under the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan 2011 as well as the Local Government Act (LGA)\n2009, the Government is organized into three tiers **\u2014** at the national, state, and local levels. The local government, in turn,\n\n\n30 Ibid.\n31 IOM 2021; and United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) (August 2019) ( _Mimeo_ ).\n32 IDMC (International Displacement Monitoring Center 2021. 2019 figures from UNOCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview, p.13 and IOM DTM, p.4\n33 IOM \u201cDraft Population Movement Analysis October 2019.\u201d\n34 IOM DTM. The movements of the remaining 7 percent of returnees could not be clearly determined.\n35 IOM DTM. Some displaced have moved to settle more permanently in urban centers (as in Wau or Malakal) or may remain in cities because they are unable to return\nto their villages due to security concerns, or the occupation of their land and houses by other groups (for example, Bor or Bentiu).\n36 UNOCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview (2018).\n37 UNESCO, et. al. 2018. _Global Initiative on Out of School Children, South Sudan Country", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.343548446893692, "start": 1249, "end": 1262, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:141", "surface": "IOM DTM", "ctx": " percent. More than 70 percent of school-age children are not receiving education. <sup>37</sup> The country\nhas the lowest road density in Africa with less than 2 percent of the primary network paved, constraining access to the\nschools and health facilities that do exist. <sup>38</sup> The situation would likely worsen if the number of returnees (both from within\nand outside the country) increased to areas where humanitarian assistance is limited, as the impacts of COVID-19 become\nmore widespread, and in areas where continuing violence triggers short-term, localized displacement.\n\n\n13. **Local institutions\u2014both local governments and community institutions\u2014are mandated to play an integral role**\n**in providing services.** Under the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan 2011 as well as the Local Government Act (LGA)\n2009, the Government is organized into three tiers **\u2014** at the national, state, and local levels. The local government, in turn,\n\n\n30 Ibid.\n31 IOM 2021; and United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) (August 2019) ( _Mimeo_ ).\n32 IDMC (International Displacement Monitoring Center 2021. 2019 figures from UNOCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview, p.13 and IOM DTM, p.4\n33 IOM \u201cDraft Population Movement Analysis October 2019.\u201d\n34 IOM DTM. The movements of the remaining 7 percent of returnees could not be clearly determined.\n35 IOM DTM. Some displaced have moved to settle more permanently in urban centers (as in Wau or Malakal) or may remain in cities because they are unable to return\nto their villages due to security concerns, or the occupation of their land and houses by other groups (for example, Bor or Bentiu).\n36 UNOCHA Humanitarian Needs Overview (2018).\n37 UNESCO, et. al. 2018. _Global Initiative on Out of School Children, South Sudan Country", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4954444169998169, "start": 1322, "end": 1331, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:142", "surface": "Implementation Status and Results", "ctx": " ECRP-II, these measures will be supplemented by the following: <sup>53</sup>\n\n\n    - **Establishment of female O&M committees at WASH facilities** **to manage user fees** . As women are responsible\nfor water collection and gather at water points, the collection and management of user fees can follow from\nthis role and provide a context for the development of leadership and other capacities.\n\n    - **Establishing a revolving fund for women\u2019s income generation and food security.** The pooled user fees will be\nused to initiate activities such as vegetable gardens around water points.\n\n    - **Training in basic business skills.** To support income generation activities, training will be provided into the\nwomen\u2019s O&M committees in literacy and numeracy, savings and credit concepts, record keeping, financial\nmanagement and business development.\n\n    - **Establishment of female groups on disaster response and preparedness.** Train women-led disaster response\ngroups on disaster response and preparedness measures.\n\n\n52 As of the latest Implementation Status and Results (ISR) prepared in March 2021, the rating for project progress towards achievement of Project Development\nObjective (PDO) is Satisfactory while implementation progress is Moderately Satisfactory. As of April 8, 2021, total project disbursement stands at US$8.56 million,\nrepresenting 19 percent of the total project amount.\n53 These activities will be conducted in close coordination and seek complementarities with the planned Women\u2019s Social and Economic Empowerment Project, which\nwill also focus on supporting economic opportunities and entrepreneurial training for women and on addressing GBV.\n\n\nAug. 1, 2021 Page 12 of 20", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2813799977302551, "start": 999, "end": 1032, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:143", "surface": "ECRP functionality assessments", "ctx": "\nnew areas to examine staffing, equipment, jurisdictional issues, core function capacities, local service mapping capability,\nand GBV referral capacities and (b) the provision of technical assistance for county government officials on service delivery\nplanning; positive engagement with communities through participatory development planning, subproject\nimplementation monitoring, BDCs/PDCs\u2019 performance monitoring, and periodic reporting on ECRP-II implementation. The\nlevels of technical assistance will be tailored to each county based on the findings of the ECRP functionality assessments\nfor previously engaged counties and new functionality assessments for new counties engaged under ECRP-II. This\nassistance will also facilitate the county government officials\u2019 visiting subproject sites and participating in the BDCs/PDCs\u2019\nplanning workshops as needed. Given the unknowns with regard to the level of functionality of county governments,\nespecially in conflict-affected areas, this subcomponent does not have an explicit result indicator. Where functionality\nassessments determine that some county governments are not functional, the project will focus on supporting community\ninstitutions.\n\n38. **Subcomponent 2.3 National Government Strengthening** . This sub-component will support the capacity building\nof the PMU based on an assessment of their technical competencies in the areas of financial management, procurement,\nproject planning, monitoring and evaluation, community engagement methods, and safeguards. The Project will also\ndevelop standards and training for fiduciary and technical supervision capacities. ECRP-II will facilitate linkages between\nthe PMU and the CCTs at the county level to establish protocols and regularized support for constructive county\nengagement in local resource management and service delivery improvement and maintenance activity.\n\n\n39. GIZ, who has long engaged in local governance strengthening support in South Sudan with LGB, has shown interest\nin collaborating with the Bank on the implementation of ECRP-II. While discussions are still underway, GIZ may provide\nparallel financing to all or part of the ECRP-II activities while utilizing the same government agencies as the implementing", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2950356602668762, "start": 608, "end": 628, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:144", "surface": "Digital vaccination registry", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178587)\n\n\n**C.** **Learning Agenda**\n\n\n14. **The project will support adaptive learning throughout implementation, as well as from international**\n**organizations including the WHO, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), United**\n**Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and others.** It will adjust to emerging technical, social, and economic evidence,\nas applicable, and incorporate lessons learned from ongoing global vaccine rollout and COVID-19-related service\ndelivery. In Lebanon, this learning agenda involves a continuation of on-going World Bank technical assistance\n(TA), including:\n\n\n\n\n- **Technical:** Monitoring of vaccine deployment readiness assessments and technical support to regular\nupdates of the NDVP\n\n- **Social behaviors** : The following data collection initiatives will be undertaken to improve knowledge and\nunderstanding of perceptions and attitudes towards vaccination as well as performance of the vaccination\ninitiative **:**\n\n\n\na. Facebook Surveys to assess beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and identify\n\ncauses of hesitancy\nb. Testing of communication messages to improve uptake of vaccines\nc. Iterative Beneficiary Monitoring (IBM): an iterative feedback loop that collects information\n\ndirectly from beneficiaries and identifies challenges at the local level\nd. Third-party monitoring of vaccine deployment: Performance score cards to monitor\n\n\n\nperformance by vaccination sites and identify challenges in vaccination deployment\n\n- **Digital vaccination registry:** An innovative approach for data transparency based on the digitalization of\nvaccination data has significantly enhanced public trust in the COVID-19 vaccination program. This approach\nutilizes the digital platform pioneered by the Inter-ministerial and Municipal Platform for Assessment\nCoordination and Tracking (IMPACT), hosted by the oversight body Central Inspection Bureau (CIB).\n\n\n\n**<mark>II.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06551128625869751, "start": 1744, "end": 1768, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:145", "surface": "vaccination data", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178587)\n\n\n**C.** **Learning Agenda**\n\n\n14. **The project will support adaptive learning throughout implementation, as well as from international**\n**organizations including the WHO, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), United**\n**Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and others.** It will adjust to emerging technical, social, and economic evidence,\nas applicable, and incorporate lessons learned from ongoing global vaccine rollout and COVID-19-related service\ndelivery. In Lebanon, this learning agenda involves a continuation of on-going World Bank technical assistance\n(TA), including:\n\n\n\n\n- **Technical:** Monitoring of vaccine deployment readiness assessments and technical support to regular\nupdates of the NDVP\n\n- **Social behaviors** : The following data collection initiatives will be undertaken to improve knowledge and\nunderstanding of perceptions and attitudes towards vaccination as well as performance of the vaccination\ninitiative **:**\n\n\n\na. Facebook Surveys to assess beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and identify\n\ncauses of hesitancy\nb. Testing of communication messages to improve uptake of vaccines\nc. Iterative Beneficiary Monitoring (IBM): an iterative feedback loop that collects information\n\ndirectly from beneficiaries and identifies challenges at the local level\nd. Third-party monitoring of vaccine deployment: Performance score cards to monitor\n\n\n\nperformance by vaccination sites and identify challenges in vaccination deployment\n\n- **Digital vaccination registry:** An innovative approach for data transparency based on the digitalization of\nvaccination data has significantly enhanced public trust in the COVID-19 vaccination program. This approach\nutilizes the digital platform pioneered by the Inter-ministerial and Municipal Platform for Assessment\nCoordination and Tracking (IMPACT), hosted by the oversight body Central Inspection Bureau (CIB).\n\n\n\n**<mark>II.", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3991861641407013, "start": 1861, "end": 1879, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:146", "surface": "Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178587)\n\n\ndisproportionally affecting the poor and middle class. The explosion at the Port of Beirut (PoB) on August 4, 2020,\nled to the loss of lives of almost 200 people, wounded over 6,000, and damaged 292 health facilities, significantly\nreducing care access, especially for vulnerable populations. The Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment estimates\ndamages of approximately US$3.8 \u2013 4.6 billion, economic losses of US$2.9 \u2013 3.5 billion, and priority recovery and\nreconstruction needs of US$1.8 \u2013 2.0 billion.\n\n16. **The COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious threat to Lebanon\u2019s health system and economy, particularly affecting**\n**the poor and the vulnerable.** The unmet health needs are immense, and the healthcare system lacks the needed\nhuman and financial resources to manage or respond to this pandemic. Lebanon is also facing a 10-year\nhumanitarian situation caused by an unprecedented influx of displaced Syrians. Among its total population of 6.8\nmillion, Lebanon hosts more than 1.5 million Syrian and 400,000 Palestinian refugees, the largest refugee\npopulation per capita in the world. The refugee population and an estimated 300,000 migrant workers sum up to\n30 percent of the country's current total population. The influx of refugees exacerbated the healthcare system's\nfragility, which was already overstretched by economic and political instability.\n\n\n**E.** **Sectoral and Institutional Context**\n\n\n17. **Lebanon\u2019s health system is highly diverse with a mix of public, non-profit, and private providers and a multitude**\n**of insurance coverage schemes.** The private sector is a major provider of health services: 85 percent of hospital\nbeds are in the private sector and many primary health care centers (PHCC", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5385444760322571, "start": 393, "end": 445, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:147", "surface": "IMPACT platform", "ctx": "VID-19<br>Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility<br>(Self-Financing), and donations.<br> <br>|\uf0a7 <br>GoL plans to achieve 80 percent<br>coverage of the population by end 2022.<br>\uf0a7 <br>GoL requested the WB support to<br>finance the procurement and<br>deployment of additional COVID-19<br>vaccines and supplies.<br> <br>|\n|Prioritization,<br>targeting, COVID-19<br>surveillance|<br>\uf0a7 <br>Lebanon has recently expanded eligible<br>groups to include children aged 12 and<br>above in addition to recommending booster<br>shots.<br>\uf0a7 <br>IMPACT platform is used as a national<br>platform for COVID-19 registration<br>and vaccination.<br>\uf0a7 <br>WB provided technical assistance to the IT|\uf0a7 <br>Procurement of pharmaceuticals,<br>equipment and supplies and capacity<br>building is needed for the detection and<br>case management of COVID-19.<br>\uf0a7 <br>To ensure sustainability of the COVID-19<br>units at hospitals, financial support shall<br>be provided to these hospitals through<br>covering COVID-19 treatment bills.|\n\n\nPage 14 of 54", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6159146428108215, "start": 539, "end": 550, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:148", "surface": "vaccination data", "ctx": ">sources to support the vaccination sites.<br>\uf0a7 <br>Additional mobile vaccination units need<br>to be deployed to vaccinate hard-to-<br>reach populations.<br>\uf0a7 <br>Given the success of the large-scale<br>marathons being conducted by the<br>MoPH, additional marathons should be<br>conducted to improve vaccine uptake.<br> <br>|\n|Training and<br>supervision<br>|\uf0a7 <br>Vaccination teams were trained on the<br>vaccination process.<br> <br>|<br>\uf0a7 <br>With the opening of new vaccination<br>sites with new vaccination teams,<br>reminder trainings may be required. In<br>preparation for vaccination in schools,<br>vaccination teams should also be trained<br>on vaccination in children/ adolescents.<br> <br>|\n|Monitoring and<br>evaluation<br>|\uf0a7 <br>Multiple channels for grievance reporting<br>exist (hotline, and the MOPH website) for<br>vaccination.<br>\uf0a7 <br>IMPACT platform is used to monitor<br>vaccination data<br> <br>|<br>\uf0a7 <br>A Third-Party Monitoring Agency (TPMA)<br>was contracted to verify theGoL\u2019s<br>compliance of the vaccination<br>deployment with the NDVP, WHO<br>standards and WB requirements<br>reflected in the legal agreements,<br>Environmental and Social safeguards and<br>POM.<br>\uf0a7 <br>A technical auditor will be hired to<br>monitor the deployment of World Bank-<br>financed vaccines under the proposed<br>operation.<br> <br>|", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.21243342757225037, "start": 914, "end": 930, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:149", "surface": "UN Lebanon population estimate", "ctx": "br>|<br>Received<br>in full|Sputnik V|80,000|\n|Other|0.6%|0.038 M|<br>Donation|Sputnik V|0.075 M|<br>Not<br>eligible|<br>TBD<br>|Sputnik V|55,000|\n|Other|5.8%|0.395 M|Donation|Sinopharm|0.79 M|<br>Eligible|Received<br>in full<br>|Sinopharm|790,000|\n|Other|5.2%|0.353 M|Donation<br>|Moderna|0.707 M|Eligible|<br>Received<br>in full|Moderna|706,940|\n|Other<br>|4.9%|0.336 M|Donation through<br>COVAX|Janssen|336,000|Eligible|<br>Signed|Janssen|336,000|\n|**National**<br>**Total**|**83.4%7 **|**5.694 M**|<br>|<br>|**11.053 M**||||**8.203 M**|\n\n\n\n7 The calculation of the population coverage with doses secured is based on the UN Lebanon population estimate of 6.8M and on two doses per person or one dose per person depending on the vaccine\ntype as per the current definition of \u201cfully vaccinated\u201d. The calculation does not take into consideration the requirement of a third dose for adults who received their second dose 5 months prior, vaccine\ndoses which were delivered but have already expired, dose sparing due to possible use of half dose of the Moderna vaccine as a booster", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.24428564310073853, "start": 663, "end": 679, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:150", "surface": "hesitancy survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178587)\n\n\nin an inclusive and non-discriminatory manner. However, certain groups, including Syrian and Palestinian\nrefugees, have been lagging behind in COVID-19 vaccination (see Table 5) due to multiple challenges including\ndifficulties in navigating the vaccination registration process, vaccine hesitancy, fuel and economic crises, and\ncompeting priorities. A hesitancy survey conducted by International Medical Corps (IMC) in June/July 2021\nshowed that while the proportion of Lebanese willing to take the vaccine has increased by 32 percent, in the\nrefugee community, only a 10 percent increase was noted. In fact, more than 60 percent of refugees did not think\nthe COVID-19 vaccine was safe nor efficient. 10 percent of the surveyed refugees cited transportation to\nvaccination centers and security concerns as barriers to vaccination. According to a recent report on vaccine\nhesitancy among refugees in Lebanon <sup>8</sup>, Syrian refugees, similarly to Lebanese, had higher hesitancy towards\nspecific types of vaccines compared to others (namely more hesitancy towards the Astrazeneca vaccine compared\nto the Pfizer vaccine). This might have had an impact on the vaccination rates among Syrian refugees as their\npreferred vaccine type was restricted to specific age groups based on the prioritization plan at the initial stages of\nthe campaign. Refugees also expressed a shift in priority from COVID-19 related concerns to challenges arising\nfrom the socio-economic crisis. Several actors have been engaged in efforts to increase registration and\nvaccination among the refugee population. This includes outreach to Syrian refugees by phone and through doorto-door visits to raise awareness on the importance of vaccination and support in the registration process by\nUNHCR. UNHCR\u2019s partners have also deployed mobile units to areas of high Syrian refugee concentrations to\nconduct vaccination. As for the <mark>United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</mark>\n(UN", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5838042497634888, "start": 470, "end": 483, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:151", "surface": "immunization program data", "ctx": "-vulnerable populations on vaccine\ndelivery to increase their awareness and reduce vaccine hesitancy. The plan will also focus on improving access of\nCOVID-19 vaccination services to climate vulnerable populations (poor Lebanese, refugees, and host communities)\nliving in rural areas.  The component will also support effective health care waste management, such as use of\nnon-burn technologies and support for the development of micro-plans that promote the use of high energy\nefficiency or hybrid energy consumption. Another adaptation measure is the purchase solar equipment/supplies\nthat will be off grid such as cold chain equipment with solar powered fridges and freezers that will provide reliable\n24/7 power and efficient cooling. The NDVP includes measures to deal with any unexpected disruptions to the\nvaccine supply chain, distribution and storage from climate change impacts and other unexpected disasters (i.e.,\npower outages). The immunization program data is managed through an innovative platform (IMPACT) which uses\n\n\nPage 33 of 54", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.32973864674568176, "start": 1005, "end": 1028, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:152", "surface": "Facebook survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178587)\n\n\n79 **. The World Bank will support various efforts to actively engage with citizens to collect feedback on the NDVP and**\n**project performance, through social media surveys, the TPM mechanism, and through the use of Iterative**\n**Beneficiary Monitoring (IBM).** In February 2021, the World Bank team administered a Facebook survey to assess\nbeliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Responses from more than 15,000 participants showed that\nonly 28 percent of them intended to take the vaccine when it becomes available, and 48 percent were still unsure\nat the time of the survey. Moreover, as part of the TPM mechanism, feedback from vaccine recipients and health\nproviders was collected and shared regularly with the MoPH, the National Vaccination Committee, and the Vaccine\nExecutive Committee for corrective action as needed. Additionally, performance score cards were produced and\nshared with vaccination sites to monitor performance and identify challenges. An IBM approach is also being\nplanned as an iterative feedback loop that collects information directly from beneficiaries and identifies challenges\nat the local level that can be addressed by project teams. In addition to improving project efficiency, this approach\nincreases beneficiary engagement and satisfaction by creating positive, self-reinforcing cycles of improvement.\nFindings will be used to improve the communication campaign and citizen engagement. Through the IBM as well\nas social media surveys, engagement with community, especially in remote areas, will ensure the inclusion of their\nongoing feedback in the rollout and implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign to strengthen targeting\naccuracy and increase uptake. To ensure citizen engagement, the project will: (a) target messages to areas where\nvulnerable groups, including refugees and IDPs, reside to inform them about safety measures and benefits; (b)\ntailor messages to the elderly and those with medical risks including their target family members and health care", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.09749004989862442, "start": 423, "end": 436, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:153", "surface": "Facebook survey", "ctx": "\nworkers: 58 percent of pharmacists and 81 percent of nurses) (UN Women, NCLW, UNFPA, and WHO 2020b, Salti\nand Mezher 2020; The World Bank 2021).\n\n81. **Gender-based differences also exist in intentions to receive the COVID19 vaccine uptake and in the share of**\n**those getting vaccinated.** At the beginning of the vaccination campaign, data from a Facebook survey indicated\nthat fewer women expressed intent to get vaccinated compared to men (20 percent of surveyed women compared\nto 37 percent of surveyed men). However, as of March 2022, the share of women among those registered on the\nnational platform for the vaccine and the share of doses administered to women are almost equal to that of men\n(Table 8). These figures are reflective of the population distribution (50 percent of total population are female in\n2020). When focusing on sub-groups of the population, the disparity may tilt to the disadvantage of women. Among\n\n\nPage 35 of 54", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.17165768146514893, "start": 382, "end": 393, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:154", "surface": "MoPH COVID-19 surveillance in Lebanon", "ctx": " significant financing behind it.\n\n88. **Fiduciary risks are Substantial.** The residual procurement risk is Substantial (see para 64) and residual FM risk is\nModerate (see para 54). Based on the FM assessment, the FM risk is rated as Substantial. With the proposed\nmitigating measures, MoPH will have met the FM requirements and will have an acceptable FM system and the\nresidual FM risk rating would be Moderate.\n\n\n13 MoPH COVID-19 surveillance in Lebanon, April 10, 2022; 411,643 calls on 1787 hotline and 708,187 calls on 1214 hotline.\n\n\nPage 37 of 54", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5954691171646118, "start": 450, "end": 482, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:155", "surface": "figures produced by MoPH and the TPMA", "ctx": " between\nthe figures produced by MoPH and the TPMA. An action plan has been agreed upon between the World Bank\nand MoPH.\n\nb. Under the new project, the proposed activities will be similar to those implemented under the COVID-19\n\ncomponent (component 4) of the LHRP. The MoPH will benefit from the FM arrangements and lessons learned\nunder LHRP to implement the new project. This includes putting in place, as early as possible, a dedicated PMU to\nspeed up the implementation of the project activities; the same PMU under LHRP will carry out the\nimplementation of the proposed project, but additional staff (stock management officer and environmental and\nsocial safeguards officer) will be hired to carry out the additional work required. With the recent recruitment of a\nFinancial Assistant to support the Financial Officer in performing the FM related activities, it is expected that FM\nreports and activities will be completed in a timely manner. The World Bank will continue to provide the PMU\nwith training and hands-on support to implement the FM activities. Under this new operation, the MoPH will hire\ntechnical auditor(s) to verify the COVID-19 vaccination activities and COVID-19 hospitalization claims. To ensure\nadequate availability of funds in the project accounts, the MoPH will continue to ensure proper coordination with\nthe Ministry of Finance (MoF) and CoA to ascertain that funds are cleared and transferred from the MoF Treasury\nAccount to the project accounts swiftly and with minimal delays. Payments from the project accounts will be\nprocessed at the Sayrafa platform exchange rate for locally recruited third parties and in US$ for international\ngoods and services.\n\nc. The current Financial Officer and Financial Assistant working on the LHRP will be responsible for handling the FM\n\naspects of the project under the supervision of the Project Director. The project funds will be disbursed in US$\nand will be channeled through the MoF Treasury Account and will be transferred to the project", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6932689547538757, "start": 13, "end": 51, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:156", "surface": "technical audit records", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178478)\n\n\nand additional staffing will be hired to carry out the additional work required as needed. The current Financial\nOfficer and Financial Assistant will be responsible for handling the FM aspects of the project under the supervision\nof the Project Director. Both have experience in implementing World Bank-financed projects. The World Bank will\ncontinue to provide the necessary training to the Financial Officer, Financial Assistant and any new staff recruited\non World Bank FM procedures. MoPH is in the process of recruiting a stock management officer who will be\nresponsible for the vaccine stock inventory and will support the ministry in aligning the stock count with the\ntechnical audit records.\n\ng. _Internal controls:_ The MoPH has limited internal controls functions. The internal controls are set according to the\n\nMoPH\u2019s internal bylaws. For this operation, the project PMU will prepare an FM chapter for the POM, containing\ndetailed information about the FM procedures and rules governing the flow of funds and internal control\nprocedures, as well as the specific responsibilities of each member of the unit. The POM will need to be finalized\nwithin one month of project effectiveness. To strengthen the internal controls for the project, the MoPH will hire\ntechnical auditor(s) to verify the COVID-19 vaccination activities and COVID-19 hospitalization claims. The\ntechnical auditor(s) will be responsible to independently: (i) verify the GOL\u2019s compliance of the deployment of the\nWorld Bank-financed vaccines with the NDVP, WHO standards and World Bank requirements reflected in the legal\nagreements, Environmental and Social safeguards and the POM; and (ii) validate the payments made for COVID19 hospital claims and confirm that these expenditures are eligible as per the legal agreement and POM. In\naddition, and for better control over the vaccine stock, this technical audit will be conducting independent physical\nstock count of the COVID-19 vaccine", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.014203672297298908, "start": 811, "end": 836, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:157", "surface": "MoPH stock reports", "ctx": " for COVID19 hospital claims and confirm that these expenditures are eligible as per the legal agreement and POM. In\naddition, and for better control over the vaccine stock, this technical audit will be conducting independent physical\nstock count of the COVID-19 vaccine doses at the vaccination sites and storage sites and reconciling the physical\nstock count with the MoPH stock reports. The PMU, from its end, will finalize the recruitment of a stock\nmanagement officer to monitor and validate the inventory of the vaccine stock which will help to align the stock\ncount between MoPH and the technical audit. In addition, the PMU will complete the procurement and\ninstallation of an accounting software to record transactions under the project and produce financial reports.\n\nh. _Budgeting:_ The WB funds will be channeled through the MoF Treasury Account and will be transferred to the\n\nproject accounts. A procurement plan and a disbursement plan for World Bank financing will be used to compare\nplanned expenditures with actual ones and monitor any variances. PMU will be preparing a separate annual\nbudget and a disbursement plan. The budget will be prepared on an annual basis and submitted to the World\nBank in November/December of each year covering the subsequent year. The PMU will monitor the variances in\nthe disbursement plan and will provide justification on any major divergence.\n\ni. _Project accounting system:_ The PMU does not have an accounting software to record transactions and produce\nfinancial reports. The same accounting software that is currently being procured under LHRP will be used under\nthe proposed project to record daily transactions and produce the required financial reports. The project Financial\nOfficer and Financial Assistant will be responsible for preparing the IFRs before their transmission to the Project\nDirector for approval. Project accounting will cover all sources and uses of project funds, including payments made\nand expenses incurred. All transactions related to the project will be recorded using the cash basis of accounting.\n\nj. _Project reporting:_ The project financial reporting includes", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.24839331209659576, "start": 381, "end": 398, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:158", "surface": "IFRs", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178478)\n\n\nmade using SOE basis, (iv) a budget analysis statement indicating forecasts and discrepancies relative to\nthe actual budget, and (v) a comprehensive list of all fixed assets.\nThe IFRs should be produced every quarter and sent to the World Bank within 45 days from the end of each\nquarter. PFS should be produced annually and will include the same information as the IFRs.\n\nk. _Flow of funds:_ The funds will be transferred from the World Bank to the project in accordance with the provisions\n\nof the Legal Agreements and Disbursement and Financial Information Letter. The MoPH will open and manage\ntwo project designated accounts in US$ at the Central Bank; one project designated account pooled for the IBRD\nand GCFF funds, and another project designated account for the grant funds from GPG solutions. The funds will\nbe channeled from the World Bank to the MoF Treasury Account for Loans and Grants and then transferred to the\nproject designated accounts at the Central Bank of Lebanon in US$ under the MoPH and in the project\u2019s name.\nDeposits into and payments from the DA will be made in accordance with the provisions set out in both the Loan\nAgreement and Disbursement and Financial Information Letter and as outlined in the WB\u2019s \u201cDisbursement\nGuidelines for Projects.\u201d The funds will be received in US$ in the treasury account for loans and grants and then\ntransferred to the project designated accounts. For payments made to local third parties (suppliers, contractors,\nconsultants, etc.), the transfers will be made out of the project designated accounts and will be received in\nLebanese Pounds by the third parties at the Central Bank Sayrafa platform rate. For international firms and\ninternationally imported goods and services, the payments will be made in US$. The Financial Officer will be\nresponsible for preparing", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.0278596393764019, "start": 470, "end": 475, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:159", "surface": "WAs submitted online by the MoPH", "ctx": " designated accounts and will be received in\nLebanese Pounds by the third parties at the Central Bank Sayrafa platform rate. For international firms and\ninternationally imported goods and services, the payments will be made in US$. The Financial Officer will be\nresponsible for preparing the Withdrawal Applications (WAs) to request funds from the World Bank. These WAs\nwill be instructed by two signatories to be determined by MoPH. Funds will be transferred from the World Bank\nbased on WAs submitted online by the MoPH.\n\n\nl. _Technical audit(s):_ The MoPH will hire technical auditor(s) to verify the COVID-19 vaccination activities and COVID19 hospitalization claims. The technical auditor(s) will be responsible to independently: (i) verify the GOL\u2019s\ncompliance of the vaccination deployment with the NDVP, WHO standards and World Bank requirements\nreflected in the legal agreements, Environmental and Social safeguards and POM; and (ii) validate the payments\nmade for COVID-19 hospital claims and confirm that these expenditures are eligible as per the legal agreement\nand POM. The technical auditor(s) will prepare quarterly reports and will share the draft report simultaneously\nwith the World Bank upon its delivery to the MoPH, 30 days after the end of each quarter. The final TOR(s) for the\ntechnical auditor(s) will be subject to World Bank approval. The work of the technical auditor(s) under this project\nwill build on the existing third-party monitoring mechanisms for verification of hospital treatment and vaccination\nunder LHRP. Considering the program context and the learnings from the LHRP, a simplified approach will be\nadopted, aiming at improving the capacity of MoPH to monitor these activities. Appointment of the vaccination\ntechnical auditor will be a disbursement condition for the funds allocated for the procurement of vaccines.\nAppointment of the technical auditor for COVID-19 hospitalization claims will be a disbursement condition for the\nfunds allocated for", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2512168288230896, "start": 513, "end": 558, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:160", "surface": "project activity progress", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nStrengthening Lebanon\u2019s Covid-19 Response (P178478)\n\n\nTORs will be finalized and agreed with the World Bank within three months after project effectiveness, and the\nexternal auditor is expected to be engaged within six months after project effectiveness. The World Bank makes\npublicly available the borrower\u2019s audited annual financial statements for all investment operations. According to\nthe WB disclosure policy, the PMU will ensure that the yearly project audit report is made public in a manner\nsatisfactory to the World Bank.\n\nn. _Flow of information_ : PMU will be responsible for preparing periodic reports on project implementation progress\n\nand on both physical and financial achievements. These reports will be based on project activity progress (by\ncomponent and expenditure category), including technical and physical information reported on a quarterly basis.\nThe PMU will maintain the project bookkeeping and will produce annual PFSs and quarterly IFRs.\n\n\n_o._ _Summary of actions to be implemented:_\n\n\n**Table A1.1. Financial Management Actions**\n\n|Actions|Deadline|\n|---|---|\n|<br>Hire technical audit(s) <br>|<br>Condition for disbursement of funds for COVID-19 vaccines<br>and COVID-19 hospitalization fees <br>|\n|Prepare FM chapter of the POM<br>|<br>1 month from effectiveness<br>|\n|<br>Acquire accounting software<br>|<br>1 month from effectiveness<br>|\n|<br>Hire an independent external auditor<br>|<br>6 months from effectiveness|\n\n\n\np. _Disbursement:_ The funds will be disbursed according to the World Bank guidelines and should be used to finance\n\nproject activities. The proceeds of the project will be disbursed in accordance with the traditional disbursement\nprocedures of the World Bank and will be used to finance", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.10054903477430344, "start": 827, "end": 849, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:161", "surface": "IFRs", "ctx": "bursement:_ The funds will be disbursed according to the World Bank guidelines and should be used to finance\n\nproject activities. The proceeds of the project will be disbursed in accordance with the traditional disbursement\nprocedures of the World Bank and will be used to finance activities through the disbursement procedures\ncurrently used: i.e., Advances and Reimbursement accompanied by appropriate supporting documentation (SOEs)\nin accordance with the procedures described in the Disbursement and Financial Information Letter and the World\nBank's \"Disbursement Guidelines\". The ceiling of the project account pooled for the IBRD and GCFF funds is set at\nUS$ 5.00 million. The ceiling of the project account for the grant funds from GPG solutions is US$ 450,000. The\nIFRs and the PFS will be used as a financial reporting mechanism and not for disbursement purposes. The minimum\napplication size for reimbursement is US$100,000.\n\n_q._ _Allocation of the Project\u2019s Proceeds:_\n\n\n**For the non-concessional portion of the Loan and the concessional portion from GCFF:**\n\n\nPage 52 of 54", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.17888905107975006, "start": 803, "end": 805, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:162", "surface": "PFS", "ctx": "bursement:_ The funds will be disbursed according to the World Bank guidelines and should be used to finance\n\nproject activities. The proceeds of the project will be disbursed in accordance with the traditional disbursement\nprocedures of the World Bank and will be used to finance activities through the disbursement procedures\ncurrently used: i.e., Advances and Reimbursement accompanied by appropriate supporting documentation (SOEs)\nin accordance with the procedures described in the Disbursement and Financial Information Letter and the World\nBank's \"Disbursement Guidelines\". The ceiling of the project account pooled for the IBRD and GCFF funds is set at\nUS$ 5.00 million. The ceiling of the project account for the grant funds from GPG solutions is US$ 450,000. The\nIFRs and the PFS will be used as a financial reporting mechanism and not for disbursement purposes. The minimum\napplication size for reimbursement is US$100,000.\n\n_q._ _Allocation of the Project\u2019s Proceeds:_\n\n\n**For the non-concessional portion of the Loan and the concessional portion from GCFF:**\n\n\nPage 52 of 54", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.22379432618618011, "start": 818, "end": 827, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:163", "surface": "World Bank Data", "ctx": "sup>4</sup> . As of 2018, most Ugandans \u2013 76\npercent <sup>5</sup>     - live in rural areas and work in the agricultural sector, which accounts for 70 percent <sup>6</sup> of total\nemployment (75 percent of all women in the labor force) and around a quarter of the country\u2019s gross\n\n\n1 Uganda Economic Update, Strengthening Social Protection to Reduce Vulnerability and Promote Inclusive Growth, 2020.\nWorld Bank.\n2 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population\nProspects: The 2015 Revision\n3 Uganda Economic Update, Strengthening Social Protection to Reduce Vulnerability and Promote Inclusive Growth, 2020.\nWorld Bank.\n4 The Uganda Poverty Assessment Report 2016. Washington, DC: World Bank.\nhttp://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/381951474255092375/pdf/Uganda-Poverty-Assessment-Report-2016.pdf\n5 World Bank Data\n6 World Bank Data\n\n\nJan 15, 2021 Page 3 of 26", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06952871382236481, "start": 911, "end": 922, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:164", "surface": "World Bank Data", "ctx": "sup>4</sup> . As of 2018, most Ugandans \u2013 76\npercent <sup>5</sup>     - live in rural areas and work in the agricultural sector, which accounts for 70 percent <sup>6</sup> of total\nemployment (75 percent of all women in the labor force) and around a quarter of the country\u2019s gross\n\n\n1 Uganda Economic Update, Strengthening Social Protection to Reduce Vulnerability and Promote Inclusive Growth, 2020.\nWorld Bank.\n2 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population\nProspects: The 2015 Revision\n3 Uganda Economic Update, Strengthening Social Protection to Reduce Vulnerability and Promote Inclusive Growth, 2020.\nWorld Bank.\n4 The Uganda Poverty Assessment Report 2016. Washington, DC: World Bank.\nhttp://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/381951474255092375/pdf/Uganda-Poverty-Assessment-Report-2016.pdf\n5 World Bank Data\n6 World Bank Data\n\n\nJan 15, 2021 Page 3 of 26", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 926, "end": 928, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:165", "surface": "2020 Uganda Digital\nEconomy for Africa", "ctx": " thus crucial to enhance self-reliance, but only 8\npercent of refugees have received some type of skills or job training. <sup>18</sup> For refugees and RHD, digital\nsupport can facilitate self-reliance and promote Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) solutions\nto foster a post-COVID-19 recovery. <sup>19</sup>\n**B. Sectoral and Institutional Context**\n\n**5.** **Digital represents one of the fastest growing sectors in Uganda, with positive spill-over effects on**\n**other sectors of the economy, the combination of which can play a key role in a post-COVID-19**\n**recovery.** Although the ICT sector\u2019s contribution to the country\u2019s GDP has considerably increased, it\nremains minimal at 2 percent in 2019, according to the World Bank Group (WBG)\u2019s 2020 Uganda Digital\nEconomy for Africa (DE4A) report. <sup>20</sup> This growth is driven by: i) a series of conducive Government\npolicies, such as the <mark>increased investment by the Government and private sector in fiber</mark>\n<mark>infrastructure,</mark> <sup>21</sup> and ii) significant uptake of mobile phone subscribers. Recent analysis by the World Bank\n(WB) Africa Chief Economist\u2019s Office finds that closing the digital infrastructure gap in the East and\nSouthern Africa region could result in 1.5 percent-point increase in economic growth per capita. If\ncomplemented by expansion in human capital development, the growth effect could increase to 3.87\npercent points.\n\n\n13 Uganda Economic Update, Strengthening Social Protection to Reduce Vulnerability and Promote Inclusive Growth, 2020.\nWorld Bank.\n14 UNHCR and GoU, Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal, November 2020,\nhttps://", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3332730829715729, "start": 810, "end": 849, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:166", "surface": "Findex data", "ctx": " in the PAD).\n\n\n**7.** **The substantial increase in mobile phone ownership is laying the foundation for Uganda\u2019s digital**\n**transformation and enabling the rapid take-up of digital services.** The country counts approximately 27\nmillion mobile subscriptions, which is a penetration rate of 69.2 percent of the population <sup>23</sup>, although\nphone ownership rates are higher among urban residents compared to rural residents. <sup>24</sup> A Gender gap\nalso persists. Only 53.7 percent of women own phones compared with 74.5 percent of men. In addition,\nwomen account for the largest share (66 percent) of people who do not use mobile phones. <sup>25</sup> The\ntelecommunications market includes two major private operators (MTN and Airtel) that control market\nshares (in terms of mobile subscriptions) at 37 percent and 45 percent respectively, and other mobile\noperators, such as Uganda Telecom and Africell, with market shares below 10 percent each. <sup>26</sup> The\nincreased access to mobile phones and mobile services in Uganda has enabled the take-up of related\nservices such as mobile banking, demonstrated by the latest available 2017 Global Findex data of 50\npercent of adults owning mobile money accounts in Uganda. <sup>27</sup> The take-up of mobile services has also\nincreased women\u2019s rates of financial inclusion over time.\n\n\n**8.** **The digital divide persists in Uganda.** The gaps characterized by gender, geography, refugee status,\npeople with disabilities and income levels undermine the transformative potential of digital services while\nexcluding the most vulnerable from the associated benefits. Only 16 percent of the total number of mobile\nphone users have smartphones. <sup>28</sup> Geographically, the wide gap between the 19", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.44612377882003784, "start": 1222, "end": 1232, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:167", "surface": "survey by Research ICT Africa", "ctx": "sup>, in contrast with the UN Broadband Commission\u2019s target of 2 percent,\nmaking it prohibitively expensive for many Ugandans. Based on a survey by Research ICT Africa in 2018 <sup>34</sup>,\nInternet use among individuals earning more than US$ 1,000 per month is very high (almost 100 percent),\nbut it drops significantly in lower income brackets: among people earning less than US$ 100 per month,\nonly 11 percent use the Internet <sup>35</sup> . Affordability of mobile devices also appears to be a key barrier: 89\npercent of respondents of a NITA-U survey who do not own a mobile phone cite its cost as the main\nbarrier. <sup>36</sup>\n\n\n**10.** **Network coverage is another serious constraint to higher adoption of mobile broadband, with sharp**\n**regional disparities.** While more than 95 percent of the population is covered by mobile telephony\nnetworks (2G), mobile broadband (3G and 4G) geographic coverage is only at 50 percent, with sharp\nregional disparities, particularly between the Northern and Western regions (which host most refugees)\nand the Central region. <sup>37</sup> For instance, the geographic coverage for mobile telephony is still low at 44\npercent as of 2018. <sup>38</sup> As a result of limited broadband access, the use of the Internet by enterprises and\nthe public sector remains very low. The quality of service also remains problematic: according to Ookla <sup>39</sup>,\nmobile download speeds in Uganda ranked only 115 <sup>th</sup> in the world (June 2019).\n\n\n**11.** **The situation among the refugee population is even more dire.** To-date, 68", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9118096828460693, "start": 145, "end": 170, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:168", "surface": "NITA-U survey", "ctx": "sup>, in contrast with the UN Broadband Commission\u2019s target of 2 percent,\nmaking it prohibitively expensive for many Ugandans. Based on a survey by Research ICT Africa in 2018 <sup>34</sup>,\nInternet use among individuals earning more than US$ 1,000 per month is very high (almost 100 percent),\nbut it drops significantly in lower income brackets: among people earning less than US$ 100 per month,\nonly 11 percent use the Internet <sup>35</sup> . Affordability of mobile devices also appears to be a key barrier: 89\npercent of respondents of a NITA-U survey who do not own a mobile phone cite its cost as the main\nbarrier. <sup>36</sup>\n\n\n**10.** **Network coverage is another serious constraint to higher adoption of mobile broadband, with sharp**\n**regional disparities.** While more than 95 percent of the population is covered by mobile telephony\nnetworks (2G), mobile broadband (3G and 4G) geographic coverage is only at 50 percent, with sharp\nregional disparities, particularly between the Northern and Western regions (which host most refugees)\nand the Central region. <sup>37</sup> For instance, the geographic coverage for mobile telephony is still low at 44\npercent as of 2018. <sup>38</sup> As a result of limited broadband access, the use of the Internet by enterprises and\nthe public sector remains very low. The quality of service also remains problematic: according to Ookla <sup>39</sup>,\nmobile download speeds in Uganda ranked only 115 <sup>th</sup> in the world (June 2019).\n\n\n**11.** **The situation among the refugee population is even more dire.** To-date, 68", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.0816132202744484, "start": 569, "end": 574, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:169", "surface": "household surveys", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Digital Acceleration Program (P171305)\n\n\na smart-phone. <sup>41</sup> Furthermore, only 24 percent of refugees in the camp have used the Internet and 17\npercent are active Internet users. <sup>42</sup> For 73 percent, the cost of an Internet-enabled device is a key\nbarrier. <sup>43</sup> Consequently, refugees struggle to contact relatives, get timely market or business development\ninformation, access digital financial services, use digital learning options and use Internet for other\nproductive purposes. Many also face challenges meeting identity documentation requirements,\nespecially in the context of registering for a SIM card. COVID-19 has affected refugee livelihoods and\nincreased income insecurity, sexual and gender-based violence and anxiety. Women are more direly\naffected. Based on household surveys with over 1,500 refugees in Kampala and the settlements as well as\ninterviews with 185 key informants, UNHCR and UN Women found that household income loss has\ncontributed to an increased incidence of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and negative coping mechanisms\nsuch as survival sex and sale of alcohol. 53% of girls and 46% of women aged 18-24 years reported an\nadditional unpaid work burden, with school closures also affecting their ability to access learning\nopportunities <sup>44</sup> . Limited connectivity also hampers humanitarian actors like the World Food Programme\n(WFP) from providing cash-based solutions through mobile finance and increasing the efficiency of aid to\nrefugees. Access to digital connectivity can enable refugees and their communities to access accurate and\nrelevant information in appropriate languages, access business opportunities, and communicate with\ntheir families and host communities. As such, the Uganda Digital Acceleration Project (UDAP) will be laying\nan important foundation needed to enable digital services delivery from key development actors serving\nrefugees and RHDs. COVID-19 pressures have further", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.567101776599884, "start": 884, "end": 899, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:170", "surface": "survey conducted by\nUNEP in 2017", "ctx": " communicate with\ntheir families and host communities. As such, the Uganda Digital Acceleration Project (UDAP) will be laying\nan important foundation needed to enable digital services delivery from key development actors serving\nrefugees and RHDs. COVID-19 pressures have further highlighted the impact of this digital divide on\nrefugees. The need for information on fluctuating market prices, accessing mobile learning platforms, and\nsupporting MSMEs with information, finance and learning support have all increased within refugee\nsettlements which have seen periodic lock downs.\n\n\n**12.** **The growing amount of e-waste also presents challenges to the ICT sector.** A survey conducted by\nUNEP in 2017 <sup>45</sup> demonstrate that the amount and flow of e-waste is rising fast with the estimated stock\nof e-waste at 1,900 MT. It has an estimated annual growth of 25,000 tons. A recent study has projected\nthat between 2018 and 2022, there will be an average of 4,500 tons per year of e-waste generated from\ncommunications end user equipment only (phones, televisions, computers and radios). <sup>46</sup>\n\n**13.** **Uganda has put in place the legal, policy, strategic and technical foundations for cybersecurity**\n**resilience and is optimizing them, while shifting focus to next-stage good practices in governance,**\n**capacity building and steady-state sustainability.** With an increasing number of digital platforms\nand services being rolled out by Uganda\u2019s public and private sectors and investments made into\nnetworks and applications, Uganda has prioritized the strengthening of its cybersecurity, information\nsecurity and data protection frameworks. In 2018, cyber-attacks cost the Ugandan economy an\nestimated US$52 million, up from US$42 million in 2017 and US$35 million in 2016. The most\naffected sectors are the Government sector,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.22209085524082184, "start": 719, "end": 755, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:171", "surface": "Global Cybersecurity Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Digital Acceleration Program (P171305)\n\n\nmicrofinance and banking service providers, with 96 percent of cyberattacks being unreported or\nunresolved. As a legislative framework, the government has enacted a suite of laws that include the\nComputer Misuse Act 2011, the Electronic Signatures Act 2011 and the Electronic Transactions Act\n2011. A review of the existing cybersecurity and cybercrime legislation and an update to the\nCybersecurity Strategy are being supported under currently active RCIP-5 project and the\ngovernment has stated its intentions to accede to the Council of Europe\u2019s Budapest convention on\ncybercrime. The Digital Uganda Vision of 2019, the National Information Security Framework (NISF)\nof 2014 and the National Information Security Strategy (NISS) of 2011 round out the strategic and\npolicy foundations for cybersecurity. To handle incidents and attacks, Uganda has both a national\nComputer Emergency Response Team (CERT) at NITA-U and a Communications Sector CERT at UCC.\nThe country has benefitted from two in-depth cybersecurity diagnostics: a Cybersecurity Maturity\nModel (CMM) assessment was undertaken in 2016 and updated in 2020; the emanating\nrecommendations, for instance on capacity building and awareness raising are reflected in the\npresent project\u2019s design. Uganda was nominated as the regional lead on Cybersecurity under the\nEast African Northern Corridor Infrastructure Project Regional MoU. In 2018, Uganda ranked 7 <sup>th</sup> in\nAfrica in the ITU\u2019s Global Cybersecurity Index, and 65 <sup>th</sup> globally. <sup>47</sup> The country\u2019s next challenges for\ncybersecurity are therefore to expand technical capacity, implement best practice governance and\nmove towards effective, steady-state implementation and sustainability.\n\n\n**14.** **In the area of Data Protection, Uganda is in the early stages of operationalizing a recently**\n**adopted Data Protection law.** The landmark Data Protection Act was passed in 2019", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.12208078056573868, "start": 1666, "end": 1695, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:172", "surface": "2020 UN e-Government Development Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Digital Acceleration Program (P171305)\n\n\nview to increase competition and lower prices for broadband connectivity and digital services. It has also\nsupported the expansion of the national fiber optic backbone infrastructure and connected government\nfacilities to high-speed broadband. Finally, RCIP-5 has helped improve the GoU\u2019s ability to deliver services\nto its citizens through putting in place shared e-Government infrastructure, digital platforms, and shared\nservices. The project\u2019s main implementing agency is also the National Information Technology AuthorityUganda (NITA-U) \u2013 an autonomous statutory body with the authority to coordinate and regulate\nInformation Technology services in Uganda. UDAP is a continuation of RCIP-5; take up of services will\naccelerate as MDAs are progressively being connected and reach secondary MDAs.\n\n\n**16.** **The GoU\u2019s ability to deliver public services digitally has improved in recent years, helped by**\n**investments in shared IT facilities and service delivery platforms.** Uganda is ranked 137 out of 193\ncountries on the 2020 UN e-Government Development Index <sup>49</sup>, up from 156 five years ago. The\ninvestments made through RCIP-5, including in government cloud-based data centers, data exchange and\nintegration platform, SMS and e-payment gateways as well as in digital authentication services have\nplayed a key role in the improved ranking. To-date, over 80 sectoral e-services have been introduced, in\ncollaboration with a variety of Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs). However, much remains to\nbe done to improve the efficiency and the speed of introducing new services.\n\n\n**17.** **Steps to strengthen the ICT sector by policy and regulatory reforms have been implemented.** For\nexample, the 2018 National Broadband Policy and the recent Data Protection Act approved in February\n2019 aim to", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.18233798444271088, "start": 1174, "end": 1215, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:173", "surface": "2020 UN e-Government Development Index", "ctx": " introducing new services.\n\n\n**17.** **Steps to strengthen the ICT sector by policy and regulatory reforms have been implemented.** For\nexample, the 2018 National Broadband Policy and the recent Data Protection Act approved in February\n2019 aim to build trust and provide a stronger policy direction for achieving universal Internet access in\nthe country. Looking ahead, the GoU is finalizing the Digital Uganda Vision (DUV), setting an overarching\nframework and direction for national ICT policies and utilization of digital services to advance inclusion,\nsustainable development, and poverty eradication. In addition to the DUV, the Government is finalizing\nits Digital Transformation Program (DTP), one of the 18 key programs under the NDP III. The DTP aims to\nincrease ICT penetration and use of ICT services for social and economic development and is expected to\ncontribute to a) increasing ICT penetration; b) reducing cost of ICT devices and services; c) creating more\ndirect jobs in the sector; d) increasing ICT incubation; and e) increasing government services online.\n\n\n**C. Proposed Development Objective(s)**\n\n\n**PDO Statement**\n\n\nThe Project Development Objectives are to (a) expand access to high-speed internet in selected areas, (b)\nimprove efficiency of digital service delivery in selected public sectors and (c) strengthen the digital\ninclusion of selected host communities and refugees.\n\n\n49 2020 UN e-Government Development Index\n\n\nJan 15, 2021 Page 10 of 26", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1481, "end": 1481, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:174", "surface": "RDNA", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nBeirut Critical Environment Recovery, Restoration and Waste Management Program (P176635)\n\n\nurgent action as identified in the RDNA. Lack of containment is also likely cause for site contamination and an\nadditional challenge for port restoration planning.\n\n9. **The institutional responsibility to address these impacts and overall environment management in Lebanon rests**\n**with the Ministry of Environment (MoE).** However, significant weaknesses exist both in terms of technical\ncapacity and with the overall regulatory framework in the country. While there are regulations for handling,\nstorage, and management of hazardous waste (Decree No. 5606 of 2019) and health care waste management\n(Decree No. 13389 of 2004), the capacity of MoE to enforce and monitor implementation of these regulations is\nweak. In addition, there are no specific regulations for the management of chemical substances and stockpiles in\nLebanon, which is regarded as an important factor for the disaster at PoB.\n\n10. **Infrastructure for the treatment and disposal of hazardous and chemical waste is absent in Lebanon, which is**\n**critical for the management of waste generated due to the explosion.** While the country has limited capacity for\nthe collection and temporary storage of hazardous waste, there are no facilities for their treatment or final\ndisposal. As a consequence, hazardous materials including electronic waste is mixed with municipal solid waste\nand disposed in the existing municipal solid waste facilities. Development of adequate facilities is essential for the\nmanagement of hazardous waste generated due to PoB explosion, as well as for the overall needs of Lebanon. In\ncase of healthcare waste, infectious waste is adequately treated at dedicated treatment facilities and segregated\ncytotoxic waste is being shipped abroad under the Basel Convention requirements <mark>on the Control of</mark>\n<mark>Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (1992)</mark> <sup>5</sup>", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07188805192708969, "start": 156, "end": 158, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:175", "surface": "high frequency phone survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda: Investment for Industrial Transformation and Employment (P171607)\n\n\nGDP grew at 3.1 percent in FY20, less than half the 6.8 percent recorded in FY19, due to the effects of the COVID-19\ncrisis and is expected to grow at a similar level in FY21. Economic activity stalled during the latter part of the fiscal year\ndue to a domestic lockdown that lasted over four months, border closures for everything but essential cargo, and the\nspillover effects of disruption in global demand and supply chains due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in a sharp\ncontraction in public investment and deceleration in private consumption, which hit the industrial and certain service sectors\nparticularly hard. On a calendar year basis, real GDP growth is unlikely to exceed 1 percent during 2020, compared to 6.7\npercent in 2019, and, as a result, real per capita GDP growth is expected to contract by about 2.5 percent. Even if the GDP\ngrowth rebounds strongly by 2022, the level of per capita GDP is likely to remain well below its pre-COVID trajectory. <sup>1</sup>\n\n\nSectoral and Institutional Context\n\n**COVID-19 is a significant threat to emerging economic transformation in Uganda and puts prospects of new jobs**\n**in danger.** Data from the June 2020 <sup>2</sup> Uganda Bureau of Statistics high frequency phone survey on the impact of the\nCOVID-19 pandemic, shows that the following sectors lost the highest number of workers: services 43 percent, commerce\n43 percent and transport 39 percent. It is expected that the hardest-hit firms will be exporters to international markets,\nmanufacturing companies and start-ups. The floriculture industry, for example, which employs over 10,000\npeople, is facing severe disruptions in its supply chains as air cargo companies have suspended flights, but similar", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.11839203536510468, "start": 1394, "end": 1420, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:176", "surface": "Facebook Future of Business Survey", "ctx": "hit firms will be exporters to international markets,\nmanufacturing companies and start-ups. The floriculture industry, for example, which employs over 10,000\npeople, is facing severe disruptions in its supply chains as air cargo companies have suspended flights, but similar\ndisruptions will also arise due to cancelation of orders, closures of restaurants, coffee shops, etc. Restarting or continuing\neconomic transformation will require the provision of new loans and products in the market, leaner more efficient firms\nand rapid adaptation to new market conditions, and the capacity to identify new markets and sources of\ndemand, particularly for new and exporting firms. This is consistent with the WBG\u2019s economic response is to promote\nsustainable business growth and job creation by assisting countries to help firms survive the initial crisis shock, restructure,\nand become more resilient in the recovery <sup>3</sup> .\n\n**MSMEs in Uganda face severe liquidity constraints caused by the sharp drop in demand due to the COVID-19**\n**crisis.** This may be especially true for firms owned by women as they tend to be less profitable <sup>4</sup>, so have less room for\nabsorbing such shocks, and may be disproportionately impacted in their operations by the pandemic because of their higher\nconcentration in consumer-facing sectors and the greater share of responsibility for looking after children and sick\nhousehold members that tends to fall on women. Indeed, emerging data collected from several countries in the region\n(including Uganda) in the Facebook Future of Business Survey shows that women\u2019s businesses have been significantly\nmore likely to be temporarily closed during the pandemic <sup>5</sup> . Recognizing the pressure on Micro Small and Medium\nEnterprises (MSMEs) liquidity, the Bank of Uganda (BoU) has encouraged banks to provide moratoria on their loans to\ntheir liquidity-constrained borrowers for up to 12 months. The BoU also took", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.16066113114356995, "start": 1659, "end": 1691, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:177", "surface": "World Bank 20172019 data", "ctx": " world over due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and\nUganda will likely be adversely impacted by this. <sup>10</sup> .\n\n\n**C. Proposed Development Objective(s)**\n\nDevelopment Objective(s) (From PAD)\n\nTo mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on private sector investment and employment and to support new economic\nopportunities including in refugee and hosting communities.\n\n\nKey Results\n\n\nThe project will measure the mitigation of the COVID-19 impact by tracking a) the number of all firms benefiting\nfrom private sector initiatives; b) the percentage of jobs saved that would otherwise have been permanently lost\ndue to COVID-19 <sup>11</sup> . The project will measure new ecnomic opportunities created by the project by tracking a) the\nvalue of private investment in manufacturing sectors; and b) the number of new loans issued to firms in\nmanufacturing sectors; and c) the number of formally employed in manufacturing sectors. The project will measure\nthe impact in refugee and hosting communities by tracking a) the number of firms in refugee and host community\ndistricts benefiting from private sector initiatives; b) the number of refugees accessing income-earning\nopportunities (i.e. wage employment, self-employment, micro enterprise) resulting from project interventions.\n\n\n7 The financial sector in Uganda is divided into four tiers. Tier 1-3 are regulated and supervised by Bank of Uganda and tier 4 is\nregulated by Uganda Microfinance Regulatory Authority.\n8 See Uganda -Policy, Regulator, Supervisory response to COVID-19 responses for Micro Finance, CGAP.\n9 See Uganda -Policy, Regulator, Supervisory response to COVID-19 responses for Micro Finance, CGAP.\n10 Uganda remittances were US$1.3 billion in 2019, US$1.425 billion in 2018 and US$1.2 billion in 2017, World Bank 20172019 data.\n11 The Economic Policy Research Centre conducted a rapid survey", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1854, "end": 1854, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:178", "surface": "rapid survey of businesses", "ctx": " CGAP.\n10 Uganda remittances were US$1.3 billion in 2019, US$1.425 billion in 2018 and US$1.2 billion in 2017, World Bank 20172019 data.\n11 The Economic Policy Research Centre conducted a rapid survey of businesses which indicated that three-quarters of businesses\nhave laid off employees due to the risks and subsequent containment measures presented by COVID-19, and estimated that 3.8\nmillion workers would lose their jobs permanently while 625,957 workers risk losing their jobs permanently, if the threat of\nCOVID and associated containment measures persist for the next six months.\n\n\nJun 09, 2020 Page 5 of 9", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.688687801361084, "start": 194, "end": 220, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:179", "surface": "information database", "ctx": "prolonged destruction and devastation caused by the civil war and prolonged conflict. The system\nfaced major bottlenecks, both technical and institutional in nature as well as large gaps and\nweaknesses in the quality of data. Even when data exists, they are not shared and are not conducive\nto policy analysis and evidence based decision making. As a result, the SMP concluded among\nother things, that there is a need to strengthen the capacities of the line ministries to provide better\ndata for informed policy on the key economic and poverty analysis issues by improving the\ninformation database and the staff analytical skills.\n\nToday, the weak statistical system continues to persist, both at the central level as well as at sector\nministries\u27a2\u2768 level. The Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) is no exception. The MoPH statistical\nsystem has limited capacity to generate adequate flow of data to support decision making towards\nachieving equity and efficiency in the health sector, largely due to lack of personnel and a\nfragmented information system. As such, the MoPH is requesting Bank\u27a2\u2768 s assistance to\nstrengthen the capacity of the Statistics Department (SD) by putting in place an effective and\nefficient statistical system that will foster evidence-based policy making and effective monitoring of\nthe health sector.\n\n\n**Relationship to CAS/CPS/CPF**\nData availability and access to information were identified in the 2015 SCD as foundational\nconstraints that impact evidence-based policy, and stands in the way of an informed population in\nLebanon. The SCD identifies deficiencies in the timeliness of data, its reliability due to weak overall\nstatistical capacity, and inadequate data coverage in key areas such as poverty, income distribution,\nand economic measurements. The SCD further defines data availability as one of the cross-cutting\nareas for the program.\n\nConsequently, the Lebanon CPF (FY2016-2021) recognizes the need for strengthening data\ncollection and analysis to improve the debate on policy reforms. Accordingly, the objectives of the\nCPF are underpinned by the cross-cutting theme of governance", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.04453837499022484, "start": 624, "end": 643, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:180", "surface": "Maternal Neonatal Mortality Notification System", "ctx": "\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 List of key performance indicators (KPIs) identified including metrics of disease burden,\nequity and efficiency of health sector, as well as health financing and economic metrics. The KPI\nand\nhealth metrics will be constructed using internationally accepted best practice\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 National Health Accounts (NHA) analysis and report finalized\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Improved capacity of SD staff in in the areas of statistical analysis, health policy analysis\nand formulation, and National Health Accounts\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 An ICT system for ensuring interoperability of the existing databases\n\n\n**III.** **Preliminary Description**\n\n**Concept Description**\nProposed Activities:\n\nThe MoPH recognizes that data and information management is vital to the success of planned\nreforms to improve the efficiency and access to health services, address equity, and improve\ntransparency and governance in key areas, including hospital and primary health care, morbidity and\nmortality, and health financing. To achieve these objectives, the MoPH collaborated in several\nprojects in the past with several agencies mainly with World Health Organization (WHO) and the\nUnited Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). This included the work on births and deaths\u27a2\u2768 data\ncollection from the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (MOIM) through MOPH district health\noffices; and the Maternal Neonatal Mortality Notification System, which collects data from\nhospitals on maternal and neonatal deaths. Currently, the SD is collaborating with WHO in a major\ninitiative aimed at collecting certificates of death for the Beirut Governorate through the MOIM.\n\nThe proposed program will build on these achievements as well as on past and existing WB projects\nin Lebanon, namely:\n\ni) The Second Emergency Social Protection Implementation Support Project (P111849),\nComponent II: Rationalize Health Sector Expenditures. One of the objectives of this component was\nto improve the efficiency of MOPH hospital expenditures through the Automation of the Billing\nSystem (ABS) and the establishment of a system for performance-based contracting with hospitals.\nii", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6378058195114136, "start": 1462, "end": 1489, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:181", "surface": "WB- CAS Household Survey", "ctx": ": Rationalize Health Sector Expenditures. One of the objectives of this component was\nto improve the efficiency of MOPH hospital expenditures through the Automation of the Billing\nSystem (ABS) and the establishment of a system for performance-based contracting with hospitals.\nii) The Lebanon Emergency Primary Health Care Restoration Project (P152646), which aims\nat strengthening the capacity of the MOH to provide essential services to poor Lebanese most\naffected by the Syrian crisis. An important component of this project is to strengthen the Health\nInformation System (HIS) that comprises of: (i) design of a program database; (ii) development of\nregisters and forms to gather data (enrollment registers, provider data collection forms); (iii)\ndevelopment of the PHC contracting and claims processing system; (iv) collection and analysis of\nprogram indicators; and (v) design of wider monitoring and verification activities.\niii) The WB- CAS Household Survey (2010-2012).\n\nThe proposed program is divided into four main components:\n\nComponent 1: Upgrade the role of the MoPH Statistics Department ($139,500).\n\nIn the absence of a policy unit at the MOPH, and considering the difficulty of introducing a new unit\nto the current MoPH organizational structure, this component aims to assist the MOPH re-define the\nmain role and functions of the SD and lay the ground for an effective and efficient organizational\n\n\nPage 3 of 7", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.07786685228347778, "start": 1017, "end": 1052, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:182", "surface": "maternal and neonatal registry", "ctx": "arrangement whereby the SD will become the institutional home for health policy analysis. The\nfollowing activities will be conducted under this component:\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Re-define the role and functions of the SD, including its role with CAS\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify key stakeholders and coordination mechanisms,\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify the technical skills needed for SD operation, and\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop a staffing plan and retention policy with job descriptions for each position\nComponent 2: Capacity building ($79,000)\n\nThis component aims to build the technical capacity and develop the critical understanding of the\nSD staff in the principles and applications of health statistics and health policy. This will entail\nstrengthening the SD staff skills in economics, statistics, health policy, and epidemiology as well as\nin the use the use of data for health analysis. This capacity building program shall be based on the\nnew role of the SD and the skills\u27a2\u2768 needs of the staff and shall consist of local workshops and\nshort-term training courses. Specific activities under this component shall include basic training in:\n\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 health policy\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 statistical methods and analysis\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 survey and research methods on health accounts (NHA)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 public and household expenditure tracking (such as PER, HHS, budget tracking)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 policy-relevant health and health system research and analyses\n\nComponent 3: System\u27a2\u2768 s development ($107,700)\n\nFor the past decade, the MoPH has been working on several reform programs aimed at\nstrengthening different systems of the health sector. However, databases developed by the different\nprograms are entered and maintained separately. Consequently, managing and maintaining these\nmultiple databases is constrained by fragmentation and absence of uniform data standards and\nclassification. Some of these key databases are; the maternal and neonatal registry, cancer registry,\ncommunicable disease surveillance registry, primary health care information system, and hospital\nutilization and billing system (visa billing system).\n\nThe aim of this component", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 2028, "end": 2045, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:183", "surface": "cancer registry", "ctx": "arrangement whereby the SD will become the institutional home for health policy analysis. The\nfollowing activities will be conducted under this component:\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Re-define the role and functions of the SD, including its role with CAS\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify key stakeholders and coordination mechanisms,\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify the technical skills needed for SD operation, and\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop a staffing plan and retention policy with job descriptions for each position\nComponent 2: Capacity building ($79,000)\n\nThis component aims to build the technical capacity and develop the critical understanding of the\nSD staff in the principles and applications of health statistics and health policy. This will entail\nstrengthening the SD staff skills in economics, statistics, health policy, and epidemiology as well as\nin the use the use of data for health analysis. This capacity building program shall be based on the\nnew role of the SD and the skills\u27a2\u2768 needs of the staff and shall consist of local workshops and\nshort-term training courses. Specific activities under this component shall include basic training in:\n\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 health policy\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 statistical methods and analysis\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 survey and research methods on health accounts (NHA)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 public and household expenditure tracking (such as PER, HHS, budget tracking)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 policy-relevant health and health system research and analyses\n\nComponent 3: System\u27a2\u2768 s development ($107,700)\n\nFor the past decade, the MoPH has been working on several reform programs aimed at\nstrengthening different systems of the health sector. However, databases developed by the different\nprograms are entered and maintained separately. Consequently, managing and maintaining these\nmultiple databases is constrained by fragmentation and absence of uniform data standards and\nclassification. Some of these key databases are; the maternal and neonatal registry, cancer registry,\ncommunicable disease surveillance registry, primary health care information system, and hospital\nutilization and billing system (visa billing system).\n\nThe aim of this component", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 2046, "end": 2046, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:184", "surface": "communicable disease surveillance registry", "ctx": "arrangement whereby the SD will become the institutional home for health policy analysis. The\nfollowing activities will be conducted under this component:\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Re-define the role and functions of the SD, including its role with CAS\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify key stakeholders and coordination mechanisms,\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify the technical skills needed for SD operation, and\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop a staffing plan and retention policy with job descriptions for each position\nComponent 2: Capacity building ($79,000)\n\nThis component aims to build the technical capacity and develop the critical understanding of the\nSD staff in the principles and applications of health statistics and health policy. This will entail\nstrengthening the SD staff skills in economics, statistics, health policy, and epidemiology as well as\nin the use the use of data for health analysis. This capacity building program shall be based on the\nnew role of the SD and the skills\u27a2\u2768 needs of the staff and shall consist of local workshops and\nshort-term training courses. Specific activities under this component shall include basic training in:\n\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 health policy\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 statistical methods and analysis\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 survey and research methods on health accounts (NHA)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 public and household expenditure tracking (such as PER, HHS, budget tracking)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 policy-relevant health and health system research and analyses\n\nComponent 3: System\u27a2\u2768 s development ($107,700)\n\nFor the past decade, the MoPH has been working on several reform programs aimed at\nstrengthening different systems of the health sector. However, databases developed by the different\nprograms are entered and maintained separately. Consequently, managing and maintaining these\nmultiple databases is constrained by fragmentation and absence of uniform data standards and\nclassification. Some of these key databases are; the maternal and neonatal registry, cancer registry,\ncommunicable disease surveillance registry, primary health care information system, and hospital\nutilization and billing system (visa billing system).\n\nThe aim of this component", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 2046, "end": 2046, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:185", "surface": "primary health care information system", "ctx": "arrangement whereby the SD will become the institutional home for health policy analysis. The\nfollowing activities will be conducted under this component:\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Re-define the role and functions of the SD, including its role with CAS\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify key stakeholders and coordination mechanisms,\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify the technical skills needed for SD operation, and\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop a staffing plan and retention policy with job descriptions for each position\nComponent 2: Capacity building ($79,000)\n\nThis component aims to build the technical capacity and develop the critical understanding of the\nSD staff in the principles and applications of health statistics and health policy. This will entail\nstrengthening the SD staff skills in economics, statistics, health policy, and epidemiology as well as\nin the use the use of data for health analysis. This capacity building program shall be based on the\nnew role of the SD and the skills\u27a2\u2768 needs of the staff and shall consist of local workshops and\nshort-term training courses. Specific activities under this component shall include basic training in:\n\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 health policy\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 statistical methods and analysis\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 survey and research methods on health accounts (NHA)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 public and household expenditure tracking (such as PER, HHS, budget tracking)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 policy-relevant health and health system research and analyses\n\nComponent 3: System\u27a2\u2768 s development ($107,700)\n\nFor the past decade, the MoPH has been working on several reform programs aimed at\nstrengthening different systems of the health sector. However, databases developed by the different\nprograms are entered and maintained separately. Consequently, managing and maintaining these\nmultiple databases is constrained by fragmentation and absence of uniform data standards and\nclassification. Some of these key databases are; the maternal and neonatal registry, cancer registry,\ncommunicable disease surveillance registry, primary health care information system, and hospital\nutilization and billing system (visa billing system).\n\nThe aim of this component", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 2046, "end": 2046, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:186", "surface": "hospital\nutilization and billing system", "ctx": "arrangement whereby the SD will become the institutional home for health policy analysis. The\nfollowing activities will be conducted under this component:\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Re-define the role and functions of the SD, including its role with CAS\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify key stakeholders and coordination mechanisms,\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Identify the technical skills needed for SD operation, and\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop a staffing plan and retention policy with job descriptions for each position\nComponent 2: Capacity building ($79,000)\n\nThis component aims to build the technical capacity and develop the critical understanding of the\nSD staff in the principles and applications of health statistics and health policy. This will entail\nstrengthening the SD staff skills in economics, statistics, health policy, and epidemiology as well as\nin the use the use of data for health analysis. This capacity building program shall be based on the\nnew role of the SD and the skills\u27a2\u2768 needs of the staff and shall consist of local workshops and\nshort-term training courses. Specific activities under this component shall include basic training in:\n\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 health policy\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 statistical methods and analysis\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 survey and research methods on health accounts (NHA)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 public and household expenditure tracking (such as PER, HHS, budget tracking)\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 policy-relevant health and health system research and analyses\n\nComponent 3: System\u27a2\u2768 s development ($107,700)\n\nFor the past decade, the MoPH has been working on several reform programs aimed at\nstrengthening different systems of the health sector. However, databases developed by the different\nprograms are entered and maintained separately. Consequently, managing and maintaining these\nmultiple databases is constrained by fragmentation and absence of uniform data standards and\nclassification. Some of these key databases are; the maternal and neonatal registry, cancer registry,\ncommunicable disease surveillance registry, primary health care information system, and hospital\nutilization and billing system (visa billing system).\n\nThe aim of this component", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 2046, "end": 2046, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:187", "surface": "national hospital\nmorbidity and mortality reporting", "ctx": " uniform data standards and\nclassification. Some of these key databases are; the maternal and neonatal registry, cancer registry,\ncommunicable disease surveillance registry, primary health care information system, and hospital\nutilization and billing system (visa billing system).\n\nThe aim of this component is to design a database that will allow for interoperability and serve as a\nmain repository of health sector data ready for analysis and dissemination. The database will not\nonly link the key MoPH databases, but will also pull relevant data from other sources such as CAS\nhousehold surveys (including Demographic and Health survey), NHA, and national hospital\nmorbidity and mortality reporting.\n\nThis component will work on the following activities:\n\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop key performance indicators for assessing the performance of the health sector\nincluding disease burden, efficiency and equity of the health sector, PHC and hospital key\nperformance indicators, health economics indicators, as well as setting a plan to extract and monitor\nthe progress in the health and health-related Sustainable Development Goals indicators\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Design an ICT system for ensuring interoperability of the existing databases including\nunification of patient identification numbers to facilitate statistical analyses for evidence based\ndecision making in the implementation of the national health sector plan\n\n\nPage 4 of 7", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.026748858392238617, "start": 719, "end": 762, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:188", "surface": "Household Surveys", "ctx": "\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Conduct relevant training and dissemination workshops\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop a manual for the indicators metadata and extraction of various indicators by\ndataset.\n\nComponent 4: Institutionalize National Health Accounts ($56,950)\n\nThe escalating financial pressure created by the Syrian crisis, and the resurgence of unprecedented\nconsumption of health goods and services accompanied with unorganized financial flows, has\nbrought to the picture the need for a solid, well established, institutionalized National Health\nAccounts (NHA). The production of NHA surveys are largely linked to Household Surveys (HHS),\nand in the absence of a HHS in the past, all NHA figures are based on projections rather than\nupdated data. A new NHA was conducted in 2012, based on the data from the latest household\nsurvey (2011-2012) conducted by the CAS in collaboration with the World Bank.\nThe purpose of this component is to institutionalize NHA based on the new System of Health\nAccounts (SHA) 2.0. The new systems allows the production of a NHA between two time periods;\nthe actual NHA (t1) data and the year of the study (t2). Specific activities under this component will\ninclude:\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Development of a platform that can extract NHA data from the various public funds based\non the structure of the Health Accounts Production Tool (NHAPT). This platform will be tailored to\nthe specific needs of the different public funds to facilitate the timely collection, tabulation, and\nanalysis of the data for NHA\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Assign trained focal points at each public fund\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Conduct training workshop(s) for the designated focal points on the new system\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Provide on-the-job training and support to the focal points at the public funds for\nimplementation\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Conduct the NHA survey based on the new SHA2.0 and using the NHAPT\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Analyze results\n\u27a2\u2768", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.34684330224990845, "start": 626, "end": 631, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:189", "surface": "household\nsurvey", "ctx": "\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Conduct relevant training and dissemination workshops\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Develop a manual for the indicators metadata and extraction of various indicators by\ndataset.\n\nComponent 4: Institutionalize National Health Accounts ($56,950)\n\nThe escalating financial pressure created by the Syrian crisis, and the resurgence of unprecedented\nconsumption of health goods and services accompanied with unorganized financial flows, has\nbrought to the picture the need for a solid, well established, institutionalized National Health\nAccounts (NHA). The production of NHA surveys are largely linked to Household Surveys (HHS),\nand in the absence of a HHS in the past, all NHA figures are based on projections rather than\nupdated data. A new NHA was conducted in 2012, based on the data from the latest household\nsurvey (2011-2012) conducted by the CAS in collaboration with the World Bank.\nThe purpose of this component is to institutionalize NHA based on the new System of Health\nAccounts (SHA) 2.0. The new systems allows the production of a NHA between two time periods;\nthe actual NHA (t1) data and the year of the study (t2). Specific activities under this component will\ninclude:\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Development of a platform that can extract NHA data from the various public funds based\non the structure of the Health Accounts Production Tool (NHAPT). This platform will be tailored to\nthe specific needs of the different public funds to facilitate the timely collection, tabulation, and\nanalysis of the data for NHA\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Assign trained focal points at each public fund\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Conduct training workshop(s) for the designated focal points on the new system\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Provide on-the-job training and support to the focal points at the public funds for\nimplementation\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Conduct the NHA survey based on the new SHA2.0 and using the NHAPT\n\u27a2\u2768\u00a2 Analyze results\n\u27a2\u2768", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4583457410335541, "start": 851, "end": 860, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:190", "surface": "national surveys", "ctx": "based on its mandate to be the body responsible for conducting national surveys in the country. The\nSD is also involved with CAS in other activities like tracking Millennium Development Goals\n(MDGs), and poverty targeting. In addition, this project will engage with other stakeholders such as\npublic financing agents.\n\nSupervision funds to monitor project implementation has been granted by the CMU. The CMU is\nallocating a total of USD 25, 000 for the next fiscal year, based on the economies of scale that we\nwill be achieved with the missions for the Lebanon Emergency Primary Health Care Restoration\nproject.\n\n|Safeguard Policies that Might Apply Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project|Yes|No|TBD|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project**<br>|**Yes**|**No**|**TBD**|\n|Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01<br>||\u2716||\n|Natural Habitats OP/BP 4.04<br>||\u2716||\n|Forests OP/BP 4.36<br>||\u2716||\n|Pest Management OP 4.09<br>||\u2716||\n|Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11<br>||\u2716||\n|Indigenous Peoples OP/BP 4.10<br>||\u2716||\n|Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12<br>||\u2716||\n|Safety of Dams OP/BP 4.37<br>||\u2716||\n|Projects on International Waterways OP/BP 7.50<br>||\u2716||\n|Projects in Disputed Areas OP/BP 7.60||\u2716||\n\n\n|Financing (in USD M|Million)|Col3|Col4|\n|-", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08728097379207611, "start": 63, "end": 79, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:191", "surface": "2019 Gender Inequality Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Electricity Access Scale-up Project (EASP) (P166685)\n\n\nthe total population live in rural areas and work in the agricultural sector, which accounts for 71 percent of the\ntotal employment and around a quarter of the country\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP) <sup>1</sup> .\n\n2. **The topical issues of gender inequalities and climate impacts also persist in Uganda.** The people,\nenvironment and economy are highly dependent on natural resources and the country is experiencing impacts of\nclimate change. Along with poverty, land degradation, and rapid and unplanned urbanization and with the\nincrease in the spread of vector-borne diseases, these climate risks affect the people and major productive sectors\nin the country, which lack sufficient institutional and community capacities to adapt to climate change impacts.\nGender inequalities are stark with Uganda ranking 131 out of 161 countries in the 2019 Gender Inequality Index <sup>2</sup> .\nPrevalence rates of gender-based violence (GBV) in Uganda are high compared to both global and regional\naverages <sup>3</sup> . The Government of Uganda recognizes GBV as a serious problem and approved a National Policy on\nthe Elimination of GBV in October 2016.\n\n3. **Sustainably hosting refugees from neighboring countries has emerged as an important development**\n**challenge.** Uganda is the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa and the third largest worldwide. By the end of\nFebruary 2020, there were 1.4 million refugees and asylum seekers in Uganda. Most refugees reside in settlements\nlocated in 12 districts (out of 134) across the country and alongside local host communities, mainly in Northern\nUganda and the West Nile <sup>4</sup> . The West Nile sub-region which hosts the majority of refugees is among the poorest\nand most underdeveloped areas of the country. Lack", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1554848551750183, "start": 1002, "end": 1026, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:192", "surface": "World Bank World Development Indicators", "ctx": " and alongside local host communities, mainly in Northern\nUganda and the West Nile <sup>4</sup> . The West Nile sub-region which hosts the majority of refugees is among the poorest\nand most underdeveloped areas of the country. Lack of adequate employment opportunities, health, education,\nand transport infrastructure, as well as increasing land degradation, places increased tension between refugees\nand local hosting communities.\n\n\n4. **COVID 19 could impact long-term development vision that seeks to transform Uganda into a modern**\n**and prosperous country by 2040 (vision 2040)** . The Government of Uganda (GoU) aims to drive economic\ndevelopment through implementation of a series of 6 five-year National Development Plans (NDPs). The current\nNDP III covers 2021-25 and plans for real GDP growth between 4.5 to 7.2 percent. With the advent of COVID-19,\nGDP growth has slowed to 3.1 percent in FY20 compared to an average 6.8 percent in the previous FYs. Even if\nGDP growth rebounds strongly by 2022, the level of per capita GDP is likely to remain well below its pre-COVID\ntrajectory. This unanticipated shock to the economy will also push more Ugandans into poverty adding to the\ncurrent 8.7 million and could reverse the gains in poverty reduction in recent years <sup>5</sup> (Uganda Economic Update,\nWorld Bank, December 2020). The refugee and host communities could also be significantly impacted \u2013 high level\nof price volatility in food products have reduced the purchasing power of cash assistance provided to refugees.\nThe GoU acknowledges the role of energy to \u2018build back better\u2019 from COVID impact and to transition to an\nindustrialized and urbanized economic structure.\n\n\n1 World Bank World Development Indicators (2017).\n2 http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/gender-ine", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1785, "end": 1785, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:193", "surface": "National Electrification\nSurvey Report-2018", "ctx": " 2008 to 4,000 GWh in 2019. On the distribution side,\nUmeme has reduced distribution losses from 38 percent in 2005 to about 16.9 percent in 2019 and increased\nrevenue collections from 80 percent in 2005 to over 99 percent in 2019. In a recent paper on the financial viability\nof 39 utilities in Sub-Saharan African countries, it was found that only two countries (Uganda and Seychelles) had\nfinancially viable utilities operating at full cost recovery, covering both operational and capital expenditures <sup>6</sup> . In\nthe policy and regulatory realm, Uganda is in green zone alongside a number of East African peers as highlighted\nin Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (2019) published by the World Bank <sup>7</sup> .\n\n10. **The off-grid market is one of the most dynamic in East Africa** . According to the National Electrification\nSurvey Report-2018 (UBOS, 2020), 18 percent of the population currently relies on off-grid solar technologies\n\n\n6 Making Power Affordable for Africa and Viable for its Utilities, 2016.\n7 https://rise.esmap.org/\n\n\nFebruary 5, 2021 Page 6 of 17", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1027364432811737, "start": 885, "end": 910, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:194", "surface": "Poverty Maps of Uganda", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Electricity Access Scale-up Project (EASP) (P166685)\n\n\nproviding Tier 1 level access and above. The Uganda Solar Energy Association (USEA) reports over 210 solar\ncompanies operating in the Ugandan market as at end-December 2020, with most sales coming from a few\ninternational companies (for example, Fenix, M-Kopa, Solar Today, Village Power <sup>8</sup> ). These companies sold over\n482,100 off-grid solar products in 2019 and 128,242 off-grid solar products in the first half of 2019, positioning\nUganda as the third largest market in East Africa behind Kenya and Ethiopia.\n\n11. **About 58 percent of the population live without electricity.** The main access deficit is exhibited in rural\nareas, where 80 percent of the population resides and less than 40 percent has access to electricity. As reported\nin the Poverty Maps of Uganda Technical Report (World Bank, November 2019), the districts with the highest\naccess deficits below 10 percent, also correspond to the poorest ones, as visualized in the maps in figure 2. At the\nnational level, Uganda has one of the lowest electricity consumptions per capita in the world, estimated at an\naverage of 80 kWh per year in 2017, which is far below its peers (for example Kenya at 155 kWh per year, Ghana\nat 300 kWh per year). Such trends contribute to Uganda\u2019s \u201cadaptation deficit\u201d, which limits the opportunity of\ncommunities to be resilient to external shocks, including those caused by disease or climate change.\n\n12. **The outcomes in clean cooking are even more dire with about 95 percent of Ugandans using solid**\n**biomass fuels for their meals** . The SDG7 tracking report <sup>9</sup> identified Uganda as one of the 20 largest deficit\ncountries in the population without access to clean", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.26066574454307556, "start": 902, "end": 927, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:195", "surface": "SDG7 tracking report", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda Electricity Access Scale-up Project (EASP) (P166685)\n\n\nproviding Tier 1 level access and above. The Uganda Solar Energy Association (USEA) reports over 210 solar\ncompanies operating in the Ugandan market as at end-December 2020, with most sales coming from a few\ninternational companies (for example, Fenix, M-Kopa, Solar Today, Village Power <sup>8</sup> ). These companies sold over\n482,100 off-grid solar products in 2019 and 128,242 off-grid solar products in the first half of 2019, positioning\nUganda as the third largest market in East Africa behind Kenya and Ethiopia.\n\n11. **About 58 percent of the population live without electricity.** The main access deficit is exhibited in rural\nareas, where 80 percent of the population resides and less than 40 percent has access to electricity. As reported\nin the Poverty Maps of Uganda Technical Report (World Bank, November 2019), the districts with the highest\naccess deficits below 10 percent, also correspond to the poorest ones, as visualized in the maps in figure 2. At the\nnational level, Uganda has one of the lowest electricity consumptions per capita in the world, estimated at an\naverage of 80 kWh per year in 2017, which is far below its peers (for example Kenya at 155 kWh per year, Ghana\nat 300 kWh per year). Such trends contribute to Uganda\u2019s \u201cadaptation deficit\u201d, which limits the opportunity of\ncommunities to be resilient to external shocks, including those caused by disease or climate change.\n\n12. **The outcomes in clean cooking are even more dire with about 95 percent of Ugandans using solid**\n**biomass fuels for their meals** . The SDG7 tracking report <sup>9</sup> identified Uganda as one of the 20 largest deficit\ncountries in the population without access to clean", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5274622440338135, "start": 1748, "end": 1765, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:196", "surface": "ILOSTAT database", "ctx": " of which are perennial such as youth unemployment, which reached 38.9 <sup>1</sup> (more than 700,000 people)\nin 2018, and weak participation of women in the workforce (14.1 percent) <sup>2</sup> . Progress in reducing\nunemployment and increasing labor force participation has also stalled \u2013 exacerbating the urgency posed by\nthe presence of 1.3 million Syrian refugees that started arriving in 2011. While the average proportion of youth\nin the population (aged 15-24 years) in Jordan is around the Arab region\u2019s average of 18.5 percent in 2015,\nthe average youth unemployment rate in Jordan stood at 38.9 percent in 2018, which is far above the regional\nArab average of 27.8 percent.\n\n\n1 Department of Statistics, Jordan (2018)\n2 International Labor Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in April 2019.\n\n\nSep 17, 2019 Page 3 of 12", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08436829596757889, "start": 821, "end": 829, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:197", "surface": "JLMPS 2016 data", "ctx": " is a dearth of economic opportunities among Syrian refugees in Jordan.** There are 660,000\nregistered Syrian refugees in Jordan, according to UNHCR. Only 5 percent of registered Syrian refugee women\nwork while half of registered Syrian refugee men in Jordan work (UNHCR, VAF2017). JLMPS 2016 data\nindicated that 91 percent of those who work are informal. Registered Syrian refugees are concentrated in the\nconstruction (27.3 percent), manufacturing (18.1 percent), and wholesale and retail (19.1 percent) sectors.\n\n\n**Sectoral and Institutional Context**\n\n\n**5.** **By 2020, one in five jobs in the Arab world will require digital skills that are not widely available today.**\nThe future of work for youth, women and refugees in Jordan will be determined by their ability to supply the\nskills demanded in emerging sectors driven by automation and innovation. Existing talents in the market are\nconsidered raw and unprepared for fast growing technologies, which may hinder Jordan\u2019s ability to benefit\nfrom the opportunities offered by disruptive technologies. Only 1,700 out of 8,000 yearly graduates from\ntechnology related disciplines (21 percent) work in their related fields. The Jordanian education system\nremains a credentialist system, in which value is derived from obtaining a particular credential or certificate\nrather than the demand for the skills and knowledge gained. Considering this shift, there is an urgent need to\naddress the shortcomings of the credentialist system by equipping youth with skills that are relevant for the\ndigital economy.\n\n**6.** **The services sector, including the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector, shows**\n**good potential for growth, job creation, and women\u2019s employment in Jordan.** The contribution of the\nservices sector to GDP was 56.1 percent in 2018. The sector grew at 2.3 percent in the last year, generated\nabout 60 percent of the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8960466980934143, "start": 288, "end": 312, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:198", "surface": "World Development Indicators", "ctx": " growth, job creation, and women\u2019s employment in Jordan.** The contribution of the\nservices sector to GDP was 56.1 percent in 2018. The sector grew at 2.3 percent in the last year, generated\nabout 60 percent of the net jobs in the economy in 2017 (total of 53,969 new jobs created in the economy), <sup>5</sup>\nand accounted for 44.5 percent of total Jordanian exports in 2016. The direct contribution of the ICT sector to\nGDP was 12 percent in 2017 and employment in the sector increased from approximately 18,000 employees\nin 2016 to 21,811 in 2018. ICT sector revenues increased from JD677 million in 2017 to JD750 million in 2018,\n\n\n3 The gender analysis in this document has been adapted from \u201cJordan: Improving Women Economic Opportunities - Select Entry Points for\nPolicy Dialogue and Operational Interventions\u201d World Bank (June 2019).\n4 World Development Indicators. Data retrieved June 2019\n5 Excluding public administration.\n\n\nSep 17, 2019 Page 4 of 12", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4862699508666992, "start": 902, "end": 940, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:199", "surface": "2016 Labor Market Study", "ctx": " growth rate to reach $335\nbillion in 2024. <sup>11</sup> Jordan enjoys a unique blend of qualities, making it an attractive destination for BPO/ITO\nservices. Global giants such as Cisco, Expedia, Amazon, Microsoft, Webhelp, Teleperformance, and Oracle\nhave already established operations in Jordan. Local BPO/ITO players such as Aspire, Crystel, and Extensya are\nexperiencing organic growth, <sup>12</sup> targeting global and regional markets. Some of the critical success factors that\nhelp position Jordan as an ideal BPO/ITO destination include availability of affordable technical and nontechnical talents, neutral Arabic speaking dialect, geopolitical stability, good infrastructure, liberalized\ntelecom sector, proximity to key target markets in GCC, and government support. However, critical gaps\nremain such as a mismatch between the workforce and job market requirements, limited domestic market\nand access to export opportunities, and limited access to funding necessary for business development and\nexpansion.\n\n**9.** **Although Jordan is well-known for its growing number of university graduates in computer science,**\n**math and engineering fields, it remains ill-equipped with specialized skills to thrive in a digital economy.**\nThe findings of a 2016 Labor Market Study conducted by the Jordanian ICT Association, Intaj revealed five core\nweaknesses underlying the skills mismatch: (i) an outdated university curriculum, (ii) lack of soft skills, (iii) lack\nof awareness and experience with global technology trends, (iv) little to no practical hands-on experience,\nand (v) brain drain to neighboring countries. A two-pronged approach is required to address the gaps in supply\nof digital skills, (i) a more immediate attention to the stock of youth that is currently in the job market with\npoor employable skills, complemented by (ii) a systematic (and potentially long-term) focus on addressing the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.10416007041931152, "start": 1337, "end": 1377, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:200", "surface": "Labor Force Survey", "ctx": " the gaps in supply\nof digital skills, (i) a more immediate attention to the stock of youth that is currently in the job market with\npoor employable skills, complemented by (ii) a systematic (and potentially long-term) focus on addressing the\nmore foundational issues in the education system to address the flow of unprepared students. Innovative\nrapid skills enhancement models to train a few hundred graduates every year on skills for future jobs have\nbeen piloted by the MoDEE and their preliminary results appear promising. These models represent a nimble\n\n\n6 Int@j sector profile, 2018\n7 Labor Force Survey, 2018 (DoS)\n8 ibid\n9 Country Private Sector Diagnostics (CPSD), IFC/WB 2019\n10 This refers to the process of outsourcing various business processes including IT, finance & accounting, back-office, e-commerce support, and\nother services\n11 Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Services Market Research Report - Global Forecast till 2024 by Market Research Future\n12 Aspire is specialized in ITO services and targets the US market (retains 275 Jordanian employees), Extensya provides contact center support\nto Vodaphone, Saudi Airline, MBC, and others (retains 1700 Jordanian employees in Amman and Irbid), and Crystal provides contact center\nsupport to local and regional clients (retains 1000 Jordanian employees in Amman and Karak).\n\n\nSep 17, 2019 Page 5 of 12", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6489723920822144, "start": 633, "end": 655, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:201", "surface": "COMTRADE", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\n**I.** **STRATEGIC CONTEXT**\n\n\n**A. Country Context**\n\n\n1. **The war in Ukraine has delivered a major shock to global commodity markets** . In 2021, Russia was the\nlargest natural gas-exporting country in the world, and the second-largest crude oil and condensates-exporting\ncountry. Russia and Ukraine together represent between 25 and 30 percent of the global wheat market, while\nRussia (and Belarus) are also major exporters of fertilizers. The disruptions from the conflict (sanctions,\nbreakdowns in supply, etc.) had an immediate impact on global fuel and food prices. Oil prices have increased by\nabout 90 percent compared to March 2021. Wheat prices have increased by 50 percent since early February 2022\nand 80 percent since March 2021, and they are now at an all-time high. The cutoff of exports from Russia and\nUkraine poses an immediate threat to major wheat-consuming countries with high shares of wheat imports from\nRussia and/or Ukraine.\n\n2. **Lebanon is heavily dependent on wheat imports, most of which came from Ukraine and Russia before**\n**the crisis** . A country with limited agronomic potential for wheat production, Lebanon imports about 80 percent\nof all the wheat it consumes. In the years preceding the conflict, Lebanon has been importing about 580 thousand\ntons of wheat annually (2018-2020 average, COMTRADE) for a yearly trade value of US$134 million (2018-2020\naverage, COMTRADE). In 2020, 96 percent of Lebanon\u2019s wheat imports were sourced from Ukraine (80 percent of\ntotal wheat imports), and Russia (16 percent of total wheat imports), respectively.\n\n3. **The conflict comes at a time when Lebanon has been grappling with the direst of shocks**, starting", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.40947848558425903, "start": 1515, "end": 1524, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:202", "surface": "COMTRADE", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\n**I.** **STRATEGIC CONTEXT**\n\n\n**A. Country Context**\n\n\n1. **The war in Ukraine has delivered a major shock to global commodity markets** . In 2021, Russia was the\nlargest natural gas-exporting country in the world, and the second-largest crude oil and condensates-exporting\ncountry. Russia and Ukraine together represent between 25 and 30 percent of the global wheat market, while\nRussia (and Belarus) are also major exporters of fertilizers. The disruptions from the conflict (sanctions,\nbreakdowns in supply, etc.) had an immediate impact on global fuel and food prices. Oil prices have increased by\nabout 90 percent compared to March 2021. Wheat prices have increased by 50 percent since early February 2022\nand 80 percent since March 2021, and they are now at an all-time high. The cutoff of exports from Russia and\nUkraine poses an immediate threat to major wheat-consuming countries with high shares of wheat imports from\nRussia and/or Ukraine.\n\n2. **Lebanon is heavily dependent on wheat imports, most of which came from Ukraine and Russia before**\n**the crisis** . A country with limited agronomic potential for wheat production, Lebanon imports about 80 percent\nof all the wheat it consumes. In the years preceding the conflict, Lebanon has been importing about 580 thousand\ntons of wheat annually (2018-2020 average, COMTRADE) for a yearly trade value of US$134 million (2018-2020\naverage, COMTRADE). In 2020, 96 percent of Lebanon\u2019s wheat imports were sourced from Ukraine (80 percent of\ntotal wheat imports), and Russia (16 percent of total wheat imports), respectively.\n\n3. **The conflict comes at a time when Lebanon has been grappling with the direst of shocks**, starting", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6836425065994263, "start": 1592, "end": 1601, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:203", "surface": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "ctx": " sourced from Ukraine (80 percent of\ntotal wheat imports), and Russia (16 percent of total wheat imports), respectively.\n\n3. **The conflict comes at a time when Lebanon has been grappling with the direst of shocks**, starting with\nthe acute economic and financial crises, compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally the Port of Beirut\nexplosion. In 2019, Lebanon faced an economic and financial crisis due to a stop in capital inflows, which led to\nsystemic failures across the banking sector, debt, and the exchange rate. A shortage of United States (US) dollars\nin the market resulted in multiple exchange rates, as well as informal restrictions and control mechanisms on\ndeposits held in US dollars and on transfers out of the country. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent\nlockdowns exacerbated the situation, directly affecting people\u2019s health, livelihoods, and food security. The Port of\nBeirut explosion in August 2020 had significant negative economic impacts, including the loss of livelihoods,\nplacing further strain on the economy. In the face of these crises, Lebanon\u2019s gross domestic product plummeted\nfrom close to US$52 billion in 2019 to a projected US$21.8 billion in 2021, a 58 percent contraction. Such a\nsignificant and rapid contraction is usually associated with conflicts or wars. The compounding nature of these\nchallenges makes a recovery difficult, with long-term implications for the welfare of Lebanese households.\n\n4. **The crises increased unemployment, further worsening household welfare.** One in five workers has lost\na job since October 2019, while 61 percent of firms surveyed decreased the number of permanent workers by 43\npercent on average (World Bank Enterprise Surveys, 2019\u20132020). Medium-sized and large firms laid off a larger\nnumber of workers: 76 percent of large firms downsized by an average of 37 percent, while 70 percent of mediumsized firms shrank by 43 percent. These numbers cover only formal firms, and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.39134183526039124, "start": 1794, "end": 1813, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:204", "surface": "Lebanon Economic Monitor", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\n5. **Monetary and financial turmoil, along with surging inflation, continue to drive crisis conditions.** The\nexchange rate further deteriorated in 2021, with the US dollar banknote rate depreciating by 211 percent year on\nyear (yoy) over the first 11 months of 2021, repeatedly breaching the LBP 22,000/US$ threshold. This situation\noccurred within a multiple-exchange-rate system that also includes the official rate of LBP 1,507.5/US$, and the\nCentral Bank of Lebanon ( _Banque du Liban_, BdL) administered lower rates. Overall, the World Bank Average\nExchange Rate depreciated by 219 percent yoy over 11 months of 2021. Exchange rate pass-through effects have\nimplied surging inflation, which is estimated to average 150 percent in 2021\u2014 the third highest globally after\nVenezuela and Sudan (Lebanon Economic Monitor [LEM], Fall 2021). After falling to 101 percent yoy by June 2021,\ninflation rose again to 174 percent yoy in October 2021. The surge since June 2021 is linked to the steady removal\nof the foreign exchange subsidy on imported goods and inflation recorded a further spike at 240 percent yoy in\nJanuary 2022.\n\n6. **While the average annual inflation rose to 85 percent in 2020, the average food inflation alone grew by**\n**a record 250 percent over 2019.** Between January 2021 and January 2022, the average yoy inflation rate reached\n157 percent, with a corresponding food inflation rate of 328 percent. Since the removal of foreign exchange\nsubsidies, yoy food inflation has increased sharply, reaching 483 percent in January 2022. This situation has dire\nconsequences for the poor because food consumption forms a larger proportion of household expenses in poorer\nhouseholds. Phone surveys in May and July 2021 found that 46 percent of households reported challenges in\naccessing food and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.37679025530815125, "start": 937, "end": 952, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:205", "surface": "Phone surveys", "ctx": " sharply, reaching 483 percent in January 2022. This situation has dire\nconsequences for the poor because food consumption forms a larger proportion of household expenses in poorer\nhouseholds. Phone surveys in May and July 2021 found that 46 percent of households reported challenges in\naccessing food and other basic needs (World Food Programme, 2021).\n\n7. **Poverty and vulnerability have increased significantly, with severe implications for Lebanon\u2019s human**\n**capital.** The poorest households are most likely to bear the brunt of the economic contraction and rapidly\nincreasing food prices. As household budgets come under increasing strain, the poor are being forced to reduce\ntheir investments in education, skills, and health\u2014aggravating poverty and leaving them vulnerable to future\nshocks. Poverty was already increasing before the crisis, from an estimated 26 percent in 2012 to 37 percent in\n2019. Tentative projections by the World Bank suggest that well over 50 percent of the population likely fell under\nthe national poverty line in 2020 (World Bank, 2021). The 2021 Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) reveals that\nthe multidimensional poverty rate doubled from 39 percent in 2019 to 81 percent <sup>1</sup> . These statistics further\nhighlight the vulnerability of households with young children and the severe challenges that the current crises\npose for their human capital.\n\n8. **Refugees and their host communities are among the most affected by these crises.** Lebanon, a small\ncountry of 5.2 million people (July 2021, estimate), hosts the highest per capita concentration of refugees in the\nworld. The latest Government of Lebanon (GoL) estimates are that the country hosts 1.5 million displaced Syrians,\nalong with 31,502 Palestinian refugees from Syria, and a preexisting population of more than 277,985 Palestinian\nrefugees (LCRP, 2020). This influx has put enormous pressure on the country's already scarce resources, stretched\nits public services, and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.9298040866851807, "start": 199, "end": 209, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:206", "surface": "2021 Multidimensional Poverty Index", "ctx": " sharply, reaching 483 percent in January 2022. This situation has dire\nconsequences for the poor because food consumption forms a larger proportion of household expenses in poorer\nhouseholds. Phone surveys in May and July 2021 found that 46 percent of households reported challenges in\naccessing food and other basic needs (World Food Programme, 2021).\n\n7. **Poverty and vulnerability have increased significantly, with severe implications for Lebanon\u2019s human**\n**capital.** The poorest households are most likely to bear the brunt of the economic contraction and rapidly\nincreasing food prices. As household budgets come under increasing strain, the poor are being forced to reduce\ntheir investments in education, skills, and health\u2014aggravating poverty and leaving them vulnerable to future\nshocks. Poverty was already increasing before the crisis, from an estimated 26 percent in 2012 to 37 percent in\n2019. Tentative projections by the World Bank suggest that well over 50 percent of the population likely fell under\nthe national poverty line in 2020 (World Bank, 2021). The 2021 Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) reveals that\nthe multidimensional poverty rate doubled from 39 percent in 2019 to 81 percent <sup>1</sup> . These statistics further\nhighlight the vulnerability of households with young children and the severe challenges that the current crises\npose for their human capital.\n\n8. **Refugees and their host communities are among the most affected by these crises.** Lebanon, a small\ncountry of 5.2 million people (July 2021, estimate), hosts the highest per capita concentration of refugees in the\nworld. The latest Government of Lebanon (GoL) estimates are that the country hosts 1.5 million displaced Syrians,\nalong with 31,502 Palestinian refugees from Syria, and a preexisting population of more than 277,985 Palestinian\nrefugees (LCRP, 2020). This influx has put enormous pressure on the country's already scarce resources, stretched\nits public services, and", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.514447033405304, "start": 1163, "end": 1183, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:207", "surface": "Economic and Social Impact Assessment", "ctx": "\nalong with 31,502 Palestinian refugees from Syria, and a preexisting population of more than 277,985 Palestinian\nrefugees (LCRP, 2020). This influx has put enormous pressure on the country's already scarce resources, stretched\nits public services, and contributed to rising tensions in a nation vulnerable to conflict and instability. According\nto the Economic and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) carried out by the World Bank <sup>2</sup>, the fiscal costs related to\nthe Syrian crisis have amounted to an estimated US$2.6 billion over 2012-2014.\n\n\n9. **The crises have also reduced women\u2019s ability to generate income and improve their livelihoods.** At 25\n\n\n1 UNESCWA, (2021). Multidimensional poverty in Lebanon. A proposed measurement framework, and an assessment of the\nsocioeconomic crisis.\n2 The World Bank. (2014). Lebanon Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Syrian Crisis.\n\n\nPage 8 of 46", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8812333941459656, "start": 373, "end": 409, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:208", "surface": "Survey data", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\npercent by the end of 2019, female labor force participation in Lebanon is one-third of the male labor force\nparticipation rate. Survey data shows that after the multiple crises affecting Lebanon, the share of job losses\namong women was notably higher than that among men, even though women comprise less than one-third of\nthe total full-time workforce (follow up to 2019 Enterprise Survey, 2020). The crises have impacted women\u2019s\naccess to economic opportunities in different ways; for example, school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic\nhave made it difficult for women to manage work and family care responsibilities, so some have exited from the\neconomy. Furthermore, the lockdowns and closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with the broader\neconomic crisis have exacerbated the risks of violence against women. During the first five months of the\nlockdown, significantly more reports of gender-based violence were captured and recorded by different sources.\nThe Gender-Based Violence Information Management System recorded a 3 percent increase in intimate partner\nviolence by current or former partners; a 5 percent rise in physical assault incidents; and a 9 percent uptick in\nincidents occurring in a survivor\u2019s home (UN Women, 2020).\n\n10. **Recurrent political paralysis and weak governance further complicate recovery.** Lebanon is\ncharacterized by poor governance, with only 4 percent of Lebanese report being satisfied or completely satisfied\nwith their government (Arab Barometer). According to the World Bank\u2019s Lebanon Economic Monitor (LEM, Fall\n2021), elite capture persists despite the severity of the crisis, and it has come to threaten the country\u2019s long-term\nstability and social peace. General elections are scheduled for May 15, 2022. Talks with the International Monetary\nFund (IMF) have been relaunched with a mission in January, February, and March 2022, aiming to develop a\nstabilization", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6840735673904419, "start": 227, "end": 237, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:209", "surface": "2019 Enterprise Survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\npercent by the end of 2019, female labor force participation in Lebanon is one-third of the male labor force\nparticipation rate. Survey data shows that after the multiple crises affecting Lebanon, the share of job losses\namong women was notably higher than that among men, even though women comprise less than one-third of\nthe total full-time workforce (follow up to 2019 Enterprise Survey, 2020). The crises have impacted women\u2019s\naccess to economic opportunities in different ways; for example, school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic\nhave made it difficult for women to manage work and family care responsibilities, so some have exited from the\neconomy. Furthermore, the lockdowns and closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with the broader\neconomic crisis have exacerbated the risks of violence against women. During the first five months of the\nlockdown, significantly more reports of gender-based violence were captured and recorded by different sources.\nThe Gender-Based Violence Information Management System recorded a 3 percent increase in intimate partner\nviolence by current or former partners; a 5 percent rise in physical assault incidents; and a 9 percent uptick in\nincidents occurring in a survivor\u2019s home (UN Women, 2020).\n\n10. **Recurrent political paralysis and weak governance further complicate recovery.** Lebanon is\ncharacterized by poor governance, with only 4 percent of Lebanese report being satisfied or completely satisfied\nwith their government (Arab Barometer). According to the World Bank\u2019s Lebanon Economic Monitor (LEM, Fall\n2021), elite capture persists despite the severity of the crisis, and it has come to threaten the country\u2019s long-term\nstability and social peace. General elections are scheduled for May 15, 2022. Talks with the International Monetary\nFund (IMF) have been relaunched with a mission in January, February, and March 2022, aiming to develop a\nstabilization", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1919649988412857, "start": 482, "end": 502, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:210", "surface": "Gender-Based Violence Information Management System", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\npercent by the end of 2019, female labor force participation in Lebanon is one-third of the male labor force\nparticipation rate. Survey data shows that after the multiple crises affecting Lebanon, the share of job losses\namong women was notably higher than that among men, even though women comprise less than one-third of\nthe total full-time workforce (follow up to 2019 Enterprise Survey, 2020). The crises have impacted women\u2019s\naccess to economic opportunities in different ways; for example, school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic\nhave made it difficult for women to manage work and family care responsibilities, so some have exited from the\neconomy. Furthermore, the lockdowns and closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with the broader\neconomic crisis have exacerbated the risks of violence against women. During the first five months of the\nlockdown, significantly more reports of gender-based violence were captured and recorded by different sources.\nThe Gender-Based Violence Information Management System recorded a 3 percent increase in intimate partner\nviolence by current or former partners; a 5 percent rise in physical assault incidents; and a 9 percent uptick in\nincidents occurring in a survivor\u2019s home (UN Women, 2020).\n\n10. **Recurrent political paralysis and weak governance further complicate recovery.** Lebanon is\ncharacterized by poor governance, with only 4 percent of Lebanese report being satisfied or completely satisfied\nwith their government (Arab Barometer). According to the World Bank\u2019s Lebanon Economic Monitor (LEM, Fall\n2021), elite capture persists despite the severity of the crisis, and it has come to threaten the country\u2019s long-term\nstability and social peace. General elections are scheduled for May 15, 2022. Talks with the International Monetary\nFund (IMF) have been relaunched with a mission in January, February, and March 2022, aiming to develop a\nstabilization", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.22748348116874695, "start": 1141, "end": 1180, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:211", "surface": "Arab Barometer", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\npercent by the end of 2019, female labor force participation in Lebanon is one-third of the male labor force\nparticipation rate. Survey data shows that after the multiple crises affecting Lebanon, the share of job losses\namong women was notably higher than that among men, even though women comprise less than one-third of\nthe total full-time workforce (follow up to 2019 Enterprise Survey, 2020). The crises have impacted women\u2019s\naccess to economic opportunities in different ways; for example, school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic\nhave made it difficult for women to manage work and family care responsibilities, so some have exited from the\neconomy. Furthermore, the lockdowns and closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with the broader\neconomic crisis have exacerbated the risks of violence against women. During the first five months of the\nlockdown, significantly more reports of gender-based violence were captured and recorded by different sources.\nThe Gender-Based Violence Information Management System recorded a 3 percent increase in intimate partner\nviolence by current or former partners; a 5 percent rise in physical assault incidents; and a 9 percent uptick in\nincidents occurring in a survivor\u2019s home (UN Women, 2020).\n\n10. **Recurrent political paralysis and weak governance further complicate recovery.** Lebanon is\ncharacterized by poor governance, with only 4 percent of Lebanese report being satisfied or completely satisfied\nwith their government (Arab Barometer). According to the World Bank\u2019s Lebanon Economic Monitor (LEM, Fall\n2021), elite capture persists despite the severity of the crisis, and it has come to threaten the country\u2019s long-term\nstability and social peace. General elections are scheduled for May 15, 2022. Talks with the International Monetary\nFund (IMF) have been relaunched with a mission in January, February, and March 2022, aiming to develop a\nstabilization", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1929476261138916, "start": 1687, "end": 1699, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:212", "surface": "Lebanon Economic Monitor", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\npercent by the end of 2019, female labor force participation in Lebanon is one-third of the male labor force\nparticipation rate. Survey data shows that after the multiple crises affecting Lebanon, the share of job losses\namong women was notably higher than that among men, even though women comprise less than one-third of\nthe total full-time workforce (follow up to 2019 Enterprise Survey, 2020). The crises have impacted women\u2019s\naccess to economic opportunities in different ways; for example, school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic\nhave made it difficult for women to manage work and family care responsibilities, so some have exited from the\neconomy. Furthermore, the lockdowns and closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with the broader\neconomic crisis have exacerbated the risks of violence against women. During the first five months of the\nlockdown, significantly more reports of gender-based violence were captured and recorded by different sources.\nThe Gender-Based Violence Information Management System recorded a 3 percent increase in intimate partner\nviolence by current or former partners; a 5 percent rise in physical assault incidents; and a 9 percent uptick in\nincidents occurring in a survivor\u2019s home (UN Women, 2020).\n\n10. **Recurrent political paralysis and weak governance further complicate recovery.** Lebanon is\ncharacterized by poor governance, with only 4 percent of Lebanese report being satisfied or completely satisfied\nwith their government (Arab Barometer). According to the World Bank\u2019s Lebanon Economic Monitor (LEM, Fall\n2021), elite capture persists despite the severity of the crisis, and it has come to threaten the country\u2019s long-term\nstability and social peace. General elections are scheduled for May 15, 2022. Talks with the International Monetary\nFund (IMF) have been relaunched with a mission in January, February, and March 2022, aiming to develop a\nstabilization", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1508583128452301, "start": 1722, "end": 1733, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:213", "surface": "yoy consumer price index", "ctx": " country\u2019s long-term\nstability and social peace. General elections are scheduled for May 15, 2022. Talks with the International Monetary\nFund (IMF) have been relaunched with a mission in January, February, and March 2022, aiming to develop a\nstabilization program and secure foreign currency financing. Critical elements of a stabilization program comprise:\na national budget for 2022 and a medium-term fiscal framework, a new monetary policy (starting from the process\nto unify the multiple exchange rates and an audit of the BdL), recognition and distribution of the banking sector\nlosses (LEM Spring 2021, LEM Fall 2021), growth enhancing reforms, and comprehensive, well-targeted social\nprotection programs.\n\n\n**B. Sectoral and Institutional Context**\n\n\n11. **The food security situation continues to deteriorate in Lebanon and has reached alarming levels for**\n**some population groups, particularly refugees.** It is estimated that 34 percent of Lebanese people and 50 percent\nof refugees were food insecure in 2021 (World Food Programme - WFP, 2022). More than half of adults\u201453\npercent\u2014reported that they lacked money for food at some time in the previous 12 months (Loschky, 2021).\nConsumer prices in Lebanon have continued to climb significantly, and the overall yoy consumer price index rose\nby more than 240 percent in January 2022, the largest spike since the onset of Lebanon\u2019s current economic crisis.\nPrices of food and non-alcoholic beverages jumped by 483 percent in January 2022. These represent the biggest\nupticks since the onset of the crises and are an outlier globally.\n\n12. **Bread is an essential staple in the poorest people\u2019s diet.** Bread is the single largest item in the survival\nand minimum expenditure basket (SMEB) in Lebanon, as calculated by the WFP in 2020. Bread needs are\nestimated at 234 grams/person/day, or 632 kcal out of a needed 2,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.445484459400177, "start": 1345, "end": 1368, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:214", "surface": "UNHCR databases", "ctx": " and bread price monitoring system implemented by MOET (yes/no).\n\n\n**B. Project Components**\n\n**Component 1: Financing immediate wheat import needs and maintaining bread access for poor and vulnerable**\n**population groups (US$ 147.5 million)**\n\n\n23. **The component will finance immediate wheat purchases to avoid the disruption of imports in the short term,**\n**and its dire socioeconomic implications** . This way, the project will help manage the immediate supply shock resulting\nfrom the conflict in Ukraine and avoid a collapse of the value chain with catastrophic impacts on the most vulnerable\nhouseholds. This will be done in accordance with the World Bank Policy on Investment Project Financing and its special\nconsiderations for Projects in Situations of Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity Constraints. No retroactive financing\nis foreseen.\n\n\n6 The vulnerable beneficiaries (poor Lebanese population and refugees, respectively) will be drawn and sampled based on the current\nWFP and UNHCR databases, respectively. The indicator will track bread consumption, specifically, rather than food security more broadly;\nthe actual values will be determined through the high frequency surveys foreseen during project implementation.\n7 This is based on an assumed wheat price of US$ 500 per ton.\n\n\nPage 13 of 46", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.12461264431476593, "start": 1086, "end": 1097, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:215", "surface": "combined databases maintained by WFP", "ctx": " wheat, whose involvement is considered\nessential for the project to achieve its objective. The suppliers of wheat are grain trading companies, which are selected\nusually by importers\u2019 brokers, who shop for the most advantageous offers, in terms of price and logistics, for meeting the\nwheat specifications needed. The suppliers usually store the wheat at different locations around the world, and\nsometimes buy from loaded ships in the middle of the sea and mobilize the shipment to Lebanon based on most\nconvenient logistic arrangements.\n\n\n28. **The project will put in place several mechanisms to address diversion, misuse and other risks related to wheat**\n**imports.** The Framework Agreements between MOET and wheat importers will provide critical mitigation measures (such\nas, in exchange of the project support, obligation to deliver wheat in Lebanon, mill the wheat and distribute the flour\nwithin a certain timeframe, etc.). Public oversight capacities will be strengthened under Component 2 (third-party\nmonitoring, strengthening the role of the consumer protection agency under MOET, and strengthening the GM\nmechanisms). Third party monitoring arrangements and technical audit (to be financed through Component 2), such as\nsuperintendents, Red Cross volunteers through the Lebanese Red Cross/International Federation of Red Cross and Red\nCrescent Societies, will be introduced to enhance verification. In addition, small shipment size due to constraints on port\nhandling capacity and small grain storage capacity in the private sector limit commodity hoarding risks and speculative\nresale.\n\n29. **The project will equally focus on safeguarding access to affordable bread for poor and vulnerable households,**\n**including refugees** . Through the activities described under Component 2, the project will monitor the accessibility of\nvulnerable communities to affordable bread based on the available combined databases maintained by WFP (for poor\nLebanese households identified under the National Poverty Targeting Program, NPTP/Emergency Social Safety Net\nProject (ESSN) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). If wheat availability", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5126170516014099, "start": 2057, "end": 2090, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:216", "surface": "monitoring systems and data collection", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\ntargeted support through the social security net mechanisms. Such mechanisms will not be implemented by this project,\nas they are currently foreseen under the World Bank financed ESSN Project (ongoing, and targeting the extreme poor),\nand under the Emergency Broad Coverage Cash Transfer Project (in the pipeline and designed to benefit a broader\npopulation group).\n\n\n30. **Nonetheless, the component will foresee adaptive mechanisms to safeguard access to affordable bread to the**\n**poorest and most vulnerable households, including refugees**, in case of severe shortages in domestic supply, leading to\na deterioration in bread access for the vulnerable groups. The Framework Agreements will foresee provisions for\nprioritizing the distribution of wheat and, where applicable, flour to populations or regions where shortages are\nidentified, in accordance with the procedures set out in the Project Operations Manual. Such responses, and, as needed,\nothers, will be informed by the monitoring systems and data collection supported under Component 2.\n\n31. In line with the outcomes of the complementary technical support described under Component 2, **a managed exit**\n**strategy from the current wheat subsidy scheme needs to be considered when the project ends** . The private sector\nfinancial participation can be incrementally increased within this design, in line with an approach and a calendar that can\nbe informed by the activities described under Component 2.\n\n32. **This** **component would contribute to energy and resource use efficiency as the World Bank\u2019s financing would**\n**reduce the risk of investment and allow importers to aggregate and purchase a higher volume of wheat supply,**\n**reducing the number of shipments, with mitigation co-benefits** . Additionally, the component would benefit from a\nbetter management plan, which would reduce food loss and waste along the wheat value chain and, therefore, generate\nclimate change mitigation", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06641972810029984, "start": 1145, "end": 1169, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:217", "surface": "UNHCR and WFP beneficiary lists", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\nTo address price risks and monitor access to affordable bread, the project will finance third-party monitoring agency\n(TPMA), such as mobilization of Red Cross Volunteers with the Lebanese Red Cross/International Federation of Red Cross\nand Red Crescent Societies at community level/downstream. The TPMA will facilitate price data collection for flour at the\nmill, for bread at the bakeries, and for bread at retail outlets, on a weekly basis and for a sample of outlets across all\ngovernorates. At the same time, the project will finance high frequency \u2018Listening to Poor and Vulnerable Household\nSurveys\u2019, entailing data collection on bread prices and consumption for the poor and vulnerable households, by\nconducting random sampling and surveying (biweekly) using UNHCR and WFP beneficiary lists. This information will be\ntriangulated at MOET level with information consolidated from the consumer protection agency, GM, and WFP price\nmonitoring system, and used to adopt appropriate remedies, such as activating the preferential distribution clause\nforeseen in the Framework Agreement, for bakeries in areas where most of the poor and vulnerable groups are located.\nAll monitoring reports will be published on Central Inspection\u2019s IMPACT online platform.\n\n35. **The component will also support consultancy services and technical assistance that will strengthen MOET\u2019s**\n**oversight function as well as capacity** **to manage the gradual transition from the current wheat subsidy system to a**\n**more market-oriented system** . This will include developing a better price monitoring and data system (both for wheat\nand bread); developing an implementation plan for gradually removing wheat subsidies and bread prices and potentially\nincreasing importers\u2019 financial participation in wheat import purchases, to be informed by the complementary activities\ndescribed below; conducting an adequate stakeholder outreach and communication about these reforms; and\nstrengthening regional cooperation around food security and risk management in the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.12301739305257797, "start": 902, "end": 936, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:218", "surface": "WFP price\nmonitoring system", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\nTo address price risks and monitor access to affordable bread, the project will finance third-party monitoring agency\n(TPMA), such as mobilization of Red Cross Volunteers with the Lebanese Red Cross/International Federation of Red Cross\nand Red Crescent Societies at community level/downstream. The TPMA will facilitate price data collection for flour at the\nmill, for bread at the bakeries, and for bread at retail outlets, on a weekly basis and for a sample of outlets across all\ngovernorates. At the same time, the project will finance high frequency \u2018Listening to Poor and Vulnerable Household\nSurveys\u2019, entailing data collection on bread prices and consumption for the poor and vulnerable households, by\nconducting random sampling and surveying (biweekly) using UNHCR and WFP beneficiary lists. This information will be\ntriangulated at MOET level with information consolidated from the consumer protection agency, GM, and WFP price\nmonitoring system, and used to adopt appropriate remedies, such as activating the preferential distribution clause\nforeseen in the Framework Agreement, for bakeries in areas where most of the poor and vulnerable groups are located.\nAll monitoring reports will be published on Central Inspection\u2019s IMPACT online platform.\n\n35. **The component will also support consultancy services and technical assistance that will strengthen MOET\u2019s**\n**oversight function as well as capacity** **to manage the gradual transition from the current wheat subsidy system to a**\n**more market-oriented system** . This will include developing a better price monitoring and data system (both for wheat\nand bread); developing an implementation plan for gradually removing wheat subsidies and bread prices and potentially\nincreasing importers\u2019 financial participation in wheat import purchases, to be informed by the complementary activities\ndescribed below; conducting an adequate stakeholder outreach and communication about these reforms; and\nstrengthening regional cooperation around food security and risk management in the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.0868796557188034, "start": 1076, "end": 1098, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:219", "surface": "standardized database of poor households", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\n**F. Lessons Learned and Reflected in the Project Design**\n\n\n48. **The project primarily builds on the lessons learned from the GFRP, which embodied the World Bank\u2019s response**\n**to the 2008 global food crisis** . GFRP mixed fast-track funding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and\nDevelopment and International Development Association with trust fund grants to help governments address the\nimmediate food crisis, while encouraging agricultural policies that will increase resilience in the future. Key lessons also\nreflected in the project design are summarized below:\n\n\n**-** **Simple design of emergency operations is crucial for rapid response** .  A simple design of emergency\noperations is a key for success. The design of the project should focus on responding to the government\u2019s\nshort-term priority and to the urgent needs of the beneficiaries, as a key factor in the project\u2019s successful\nimplementation.\n\n**-** **Establishing an effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system in the context of a crisis response**\n**operation is a challenge, but its importance should not be underestimated** .\n\n**-** **Emergency responses can help in crafting longer-term responses to vulnerability** . For example, in\nNicaragua, the food crisis response project was used as an opportunity to move forward the long-standing\nagenda for developing emergency responses to food price crisis in a country that constantly faces them\nand needs a comprehensive long-term response. In the Philippines, the emergency response catalyzed a\nnascent reform agenda in social protection, including a standardized database of poor households and\nconditional cash transfers. Emergency operations by nature finance short-term measures which often do\nnot have the potential to sustain development impact. Therefore, a follow-up operation should be\nconsidered that can build on the experiences of the emergency operation", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.04510953649878502, "start": 1817, "end": 1845, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:220", "surface": "database of poor households and\nconditional cash transfers", "ctx": " database of poor households and\nconditional cash transfers. Emergency operations by nature finance short-term measures which often do\nnot have the potential to sustain development impact. Therefore, a follow-up operation should be\nconsidered that can build on the experiences of the emergency operation.\n\n**-** **Adequate attention to an institutional capacity building during preparation despite the emergency**\n**nature of operations is essential** . In Tajikistan, the food crisis response project over-estimated the\ncapacity and willingness of local government officials to assume responsibility for beneficiary selection\nand distribution and underestimated the level of support needed from local governments. On the other\nhand, since emerging from a severe food crisis in 2005, Niger has improved its institutional framework to\nprevent and respond to adverse events. Thus, the World Bank\u2019s rapid response to the client\u2019s request for\nassistance was met by a strong commitment and a high level of preparedness on the part of the\ncounterpart. Limited funds were, thus, able to provide timely and critical resources and technical\nassistance to develop an action plan to strengthen the government\u2019s current programs and assess the\nfeasibility of new pilot programs to respond to the needs of poor and vulnerable people.\n\n**-** **The World Bank can be effective in providing emergency assistance even when the overall governance**\n**environment is weak** . However, it should not undermine governance issues. Building the capacity of\ngovernment apparatus and of communities to play a responsible role and demand accountability from\nthe government are key elements for building governance structures.\n\n\nPage 21 of 46", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.72710782289505, "start": 0, "end": 60, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:221", "surface": "MOET\nreporting", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\nWorld Bank and will have an oversight and implementation support role. It will meet regularly (monthly, or more\nfrequently, if needed) to follow project implementation progress, and in particular brief, based on MOET\nreporting, on the findings of third-party monitoring and discuss and advise promptly any issues that might arise.\n\n**C. Sustainability**\n\n\n54. **To ensure sustainability, the project will pursue a two-track approach** : (i) providing relief in the short\nterm by financing wheat imports, and thereby avoiding a breakdown of imports and its dire socioeconomic impact\non the Lebanese population, and (ii) laying the ground for critical sector reforms (e.g. phasing out of the wheat\nsubsidy, gradual removal of bread price controls accompanied by appropriate mitigation measures to protect the\npoorest segments of the population), addressing inefficiencies in the value chain that result in higher costs for\nconsumers, and stronger oversight by MOET.\n\n55. **Several elements are built into the project design to promote sustainability** : (i) private sector financial\ncontribution for wheat imports, to be gradually increased as wheat subsidies are being removed and bread prices\nare more closely aligned with market prices (Component 1); and (ii) technical assistance and capacity building\nactivities that will help improve MOET\u2019s capacity to exercise its governance and oversight functions (Component\n2). In addition, as described under Component 2, several other activities will be carried out in complementarity\nto this project to accompany and inform the wheat sector reform process and its resilience-building.\n\n\n**IV.** **PROJECT APPRAISAL SUMMARY**\n\n\n**A. Technical, Economic and Financial Analysis**\n\n\n56. As reflected in the lessons learned from the GFRP, **the project opted for a simple and well-focused design**\n*", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5103371143341064, "start": 315, "end": 326, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:222", "surface": "UNHCR and WFP\nbeneficiary lists", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\ninterventions: (1) establish social accountability groups or committees in selected localities by monitoring\navailability of affordable bread in the WFP-eligible shops which provide support to vulnerable communities; (2)\nconducting a baseline survey and periodic monitoring using random sampling based on UNHCR and WFP\nbeneficiary lists; and (3) strengthening the MOET\u2019s GM system. At the same time, the findings of the baseline\nsurvey and subsequent tracer surveys will be used to generate periodic action plans to address the feedback\nreceived from beneficiaries through the surveys\u2019 implementation.\n\n**B. Fiduciary**\n\n\n**(i)  Financial Management**\n\n\n65. The project will be implemented by MOET in line with World Bank policies that are standard for project\nimplementation, including the \u201cProcurement Regulations\u201d dated November 2020.\n\n\n66. The Financial Management (FM) assessment conducted for MOET found that the FM risk, as a component\nof the fiduciary risk, is rated as Substantial. With the proposed mitigating measures, MOET will meet the World\nBank\u2019s FM requirements and will have an acceptable FM system. The residual FM risk rating would be Moderate\nafter mitigating measures. The details of the FM assessment and arrangements are included in Annex 1.\n\n\n67. A single segregated Project Designated Account in US Dollars will be opened at the BdL under MOET in\nthe name of the project. Funds will be channeled from the World Bank to the Ministry of Finance\u2019s treasury\naccount and then transferred to the project designated account opened at the BdL. Disbursements will follow the\nguidelines and the modalities specified in the Loan Agreement and Disbursement and Financial Information Letter.\n\n\n68. The general accounting principles for the project will be as follows: (a) project accounting will cover all\nsources and uses of project funds, including payments made and expenses incurred. Project accounting will be\nbased on cash", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.061874281615018845, "start": 418, "end": 450, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:223", "surface": "Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in\nProcurement", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\ncontracts between the importers and suppliers. In addition, MOET will recruit a TPMA to verify the results at the\ncommunity level.\n**(ii)  Procurement**\n\n\n72. **Procurement under the project will be carried out in accordance with the World Bank Procurement**\n**Regulations for IPF Borrowers for Goods, Works, Non-Consulting and Consulting Services, dated November 2020**\n(\u2018Procurement Regulations\u2019). The project will be subject to the World Bank\u2019s \u201cGuidelines on Preventing and\nCombating Fraud and Corruption in projects Financed by IBRD Loans and IDA Credits and Grants\u201d, October 15,\n2006, revised in January 2011, and as of July 1, 2016. The project will use the Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in\nProcurement (STEP) to plan, record, and track procurement transactions.\n\n73. **The simplified procurement procedures for \u2018Situations in Urgent Need of Assistance or Capacity**\n**Constraints\u2019 described under paragraph 12 of Section III of the IPF Policy will be applicable to fast-track project**\n**procurement** . Those will include: (a) direct selection, as appropriate; (c) increased thresholds for requests for\nquotations; and (d) selection of consulting firms using Consultant\u2019s Qualification-based Selection (CQS).\n\n\n74. **MOET will hold the overall responsibility and will act as the Bank\u2019s counterpart for procurement. MOET**\n**will be responsible for oversight of wheat imports under Component 1 and for undertaking procurement and**\n**contract management for Component 2** . For wheat imports, MOET will enter into direct Framework Agreements\nwith selected local importers who comply with the World Bank eligibility requirements and meet the predefined\nqualification criteria, in", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06362123042345047, "start": 809, "end": 863, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:224", "surface": "samples of wheat purchase contracts", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\ng. Payments for wheat purchased/shipped shall be made by MOET authorized by Borrower in US Dollars\n\ndirectly to suppliers in accordance with the terms stipulated in the signed contract.\nh. Maintaining all relevant records and allowing for inspections and audits by MOET, through the TPMA or\n\nexternal auditor, and by the World Bank, when requested.\n\n75. **As a result of the conflict in Ukraine, grain prices are continuing to increase on global markets. To ensure**\n**security of supply in the context of volatile market prices and given limited storage capacity in Lebanon, wheat**\n**imports will involve multiple purchases by selected importers**, most in the range of 5,000-10,000 tons, and a\ntotal monthly average of 50,000 tons, over the project duration. Importers will prepare and share with MOET a\nschedule of planned wheat purchases. Each importer will request quotations for every scheduled purchase, either\ndirectly or through brokers, from eligible and qualified international wheat suppliers who have a track record of\nsupplying wheat at quality and on time. The quotation which offers the best combination of quality, price and\ndelivery schedule shall be selected and a draft contract with the selected supplier shall be prepared using\nconditions of contract, acceptable to the World Bank **.**\n\n76. Based on a review of samples of wheat purchase contracts in use by wheat importers, it was noted that\nthey are based on the GAFTA Contract No. 48 (delivery based on CIF). The latter would generally be acceptable to\nthe World Bank, subject to the addition of World Bank Anti-Corruption Guidelines provisions; including without\nlimitation of the Bank\u2019s right to sanction and the Bank\u2019s inspection and audit rights, and other provisions as it\nbecomes necessary to make the contract acceptable to the Bank, including the disclosure in the contract", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.15028011798858643, "start": 1506, "end": 1533, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:225", "surface": "UNHCR and WFP\nbeneficiary lists", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\nCrescent Societies, which will confirm that the bakeries service areas that include poor and vulnerable groups are\nreceiving the flour as per Framework Agreement. In addition, the project will finance high frequency \u2018Listening to\nPoor and Vulnerable Household Surveys\u2019, entailing data collection on bread prices and consumption for the poor\nand vulnerable households, by collecting random sampling and surveying (biweekly) using UNHCR and WFP\nbeneficiary lists. This information will be triangulated at MOET level with information consolidated from the\nconsumer protection agency, GM, and price monitoring system, and used to adopt appropriate remedies, such as\nincluding in the Framework Agreement a preferential distribution clause for bakeries located in areas where most\nof the poor and vulnerable groups are located. Additional social risks are associated with the consultancy services\nand technical assistance under Component 2 that will help MOET\u2019s planned transition from the current wheat\nsubsidy system to a more market-oriented system. Such risks will be mitigated through recommendations in the\nstudy to ensure linkages with the social safety net programs like ESSN, a clear communication campaign, and an\neffective and widespread dissemination of the grievance mechanism. All the mitigation measures will be covered\nin the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), which will be prepared before signing Framework\nAgreements with local importers and as a disbursement condition.\n\n80. The Environmental risk rating is Moderate. The project is limited to procurement of wheat to maintain\nthe supply during the market disruptions caused by the war in Ukraine. The project finance will not involve any\ncivil works nor any other activities after the vessels deliver the shipment at the ports of Beirut and/or Tripoli.\nThere are some associated activities, which are not directly financed by the project but are directly and\nsignificantly related to the project; will be carried out contemporaneously with the project; and necessary for the\nproject to be viable and would not have been conducted if the project did", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.1683412343263626, "start": 547, "end": 582, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:226", "surface": "WFP beneficiary lists", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Grain emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Monitoring & Evaluation Plan: PDO Indicators|Col2|Col3|Col4|Col5|Col6|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Indicator Name **|**Definition/Description **|**Frequency **|**Datasource **|**Methodology for Data**<br>**Collection **|**Responsibility for Data**<br>**Collection **|\n|Cumulative amount of wheat procured<br>through the project and delivered in the<br>ports of Beirut and Tripoli|The indicator will measure<br>the amount of wheat (tons,<br>gross weight) imported to<br>Lebanon and delivered in<br>the ports of Beirut and<br>Tripoli. The indicator will be<br>measured based on data<br>collected regularly and<br>reported by the Ministry of<br>Economy and Trade.|The indicator<br>will be<br>measured<br>monthly and<br>at the end of<br>the project<br>implementati<br>on period,<br>and will<br>reflect<br>cumulative<br>wheat import<br>procured<br>with project<br>financing sinc<br>e the start of<br>the project.<br>||||\n|Vulnerable beneficiaries with access to<br>affordable bread.|The data will be collected<br>from using random<br>sampling and surveying<br>(biweekly) using UNHCR and<br>WFP beneficiary lists.||||", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1194, "end": 1194, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:227", "surface": "detailed inventory of the\nwheat purchased and distributed", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\ntransactions are comprehensive and complete and recorded in a timely manner and that all records are available\nfor review and validation daily. The reconciliation of records will be made by MOET on a weekly basis.\n\n15. _Project reporting:_ The project financial reporting includes IFRs and yearly PFS. IFRs should include data on\nthe financial situation of the project, including:\n\n1) Statement of Cash Receipts and Payments by category and component.\n2) Accounting policies and explanatory notes including a footnote disclosure on schedules: (i) \u201cthe list of all\nsigned Contracts per category\u201d showing contract amounts committed, paid, and unpaid under each\ncontract, (ii) Reconciliation Statement for the balance of the Project\u2019s Account, (iii) Statement of Cash\npayments made using SOE basis, (iv) a budget analysis statement indicating forecasts and discrepancies\nrelative to the actual budget; (v) a comprehensive list of all fixed assets; and (iv) detailed inventory of the\nwheat purchased and distributed\n\n16. The IFRs should be produced every quarter and sent to the Bank within 45 days from the end of each\nquarter. PFS should be produced on a semi-annual basis and will include the same information as the IFRs.\n\n17. _Flow of funds:_ The funds will be transferred from the Bank to the project in accordance with the provisions\nof the Legal Agreement and Disbursement and Financial Information Letter. The funds will be channeled from the\nWorld Bank to the MoF Treasury Account and then transferred to the Project Designated Account opened for the\nproject at the Central Bank of Lebanon in US$. MoF and the Central Bank in coordination with MOET will ensure\nthat once funds are received at the treasury account, they will be transferred to the project designated account.\nThen once the funds are in the designated account, payments will be executed by the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.05472451075911522, "start": 1116, "end": 1159, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:228", "surface": "IFRs", "ctx": " procedures of the World Bank and will be used to finance activities through the disbursement\nprocedures currently used: i.e., Advances, Direct Payment and Reimbursement accompanied by appropriate\nsupporting documentation (SOEs) in accordance with the procedures described in the Disbursement and Financial\nInformation Letter and the Bank's \"Disbursement Guidelines\". The ceiling of the project designated account is set\nat US$25.00 million (divided between US$22.5 million for the IBRD part and US$2.5 million for the GCFF part). The\nproject will be fast disbursing with expected payments to suppliers ranging between US$7.00 million to US$8.00\nmillion per week, hence the need for a larger advance ceiling to ensure that funds are readily available in the\ndesignated account to honor payments to suppliers and avoid any delays in shipments. The IFRs and the PFS will\nbe used as a financial reporting mechanism and not for disbursement purposes. The minimum application size for\ndirect payment, reimbursement will be equal to US$1.00 million for the IBRD part and US$100,000 for the GCFF\npart.\n\n_Allocation of the Project\u2019s Proceeds:_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 44 of 46", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3063855469226837, "start": 877, "end": 879, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:229", "surface": "PFS", "ctx": " procedures of the World Bank and will be used to finance activities through the disbursement\nprocedures currently used: i.e., Advances, Direct Payment and Reimbursement accompanied by appropriate\nsupporting documentation (SOEs) in accordance with the procedures described in the Disbursement and Financial\nInformation Letter and the Bank's \"Disbursement Guidelines\". The ceiling of the project designated account is set\nat US$25.00 million (divided between US$22.5 million for the IBRD part and US$2.5 million for the GCFF part). The\nproject will be fast disbursing with expected payments to suppliers ranging between US$7.00 million to US$8.00\nmillion per week, hence the need for a larger advance ceiling to ensure that funds are readily available in the\ndesignated account to honor payments to suppliers and avoid any delays in shipments. The IFRs and the PFS will\nbe used as a financial reporting mechanism and not for disbursement purposes. The minimum application size for\ndirect payment, reimbursement will be equal to US$1.00 million for the IBRD part and US$100,000 for the GCFF\npart.\n\n_Allocation of the Project\u2019s Proceeds:_\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPage 44 of 46", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3920433521270752, "start": 892, "end": 901, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:230", "surface": "records evidencing eligible expenditures", "ctx": " designated account will be US$25.00 million\n(divided between US$22.5 million for the IBRD part and US$2.5 million for the GCFF part). Given the disbursements\nconditions applying to category 1 of the project, for the IBRD part, MOET will be able to claim US$360,000 only\nfor Disbursement Category 2 of the Financing, until the disbursement conditions that apply to Disbursement\nCategory 1 are met, and US$22,500,000 after those conditions are met. For the GCFF part, MOET will be able to\nclaim US$40,000 only for Disbursement Category 2 of the Financing until the disbursement conditions that apply\nto Disbursement Category 1 are met; and US$2,500,000 after those conditions are met. MOET will be responsible\nfor submitting advance requests and replenishment applications with appropriate supporting documentation.\n\n23. _Statement of Expenditures (SOEs):_ For requests for Reimbursement and for reporting eligible expenditures\npaid from the Designated Account:\n\n`-` Statement of Expenditures for category 1 of the project (attachment no. 2 of the Disbursement Letter)\n\n`-` Statement of Expenditures for category 2 of the project (attachment no. 2 of the Disbursement Letter)\n\n24. For requests for direct payments: records evidencing eligible expenditures e.g., copies of receipts, copies\nof suppliers\u2019 invoices above the minimum application size.\n\n25. Authorized Signatories: Two authorized signatories will be nominated by MOET for the project to sign the\nwithdrawal applications. Their corresponding specimen signatures will be submitted to the World Bank prior to\nthe receipt of the first withdrawal application (advance to DA). Each withdrawal application will be approved and\nsigned by the authorized signatories.\n\n26. Fraud and corruption may affect the project resources, and thus impact negatively the project outcomes.\nThe", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.18690015375614166, "start": 1311, "end": 1340, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:231", "surface": "financial records", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nLebanon: Wheat supply emergency response project (P178866)\n\n\nrecruitment of a third-party monitoring agent and external financial audit, will help address the risk of fraud and\ncorruption that are likely to have a material impact on the project outcomes.\n\n\n27. **Implementation Support.** The World Bank FM team will ensure hands-on support for the project for the\nfirst six months, this will include early training in financial management and disbursements procedures to ensure\nthat the FM arrangements including monitoring and controls are set in place, POM prepared, payments are\nexecuted in a timely manner and financial records are complete and reporting is on time and comprehensive.\nImplementation support missions will be scheduled every three months for the first 6 months and will be revisited\nas needed.\n\n\nPage 46 of 46", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.11552698165178299, "start": 682, "end": 689, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:232", "surface": "2015 Census", "ctx": " accounts, reserves the right to intercept\nfiscal transfers as a mitigation against the default risk it is exposed to. No coherent investment planning and\nfinancing system exists for regional-level, inter-municipal investments in the governorates. Those distortions\ncause allocative inefficiencies that drain the broader economic development potential against a background of\nsignificant sub-national investment needs, including in regional and connecting infrastructure.\n\n\nRelationship to CAS/CPF\n\n\n4 Jordan Department of Statistics, 2015 Census.\n5 Elections for new Governorate Legal Councils took place in August 2017. However, Governorate revenue assignments, expenditure\nresponsibilities, and functional relationship with municipalities remain unclear and have yet to be defined through pending by-laws.\n\n\nMay 07, 2018 Page 5 of 12", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3782482445240021, "start": 568, "end": 585, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:233", "surface": "Trucking Operator Survey", "ctx": "\nsystems under preparation in Zarqa and Russeifa, and pilot initiatives in Irbid; (ii) integrated solid waste\nmanagement systems, including transfer stations such as in Mafraq; and (iii) other urban regeneration\nand upgrading, such as parks, public areas and green spaces, but also other strategic public assets that\ncan facilitate compact urban growth or attract private investments, e.g., the Zarqa river rehabilitation,\nMafraq railway park, and Russeifa phosphate mountains.\n\n\nb. _In \u2018lagging regions\u2019,_ this may include investments in (i) basic infrastructure and service delivery such as\n\nwater supply and sanitation, solid waste disposal and recycling facilities, and electricity networks to\nimprove access and quality of basic services; and (ii) connecting infrastructure such as roads and\ntransportation networks to integrate \u2018lagging regions\u2019 into the economy and connect then with urban\n\u2018growth hubs\u2019, beyond an isolated focus on dedicated industrial zones. The recently adopted\nGovernorate Investment Plan would provide the basis for identifying, prioritizing and selecting critical\ninvestments under a comprehensive Framework for Integrated Territorial Development. Investments to\nincrease connectivity would be informed by the Trucking Operator Survey recently completed as part of\nthe JIT to inform Program identification. <sup>7</sup>\n\n\n**E. Initial Environmental and Social Screening**\n\n\n25. An Environmental and Social Management System Analysis (ESSA) of the central organizations and ministries\ninvolved with the program, such as MoMA, as well as the regional and municipal level organizations will be\nundertaken. The ESSA will assesses the environmental and social impacts and risks likely to be associated with the\nprogram and will examine Jordan\u2019s existing environmental and social management systems for municipal\n\n\n7 Interdisciplinary Research Consultants, Jordan Local Development in Lagging Regions, Survey of Truck Operators. Final Report,\nFebruary 2018.\n\n\nMay 07, 2018 Page 10 of 12", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06912205368280411, "start": 1321, "end": 1364, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:234", "surface": "Human Capital Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda COVID-19 Education Response Project (P174033)\n\n\n**I.** **STRATEGIC CONTEXT**\n\n\n1. **On March 27, 2020, Uganda reported the first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).** As of\nAugust 2020, the number of confirmed cases has risen to 2,362. The Government of Uganda has taken actions\nto minimize the spread of the coronavirus by imposing restrictions on travel and closing Entebbe International\nAirport and all borders for passenger travel. To curb the spread, the President has also promoted better hygiene\nthrough hand washing and health safety habits, instituted social distancing measures, and prohibited public\ngatherings.\n\n\n2. **School closures are also in effect, affecting more than 15 million students and 548,000 teachers.** Even\nbefore the COVID-19 pandemic, Uganda was facing a learning crisis. Uganda\u2019s Human Capital Index is 38 percent\nin 2020. That means that a child born today will be only 38 percent as productive as what s/he could be if s/he\nenjoyed complete education and full health. To address the learning crisis, there are a lot of actions to be taken.\nIn the immediate time frame, however, it is important to ensure continuity of learning during the COVID-19 crisis,\nand to prepare the school system to reopen safely once the pandemic subsides.\n\n3. **The Global Partnership for Education (GPE) has allocated US$14.7 million to Uganda, from the GPE**\n**COVID-19 accelerated funding window** designed to capacitate governments to mitigate the impact of COVID-19\non their education systems and help recovery.\n\n\n**A. Country Context**\n\n\n4. **Uganda has been one of the top regional performers in terms of economic growth and poverty**\n**reduction over the last decades", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08509612828493118, "start": 905, "end": 917, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:235", "surface": "National Population and Housing Census 2016", "ctx": ". **Uganda has one of the youngest and most rapidly growing populations in the world,** with a population\nof 41.9 million, an annual population growth rate of 3.3 percent <sup>4</sup> and nearly half of the population under the age\n\n\n1 Uganda Economic Update #14, 2020.\n2 Uganda Emergency Fiscal and Growth Stabilization Development Policy Operation (P173906)\n3 Uganda Emergency Fiscal and Growth Stabilization Development Policy Operation (P173906)\n4 National Population and Housing Census 2016.\n\n\nPage 6 of 43\n\n\nOfficial Use", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 491, "end": 526, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:236", "surface": "data in 2017", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda COVID-19 Education Response Project (P174033)\n\n\nFinancing Facility Advisory Services and Analytics is providing catalytic resources to provide technical assistance\nin three main areas linked to strengthening continuity of health services during the context of COVID-19.\n\n\n**B. Sectoral and Institutional Context**\n\n\n11. **In Uganda, there are over 15 million students enrolled in the education system, including higher**\n**education.** The majority of Ugandan students are enrolled in day schools while others are in boarding schools\nwhere many facilities are shared and students are constantly in close contact with each other, their teachers and\nother visitors on a daily basis, presenting an environment for easy transmission of the COVID-19. <mark>The education</mark>\n<mark>[system in Uganda has a structure of seven years of primary education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_education)</mark> _<mark>,</mark>_ <mark>[six years of secondary education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_education)</mark> <mark>(divided</mark>\n<mark>into four years of lower secondary and two years of upper secondary school). Based on the data in 2017, the gross</mark>\n<mark>enrollment</mark> <sup>8</sup> <mark>for preprimary was 14.4 percent, primary 115.7 percent, and secondary 28 percent, respectively.</mark>\n\n12. **All schools are currently closed as part of the Government\u2019s COVID-19 response.** In response to the\ndanger posed by the pandemic to Ugandan students, the Government announced the closure of all schools from\nMarch 20, 2020 for a period of 30 days in a bid to", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2795346677303314, "start": 1264, "end": 1286, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:237", "surface": "Master List of schools in Uganda", "ctx": " part of the Government\u2019s COVID-19 response.** In response to the\ndanger posed by the pandemic to Ugandan students, the Government announced the closure of all schools from\nMarch 20, 2020 for a period of 30 days in a bid to avoid the possible rapid spread of new infections of COVID-19.\nThe closure of schools remains in place and it is not clear when this could be lifted. This has impacted more than\n67,516 schools affecting more than 15 million students and over 400,000 teachers.\n\n\n**<u>Table 1. Enrollment by education level (public and private, and refugees)</u>**\n\n|Level of education|# of Schools|# of Students|# of Teachers|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Pre-primary|28,208|2,050,403|90,742|\n|Primary|36,314|10,777,846|315,787|\n|Lower Secondary|2,994|1,779,550|114,859|\n|**Total **|**67,516 **|**14,607,799 **|**406,529 **|\n\n\n\nSources: Report on the Master List of schools in Uganda (MEIU) Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) 2019\n\n13. **The COVID-19 outbreak and school closures are expected to have a wide range of impacts on students,**\n**teachers and households.** Prolonged school closures are expected to lead to a loss in learning. Households will\nface increasing economic difficulties with rising unemployment and income losses. This could impact the\nlikelihood of children staying in school and transitioning to the next level of education once the schools reopen,\nincreasing the number of out-of-school children. Parents\u2019 ability to contribute to educational inputs may also be\nmore limited", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6451116800308228, "start": 916, "end": 960, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:238", "surface": "EMIS data", "ctx": " income losses. This could impact the\nlikelihood of children staying in school and transitioning to the next level of education once the schools reopen,\nincreasing the number of out-of-school children. Parents\u2019 ability to contribute to educational inputs may also be\nmore limited, impacting the quality of schooling. Government expenditures on education, already at a low level,\nwill face additional pressure and any cuts in spending could further worsen the quality.\n\n14. **With the COVID-19 crisis, girls may be more likely to lose out on education when schools reopen.** School\nclosures may lead to an increase in the burden of care-related tasks, which disproportionately impact girls in many\ncontexts. Girls suffer extra constraints due to social expectations, for example to take on household\nresponsibilities and domestic chores, and in economically disadvantaged areas, early marriage and early\nchildbearing is common.\n\n\n8 EMIS data 2017, Ministry of Education and Sports\n\n\nPage 8 of 43\n\n\nOfficial Use", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.2009829729795456, "start": 989, "end": 1005, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:239", "surface": "Uganda National Household Survey", "ctx": ">dropouts and learning outcomes, a few different scenarios were considered.</mark>\n\n<mark>43.</mark> **<mark>It was assumed that those households in the bottom quintiles (the poorest 40 percent) would be the</mark>**\n**<mark>most affected by the pandemic.</mark>** <mark>According to the</mark> <mark>Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2016/17, these</mark>\n<mark>households account for 54 and 24 percent of the total children and youth currently enrolled in public primary and</mark>\n\n\nPage 18 of 43\n\n\nOfficial Use", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7896815538406372, "start": 317, "end": 349, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:240", "surface": "Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement", "ctx": " of the subcontractor. There are currently no outstanding audits with the MOES. Given the 18\nmonths period of implementation for this grant, two annual audits are expected (FY2020/21 and FY2021/22).\n\n**Procurement**\n\n\n58. **Procurement for the project will be carried out in accordance with the World Bank\u2019s Procurement**\n**Regulations for IPF Borrowers for Goods, Works, Non-Consulting and Consulting Services, dated July 1, 2016**\n**(revised in November 2017 and August 2018).** The project will be subject to the World Bank\u2019s Anticorruption\nGuidelines, dated October 15, 2006, revised in January 2011, and as of July 1, 2016. The project will use the\nSystematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement (STEP) to plan, record and track procurement transactions.\n\n59. **Planned procurement activities include project implementation and monitoring.** Finalization of the\nstreamlined Project Procurement Strategy for Development (PPSD) has been deferred to implementation stage\nand will be submitted two weeks after effectiveness. A draft procurement plan has been prepared and it will be\nupdated during project implementation.\n\n\n60. **The proposed procurement approach prioritizes fast track emergency procurement for the required**\n**goods, works and services** to utilize the flexibility provided by the Bank\u2019s Procurement Framework for fast track\nemergency procurement. Key measures to fast track procurement in order of priority include: (i) use of simple\nand fast procurement and selection methods fit for an emergency situation including direct Selection /\nProcurement, as appropriate including increased thresholds for Requests For Quotations (RfQ) to US$1 million for\ngoods and services; (ii) streamlined competitive procedures with shorter bidding time; (iii) extension of existing\ncontracts where they include required goods, and services; (iv) use of framework agreements including existing\none; and (v) procurement", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.364014595746994, "start": 702, "end": 734, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:241", "surface": "project records", "ctx": " Staff result in loss of knowledge<br>built under previous projects.|A Procurement Specialist (formerly working with<br>UTSEP) with qualifications and experience acceptable<br>to IDA to augment PDU capacity has been recruited.|\n|2.|`o` Submission of forged documentation and<br>misrepresentation of qualification<br>requirements by Suppliers;<br>`o` Prolonged complaints due to leakages of<br>confidential information during bid<br>evaluation.|`o` Due diligence by the Evaluation team contacting<br>previous employers to confirm experience;<br>`o` Timely reporting of malpresentation by Bidders to<br>Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA)<br>and INT for sanctioning to demonstrate zero<br>tolerance to such practices.|\n|3.|Inadequate space for record keeping/archiving<br>in the Procurement and Disposal Unit (PDU).|Provide sufficient space for record keeping/archiving<br>of project records  in the project document unit for<br>period required by Financing Agreement.|\n|4.|Inadequate staff to support project<br>implementation including monitoring<br>deliveries due to unprecedented scale of<br>distribution to household level.|MOES will thrash out the mechanisms to strengthen<br>the distribution and coordination at local government<br>level, taking into account the lessons learnt from the<br>challenges of supply and distribution of similar<br>materials printed and distributed using Government<br>funding during the early days of the COVID-19<br>pandemic to ensure that the learning materials will<br>reach the household level timely. The proposed way<br>forward was shared with the Bank.|\n\n\n\nPage 22 of 43\n\n\nOfficial Use", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.27324187755584717, "start": 889, "end": 897, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:242", "surface": "attendance registers", "ctx": ">psycho-social support.|Defn: Emergency response<br>preparedness and psycho-<br>scial support refer to<br>strategic measures put in<br>place (by national COVID<br>taskforce) to manage the<br>spread and mitigate against<br>negative impacts of COVID-<br>19.<br> <br>Train or orient head<br>teachers of grant-supported<br>schools on the above<br>measures to help guide their<br>response at school level;|<br>once<br>|Training<br>reports<br>|Data collection through<br>monitoring of training<br>and review of<br>attendance registers<br>|MoES through<br>Directorate of Basic and<br>Secondary Education<br>|\n\n\nPage 34 of 43\n\n\nOfficial Use", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.10397886484861374, "start": 502, "end": 537, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:243", "surface": "data on procurement activities", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda COVID-19 Education Response Project (P174033)\n\n\n**Procurement**\n\n6. **Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement (STEP).** The Project will use STEP, a planning and\ntracking system, which would provide data on procurement activities, establish benchmarks, monitor delays and\nmeasure procurement performance.\n\n7. **Record keeping and management.** The of Procurement specialist under the PCU will be responsible for\nrecord keeping and shall open a procurement file for each contract processed and upload the same information\nin the STEP. The file should contain all documents on the procurement process in accordance with the IDA\nrequirements.\n\n\n**Implementation Support Plan**\n\n\n8. Most of the World Bank team members will be based in the Kampala country office, including technical,\nprocurement, financial management, and safeguards specialists, which would facilitate timely, efficient, and\neffective implementation support to the client. Detailed inputs from the World Bank team are outlined below:\n\n\n**Table 1. Summary of Implementation Support**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Time|Focus|Skills Needed|Resource<br>Estimates<br>(US$)|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|First 6<br>months|Project launch: Informing all relevant<br>stakeholders about the project <br>Induction of the project implementation teams -<br>awareness on the PAD, and project results<br>framework <br> <br>Enhancing existing capacity in monitoring,<br>procurement, financial management, and<br>safeguards. <br> <br>Printing and distributing home self-learning<br>materials to students|\u2022 Project management<br>\u2022 Education<br>\u2022 Financial Management<br>\u2022 Procurement<br>\u2022 M&E<br>\u2022", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.017319530248641968, "start": 265, "end": 301, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:244", "surface": "Human Capital Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda COVID-19 Education Response Project (P174033)\n\n\nof school closures and, also, the economic impact of the pandemic. Thus, this economic analysis evaluates\nhow increased preparedness and mitigation measures can reduce expected education losses related to the\nCOVID-19 crisis.\n\n\n**Box 1. Sierra Leone experience with Ebola**\n\nIn Sierra Leone, schools were closed for eight months, which represented a lost year of schooling. Among\nmeasures to support students and communities, the Government used radio to reach students, invested in the\nsafety and health of the learning environment, and monitored radio/TV programs and school re-opening.\nExperience showed that education radio programming was important to keep the link with education. It covered\ncontent from the primary and secondary levels, in core subjects, five days a week, where listeners could call in\nwith questions.\nA safe and secure learning environment was crucial for children\u2019s reenrollment in schools. Schools were cleaned\nup and maintained, and WASH and hygiene kits were provided. Monitoring of school re-opening was important\nto increase trust, and data showed students\u2019 enrollment was comparable to pre-crisis levels.\nAdditional measures included shortened academic years, with accelerated syllabus and psychosocial support to\n<u>special needs of survivors, orphans, and alternative education for pregnant or mothering girls.</u>\n\n\n_Cost-Benefit Analysis_\n\n8. This Project will support mitigating the adverse effects the COVID-19 pandemic can have on education\noutcomes, which are a critical component of human capital. As the nature of work evolves in response to rapid\ntechnological change, investing properly in human capital is considered not only desirable but necessary in\nthe pursuit of economic development and wealth. To illustrate this concept, the World Bank developed the\nHuman Capital Index (HCI), which measures the impact of underinvesting in human capital on the productivity\nof the next generation of workers. It is defined as the amount of human", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4520534574985504, "start": 2024, "end": 2037, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:245", "surface": "UNHS 2016/17", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nUganda COVID-19 Education Response Project (P174033)\n\n\nalso increase with education level. For higher education the regional average is 21 percent, while the returns\nto primary and secondary education are 14.4 and 10.6 percent, respectively. As shown in the figure below,\nin Uganda, the average expected income also increases according to the highest education level attended.\n\n\n**Figure 1. Mean monthly wage, 14-64 years old, by highest education level attended, in UGX**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_Source:_ UNHS 2016/17.\n_Notes:_ Monthly wage from main job, for those employed as paid employees, employers or self-employed.\n\n<mark>11.</mark> <mark>The direct project beneficiaries of the proposed project are 14 million</mark> <mark>students in preprimary, primary and</mark>\n<mark>lower-secondary students; and 520,000</mark> <mark>teachers and school administrators in Uganda. The main goal is to</mark>\n<mark>ensure learning continuity. The expected positive outcomes are therefore higher retention rates, as the</mark>\n<mark>pandemic might increase dropouts, affecting particularly harder children from poorer households and young</mark>\n<mark>girls.</mark>\n\n<mark>12.</mark> <mark>Costs are equivalent to the total cost of the project \u2013 which will disburse US$ 14.7M over a period of 18</mark>\n<mark>months \u2013 and additional costs due to the increased number of students enrolled in primary and lower</mark>\n<mark>secondary education as a result of the implementation of project\u2019s activities. These additional students</mark>\n<mark>correspond to those who are currently enrolled in either primary or lower secondary education and would</mark>", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.4535607695579529, "start": 563, "end": 571, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:246", "surface": "UNHS 2016/17", "ctx": "mark>\n<mark>secondary education as a result of the implementation of project\u2019s activities. These additional students</mark>\n<mark>correspond to those who are currently enrolled in either primary or lower secondary education and would</mark>\n<mark>drop out in the absence of the Project. These students would not complete primary or secondary education.</mark>\n<mark>Due to the current uncertainty regarding treatments/vaccines, duration of the lockdown, economic impacts</mark>\n<mark>on households\u2019 income, and students\u2019 dropouts and learning outcomes, a few different scenarios were</mark>\n<mark>considered.</mark>\n\n\n<mark>13.</mark> <mark>It was assumed that those households in the bottom quintiles (the poorest 40 percent) would be the most</mark>\n<mark>affected by the pandemic. According to the UNHS 2016/17, these households account for 54 and 24 percent</mark>\n<mark>of the total children and youth currently enrolled in public primary and lower secondary education,</mark>\n<mark>respectively. Three different scenarios were considered as a result of COVID-19 in the absence of the Project,</mark>\n<mark>where either 10, 20 or 30 percent of students from primary and lower secondary from the poorest households</mark>\n<mark>would drop out as a results of the COVID-19 pandemic. These scenarios were compared to the case where</mark>\n<mark>Project activities resulted in no additional dropouts, without changes in the current completion and transition</mark>\n<mark>rates.</mark>\n\n\nPage 42 of 43", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.31822648644447327, "start": 851, "end": 877, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:247", "surface": "survey administered before COVID-19", "ctx": " as well as capital controls \u2013 an unprecedented situation for Lebanon\u2019s historically\nfree capital account. A survey administered before COVID-19 found that 220,000 jobs had been temporarily or\npermanently lost between October 2019 and February 2020, one-third of companies reduced their workforce by 60%\non average and 12% ceased or suspended their operations. <sup>3</sup> On March 7, 2020, the Government of Lebanon (GoL)\ndefaulted on US$1.2 billion Eurobond debt. Much of Lebanon\u2019s current economic and social crisis is attributable to a\nsystem of corrupt elite capture that has failed to deliver adequate services to its people. The impact of the COVID-19\npandemic further exacerbated the precarious situation in the country. The pandemic overloaded a crippled public\nhealth infrastructure, exposing decades of underinvestment for public services. As of June 21, 2021, 543,505 cases\nhave been reported, with over 7,822 deaths due to the pandemic. <sup>4</sup> The 12-month inflation rate rose steadily in 20192020 and sharply from 10% in January 2020, to 46.6% in April, 89.7% in June, and in August, 120 percent. Importantly,\ninflation is a highly regressive tax, affecting the poor and vulnerable disproportionately, as well as people on fixed\nincome, such as pensioners. <sup>5</sup>\n\n\n1 World Bank Group; European Union; United Nations. 2020. Beirut Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment. World Bank, Washington, DC. \u00a9 World Bank.\n<u>[https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34401](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34401)</u>\n2 World Bank Group; European Union; United Nations. 2020. Beirut Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8881334662437439, "start": 109, "end": 144, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:248", "surface": "CPI", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\n**3.** **Compounded by the global economic shock presented by COVID-19, disruptions in international food supply chains**\n**and trade networks exacerbate Lebanon\u2019s food security vulnerabilities.** Lebanon's remittances dropped by 20%,\nfrom 3.9 billion U.S. dollars in the first half of 2019 to 3.1 billion dollars in the first half of 2020, according to Bank\nByblos' Lebanon This Week report released on Tuesday. <sup>6</sup> Furthermore, the restrictions on movement to combat the\npandemic have hindered food-related logistic services, disrupting food supply chains and jeopardizing food security\nfor millions of people. The higher levels of export restrictions particularly leave food-importing countries vulnerable\nto commodity price fluctuations. The CPI witnessed an annual inflation of 133% between October 2019 and November\n2020ii, while Food Price Index (FPI) registered an inflation of 423% \u2013 representing an all-time high since CAS started\nprice monitoring on a monthly basis in 2007. <sup>7</sup> This is particularly relevant as Lebanon imports at least 80% of its food\nsupplies (ESCWA 2016). As a result of these crises, the real GDP growth of Lebanon contracted by 20.3% in 2020 and\na further contraction of about 9.3% is projected for 2021. These severe economic crises forced over 45% of the\nLebanese population below the poverty line.\n\n**4.** **The pandemic and ensuing lockdowns have affected the poor, refugees and other vulnerable populations**\n**disproportionately, on a global scale as well as on a national scale** . In Lebanon, a wide range of vulnerable groups\nhave been negatively impacted by the pandemic ranging from the loss of livelihoods of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7160377502441406, "start": 901, "end": 908, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:249", "surface": "Food Price Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\n**3.** **Compounded by the global economic shock presented by COVID-19, disruptions in international food supply chains**\n**and trade networks exacerbate Lebanon\u2019s food security vulnerabilities.** Lebanon's remittances dropped by 20%,\nfrom 3.9 billion U.S. dollars in the first half of 2019 to 3.1 billion dollars in the first half of 2020, according to Bank\nByblos' Lebanon This Week report released on Tuesday. <sup>6</sup> Furthermore, the restrictions on movement to combat the\npandemic have hindered food-related logistic services, disrupting food supply chains and jeopardizing food security\nfor millions of people. The higher levels of export restrictions particularly leave food-importing countries vulnerable\nto commodity price fluctuations. The CPI witnessed an annual inflation of 133% between October 2019 and November\n2020ii, while Food Price Index (FPI) registered an inflation of 423% \u2013 representing an all-time high since CAS started\nprice monitoring on a monthly basis in 2007. <sup>7</sup> This is particularly relevant as Lebanon imports at least 80% of its food\nsupplies (ESCWA 2016). As a result of these crises, the real GDP growth of Lebanon contracted by 20.3% in 2020 and\na further contraction of about 9.3% is projected for 2021. These severe economic crises forced over 45% of the\nLebanese population below the poverty line.\n\n**4.** **The pandemic and ensuing lockdowns have affected the poor, refugees and other vulnerable populations**\n**disproportionately, on a global scale as well as on a national scale** . In Lebanon, a wide range of vulnerable groups\nhave been negatively impacted by the pandemic ranging from the loss of livelihoods of", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6581823825836182, "start": 996, "end": 1013, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:250", "surface": "migrants surveyed in May 2020", "ctx": " refugees and other vulnerable populations**\n**disproportionately, on a global scale as well as on a national scale** . In Lebanon, a wide range of vulnerable groups\nhave been negatively impacted by the pandemic ranging from the loss of livelihoods of informal workers and microentrepreneurs, additional economic insecurity for refugees and migrants, to the overlook of the health needs of the\nelderly and the disabled. <sup>8</sup> Lockdown measures to fight the pandemic, topped by the global recession, have resulted in\npermanent and temporary lay-offs with particularly detrimental effects on informal workers. Syrian refugees have\nexperienced particular economic hardship in 2020: there was a 44% increase in refugees under the Survival Minimum\nExpenditure Basket (SMEB), meaning that 89% now cannot meet their basic needs and are prone to a deprivation of\na series of rights. <sup>9</sup> In addition, 83% of migrants surveyed in May 2020 reported that they struggled to make payments\nfor food in the last 30 days. <sup>10</sup> Older people suffer from a lack of health and protection systems. People with disabilities\nhave also been disproportionately affected by interrupted health services and social support at home, including\npersonal assistance. <sup>11</sup>\n\n**5.** **The blast further exacerbated socioeconomic hardship, undermined trust in governmental institutions and**\n**increased existing pressures for emigration** . Even before the explosion, the fallout of the economic crisis and the\npandemic had led to a significant increase in poverty and a shrinking middle class. Projections estimate that poverty\nrates have surged from 28% in 2019 to 55.3% in 2020, bringing the total number of poor Lebanese to about 2.7\nmillion. <sup>12</sup> These developments increase pressures for emigration, especially among the middle class. Such deprivations\nhave", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.21028971672058105, "start": 954, "end": 981, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:251", "surface": "survey conducted by the World Bank", "ctx": " 2019 to 55.3% in 2020, bringing the total number of poor Lebanese to about 2.7\nmillion. <sup>12</sup> These developments increase pressures for emigration, especially among the middle class. Such deprivations\nhave further degraded the relationship between people and the state. Grievances with the political system and\ndissatisfaction with the state\u2019s mismanagement of the economy and its entrenched corruption resulted in nationwide\nprotests in late 2019. Since, intermittent social unrest highlights the needs for a new social contract between citizens\nand the government. In a survey conducted by the World Bank among victims of the blast, the overwhelming majority\nof respondent\u2019s report having \u201cno trust at all\u201d in political parties, the Council for Development and Reconstruction, or\nmunicipalities. <sup>13</sup>\n\n\n6 Bank Byblos (February 2020) Lebanon This Week \u2018Lebanon\u2019s expats\u2019 remittances drop by 20% in H1 of 2020 in Xinhuanet.\n7 World Food Program (December 202) Lebanon, VAM Update of Food Price and Market Trends.\n8 <u>[https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/media/5616/file](https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/media/5616/file)</u>\n9 <u>[https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2020-key-findings-2020-vulnerability-assessment-syrian-refugees-lebanon](https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/vasyr-2020-key-findings-2020-vulnerability-assessment-syrian-refugees-lebanon)</u>\n10 <u>[https://migration.iom.int/reports/lebanon%E2%80%94-migrant", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.7619253993034363, "start": 605, "end": 636, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:252", "surface": "recent survey", "ctx": " intensifying drivers of GBV leading women to resort to risky measures for\nsurvival, including girls working in the streets or sex industry. <sup>15</sup> In losing their livelihoods, women are among the most\nvulnerable for food insecurity, with many becoming increasingly reliant on negative coping strategies such as skipping\nmeals and incurring debt. <sup>16</sup> Compounding matters, survivors of GBV experience difficulties in reporting incidents or\naccessing services due to the limited access to communication devices, lack of privacy, stigma, or the presence of\nperpetrators within the same household. Additionally, a recent survey revealed that the second most common form\n\n\n14 <mark>United Nations Population Fund, Gender Based Violence Annual Report 2020, UNFPA, Lebanon.</mark>\n15 <u>[https://aiw.lau.edu.lb/news-events/aiw-updates/the-aiw-statement-of-lebanon-tra.php](https://aiw.lau.edu.lb/news-events/aiw-updates/the-aiw-statement-of-lebanon-tra.php)</u> (ABAAD)\n16 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Lebanon \u2013 UN (PDF)\n\n\nJun 29, 2021 Page 5 of 17", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3550032079219818, "start": 655, "end": 665, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:253", "surface": "rapid assessment of male refugees from Syria", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nof GBV in the country was forced and early marriage of girls. <sup>17</sup> This risk may increase given ongoing pressures on many\nhousehold incomes.\n\n**10.** **GBV also affects men and boys, including within the refugee and migrant communities.** Some of these men and boys\nare at risk of being coerced into unwanted sexual acts or may be forced by circumstances to engage in survival sex. In\nconflict situations, men and boys, just as women and girls, are raped or subjected to other forms of sexual violence.\nIn a 2013 rapid assessment of male refugees from Syria (aged 12-24), 10.8 percent had experienced an incident of\nsexual harm or harassment in the previous three months, of which none had accessed support services. <sup>18</sup> Data in\nBeirut/Mount Lebanon indicates that in 2020, 21% of child sexual abuse survivors are boys under the age of 18 <sup>19</sup> .\n\n\n**11.** **The COVID-19 outbreak increased the risk of GBV, particularly after the first strict lockdown that had been put in**\n**place to prevent the spread of the virus.** This trend has been recorded worldwide in countries which enforced strict\nlockdowns. <sup>20</sup> Lebanese authorities reported a marked increase of 51% in the number of incoming calls to the GBV\nhotline related to domestic violence from February 2020 to October 2020. <sup>21</sup> During strict lockdowns, household\ntensions can spiral as families are confined to their homes with poor job security, causing stress, anxiety, and an\nenvironment where the likelihood of intimate partner violence can be heightened. The pandemic and ensuing\nlockdown", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5624637603759766, "start": 663, "end": 708, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:254", "surface": "Data in\nBeirut/Mount Lebanon", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nof GBV in the country was forced and early marriage of girls. <sup>17</sup> This risk may increase given ongoing pressures on many\nhousehold incomes.\n\n**10.** **GBV also affects men and boys, including within the refugee and migrant communities.** Some of these men and boys\nare at risk of being coerced into unwanted sexual acts or may be forced by circumstances to engage in survival sex. In\nconflict situations, men and boys, just as women and girls, are raped or subjected to other forms of sexual violence.\nIn a 2013 rapid assessment of male refugees from Syria (aged 12-24), 10.8 percent had experienced an incident of\nsexual harm or harassment in the previous three months, of which none had accessed support services. <sup>18</sup> Data in\nBeirut/Mount Lebanon indicates that in 2020, 21% of child sexual abuse survivors are boys under the age of 18 <sup>19</sup> .\n\n\n**11.** **The COVID-19 outbreak increased the risk of GBV, particularly after the first strict lockdown that had been put in**\n**place to prevent the spread of the virus.** This trend has been recorded worldwide in countries which enforced strict\nlockdowns. <sup>20</sup> Lebanese authorities reported a marked increase of 51% in the number of incoming calls to the GBV\nhotline related to domestic violence from February 2020 to October 2020. <sup>21</sup> During strict lockdowns, household\ntensions can spiral as families are confined to their homes with poor job security, causing stress, anxiety, and an\nenvironment where the likelihood of intimate partner violence can be heightened. The pandemic and ensuing\nlockdown", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.0812353566288948, "start": 893, "end": 914, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:255", "surface": "Gallup data", "ctx": ", primarily\nthrough its engagement with government under the LCRP. <sup>31</sup> Support to public institutions under the LCRP has\ncontinuously increased, since 2015, however, due to the multiple crises many of the positive gains made under the\nresponse are expected to be reversed. <sup>32</sup>\n\n**15.** **The legal framework for GBV in Lebanon presents shortcomings, inadequate remedies, and a narrow definition of**\n**gender-based violence.** <sup>**33**</sup> In December 2020, the Lebanese Parliament passed a law that further protects women and\nhousehold members from domestic abuse. While the passing of the law criminalizes sexual harassment and approved\namendments intended to strengthen the country\u2019s existing law on domestic violence, advocates say gaps remain both\nin the law and in how it is applied. <sup>34</sup>\n\n\n**Psycho-social wellbeing**\n**16.** **The amalgam of the different crises affecting Lebanon have had a dire effect on the psycho-social wellbeing of its**\n**population, where levels of stress, worry, and pain soared to record levels in 2019, even before the shocks of the**\n**COVID-19 pandemic and the POB explosion.** In 2019, Gallup data showed that Lebanese adults have experienced the\nmost emotional blow between 2018 and 2019 worldwide. Their Negative Experience Index rose 18 points, while their\nPositive Experience Index score dropped 12 points. <sup>35</sup> The percentage of Lebanese who experienced sadness more than\ndoubled, from 19% to 40%, and nearly twice as many were angry in 2019 (43%) compared to 2018 (23%). A national\nrepresentative survey in Lebanon conducted prior to the Syrian conflict showed that one in six people met criteria for", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6859306693077087, "start": 1248, "end": 1256, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:256", "surface": "national\nrepresentative survey in Lebanon", "ctx": ", primarily\nthrough its engagement with government under the LCRP. <sup>31</sup> Support to public institutions under the LCRP has\ncontinuously increased, since 2015, however, due to the multiple crises many of the positive gains made under the\nresponse are expected to be reversed. <sup>32</sup>\n\n**15.** **The legal framework for GBV in Lebanon presents shortcomings, inadequate remedies, and a narrow definition of**\n**gender-based violence.** <sup>**33**</sup> In December 2020, the Lebanese Parliament passed a law that further protects women and\nhousehold members from domestic abuse. While the passing of the law criminalizes sexual harassment and approved\namendments intended to strengthen the country\u2019s existing law on domestic violence, advocates say gaps remain both\nin the law and in how it is applied. <sup>34</sup>\n\n\n**Psycho-social wellbeing**\n**16.** **The amalgam of the different crises affecting Lebanon have had a dire effect on the psycho-social wellbeing of its**\n**population, where levels of stress, worry, and pain soared to record levels in 2019, even before the shocks of the**\n**COVID-19 pandemic and the POB explosion.** In 2019, Gallup data showed that Lebanese adults have experienced the\nmost emotional blow between 2018 and 2019 worldwide. Their Negative Experience Index rose 18 points, while their\nPositive Experience Index score dropped 12 points. <sup>35</sup> The percentage of Lebanese who experienced sadness more than\ndoubled, from 19% to 40%, and nearly twice as many were angry in 2019 (43%) compared to 2018 (23%). A national\nrepresentative survey in Lebanon conducted prior to the Syrian conflict showed that one in six people met criteria for", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1665, "end": 1688, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:257", "surface": "surveys undertaken since the blast", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\n**17.** **An exacerbating economic and political crisis, COVID-19 and the POB blast have further heightened negative**\n**feelings and experiences for many, particularly vulnerable people in Beirut.** Traumatizing events, loss, separation,\nfinancial struggles or drastic changes in social and living conditions are likely to lead to people experiencing several\ndistressing psychological reactions, which might have short or long-term impacts on people\u2019s mental health and\npsychosocial wellbeing. The explosion as well as its political and economic shockwaves have affected most families,\ntheir community structures, schools and workplaces, increased risks and exacerbated pre-existing vulnerabilities and\ninequalities. The results of several surveys undertaken since the blast have shown that a significant number of\nrespondents have experienced and continue to experience mental health issues. <sup>37</sup> Many refer to this as negatively\nimpacting on their personal well-being and their sense of social inclusion and connection to their families and\ncommunities.\n\n\n**18.** **The mental health sector in Lebanon has been undergoing a major reform, initiated by the National Mental Health**\n**Programme in 2015.** Progress has been made as shown by the external mid-term evaluation conducted in 2018, <sup>38</sup> for\nthe implementation of the National Mental Health and Substance Use Prevention, Promotion, and Treatment Strategy\n(2015-2020). <sup>39</sup> That being said, the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the severe economic crisis and the Beirut port blast\nsignificantly increased the toll on the mental health of the population and highlighted even more the need for scalable\nevidence-based mental health interventions. The inter-sectoral Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)\naction plan developed for", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.03575759008526802, "start": 888, "end": 928, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:258", "surface": "Rapid Needs Assessment", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nand structural vulnerabilities prior to the Beirut port explosion exacerbated the vulnerabilities of People with\nDisabilities and Older Persons. In fact, at the end of 2019, the Ministry of Social Affairs \u2013 which had previously delivered\nservices to people with disabilities \u2013 rescinded its support services due to budgetary shortages. In turn, civil society\npartners providing services to People with Disabilities and Older Persons recorded a significant increase in their\nLebanese caseload over the course of 2020. <sup>45</sup> In late May 2020, a Rapid Needs Assessment conducted by HelpAge\nInternational in Beirut identified that 68% of people aged 50 and above had at least one disability or impairment. <sup>46</sup>\nElderly women who live alone are particularly vulnerable, given their greater likelihood of not having access to savings,\npensions and other social protection instruments. <sup>47</sup>\n\n**21.** **The heightened needs of People with Disabilities and Older Persons** **during and after crises has been well-**\n**documented with strong evidence showing that these needs are often overlooked.** <sup>**48**</sup> In the immediate aftermath of\nthe blast, cash assistance and shelter support were identified as key areas for emergency support, while access to\nmedical supplies and services were identified as top priorities for People with Disabilities and Older Persons in the\nmedium to longer term. In a survey of a sample of residents of the POB area from all age groups, 34% reported that\ntheir family had difficulties accessing health services and 45% reported difficulties accessing medicines. <sup>49</sup> This was a\nparticular concern for 65% of older person-headed households who have a chronic disease that require medicine and\nare at a heightened risk of contracting CO", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8591400980949402, "start": 705, "end": 725, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:259", "surface": "survey of a sample of residents", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nSupport for Social Recovery Needs of Vulnerable Groups in Beirut (P176622)\n\n\nand structural vulnerabilities prior to the Beirut port explosion exacerbated the vulnerabilities of People with\nDisabilities and Older Persons. In fact, at the end of 2019, the Ministry of Social Affairs \u2013 which had previously delivered\nservices to people with disabilities \u2013 rescinded its support services due to budgetary shortages. In turn, civil society\npartners providing services to People with Disabilities and Older Persons recorded a significant increase in their\nLebanese caseload over the course of 2020. <sup>45</sup> In late May 2020, a Rapid Needs Assessment conducted by HelpAge\nInternational in Beirut identified that 68% of people aged 50 and above had at least one disability or impairment. <sup>46</sup>\nElderly women who live alone are particularly vulnerable, given their greater likelihood of not having access to savings,\npensions and other social protection instruments. <sup>47</sup>\n\n**21.** **The heightened needs of People with Disabilities and Older Persons** **during and after crises has been well-**\n**documented with strong evidence showing that these needs are often overlooked.** <sup>**48**</sup> In the immediate aftermath of\nthe blast, cash assistance and shelter support were identified as key areas for emergency support, while access to\nmedical supplies and services were identified as top priorities for People with Disabilities and Older Persons in the\nmedium to longer term. In a survey of a sample of residents of the POB area from all age groups, 34% reported that\ntheir family had difficulties accessing health services and 45% reported difficulties accessing medicines. <sup>49</sup> This was a\nparticular concern for 65% of older person-headed households who have a chronic disease that require medicine and\nare at a heightened risk of contracting CO", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.08209387212991714, "start": 1590, "end": 1637, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:260", "surface": "FY21 FCS list", "ctx": " and to the local context, and to make its instruments\nmore agile, flexible, and FCV-sensitive. Its four key areas of engagement \u2013 preventing violent conflicts and\ninterpersonal violence; remaining engaged in crisis situations and active conflicts; helping countries escape the\nfragility trap and strengthen the social contract; and mitigating the spillovers of FCV on the most vulnerable\ncommunities \u2013 are all relevant for the context of Lebanon, a country classified by the World Bank\u2019s FY21 FCS list as a\nsituation of high institutional and social fragility. Moreover, the implementation of this project follows the strategy\u2019s\noperational measures, specifically those concerning building partnerships with different local and international actors\nand strengthening the engagement with local CSOs (measures 15 to 18).\n\n**27.** **The project is in line with the priority interventions proposed by the Reform, Recovery, and Reconstruction**\n**Framework (3RF) for Lebanon** . This project responds to the 3RF\u2019s third strategic pillar on social protection, inclusion\nand culture. It does so by targeting the most vulnerable populations in Beirut who continue to be impacted by the\ncomplex corollaries of the POB explosion. In addition, the proposed activities are also complementary to the recently\napproved Lebanon Emergency Crisis and COVID-19 Response Social Safety Nets Project (ESSN).\n\n\n**C. Proposed Development Objective(s)**\n\n\n**Note to Task Teams:** The PDO has been pre-populated from the datasheet for the first time for your convenience.\nPlease keep it up to date whenever it is changed in the datasheet. **_Please delete this note when finalizing the_**\n**_document._**\n\n\n**28.** To support the immediate social recovery needs of vulnerable groups who remain impacted by the port of Beirut\nexplosion. This will be done by supporting non-government stakeholders that are engaged and have a track record in\nsocial recovery services", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.13381895422935486, "start": 503, "end": 520, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:261", "surface": "PROJECT FINANCING DATA", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nThe Skilling Up Lebanon (SUL) Project\n\n\n**BASIC INFORMATION**\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|A. Basic Project Data|Col2|Col3|Col4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Project ID<br>P176444|Parent Project ID (if any)|Environmental and<br>Social Risk<br>Classification<br>Low|Project Name<br>The Skilling Up Lebanon (SUL)<br>Project|\n|Region<br>MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH<br>AFRICA|Country<br>Lebanon|Date PID Prepared<br>12-Mar-2021|Estimated Date of Approval|\n|Financing Instrument<br>Investment Project<br>Financing|Borrower(s)<br>Beirut Digital District (BDD)<br>Talent Development Hub|Implementing Agency<br>Beirut Digital District<br>(BDD) Talent<br>Development Hub||\n\n\n\n**PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions)**\n\n\n**SUMMARY-NewFin1**\n\n|Total Project Cost|0.35|\n|---|---|\n|**Total Financing**|0.35|\n|**Financing Gap**|0.00|\n\n\n\n**DETAILS-NewFinEnh1**\n\n|Non-World Bank Group Financing|Col2|\n|---|---|\n|Trust Funds<br>|0.35|\n|Lebanon Syrian Crisis Trust Fund|0.35|\n\n\n\n**B. Introduction and Context**\nCountry Context\n_Advancements in technologies will continue to have an increasingly significant impact on jobs in the coming_\n_years and decades_ . According", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.025310618802905083, "start": 800, "end": 860, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:262", "surface": "LinkedIn", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nThe Skilling Up Lebanon (SUL) Project\n\n\nexample, LinkedIn revealed the skills that are mostly in demand by employers relate to: cloud and distributed\ncomputing, statistical analysis and data mining, middleware and integration software, web architecture, user\ninterface design, etc.[1] In addition, the changing nature of work significantly raises the expectation of having\nmultiple careers which requires continuous, lifelong learning.\n\n\n_The lockdown period due to COVID-19 health crisis accelerated and showcased the importance of_\n_digitalization and digital transformation._ Although social distancing, lockdowns and temporary closure of\nstores has led to dramatic impact on firms, at the same time, it led to a sharp increase in online and delivery\nservices. Firms that had higher level of digital engagement were more resilient and were able to shift\nsmoothly their operations and adapt to the new reality. Some businesses are now working remotely by\nleveraging e-commerce platforms, particularly for food and grocery shopping. Similarly, educational\nplatforms have risen considerably given the closure of all schools and universities nationwide. Thus, firms\u2019\ntransitioning to new digital business models could help mitigate the impact of the outbreak and keep their\noperations running smoothly in the short term and improve productivity over the long term. The COVID-19\nlockdown derived some lessons and can serve as the catalyst for greater reliance upon digital platforms and\nservices. Now, more than ever, all workers, including those in vulnerable communities, will need to learn new\ndigital skills to remain or rejoin the workforce as demand for tech-enabled, digital economic opportunities\nwill continue to rise.\n\n\n_As such and as the crisis response will eventually shift toward the recovery stage, it is important for the_\n_government to provide the foundation for a digital economy that would support firms and get them ready to_\n_adjust to what may be a rapidly evolving external environment._ The government should urgently lay the\nfoundation for the government\u2019s digital transformation as well", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.5670307874679565, "start": 86, "end": 89, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:263", "surface": "Human Capital Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nThe Skilling Up Lebanon (SUL) Project\n\n\nResults of the recently launched Human Capital Index, which is a measure of human productivity, showed\nlow results, mostly driven by low quality of education outcomes. In Lebanon, a child born today will only be\n54 percent as productive as she could be had she had complete education and full health. Also, the lack of\ngood quality work experience today undermines future job prospects and lowers future growth potential.\nWithout the right skills sets, youth can become marginalized, disappointed and frustrated - characteristics\nwhich can contribute to social unrest.\n\n\n_In addition, and even before the October 2019 revolution and multiple crises that followed (including the_\n_Beirut Explosion on Aug 4, 2020 and its impact of the private sector), the Syrian refugee crisis has had a_\n_significant impact on the local labor market, with youth bearing the brunt._ The influx of refugees has resulted\nin a large increase in labor supply in Lebanon, with negative impacts concentrated in lagging regions \u2013\nespecially in the North and Bekaa \u2013 which already faced poor labor market outcomes. Labor market\nprospects for Lebanese youth have been particularly hard hit, as they are more likely to compete, both\nsectorally and occupationally, with Syrian refugees in the labor market. They are also likely to be\nconcentrated in sectors (tourism and trade), where growth is most impacted by the multiple crises.[1] A 2013\nWorld Bank report on the analysis of the impact of Syrian refugees in Lebanon[2] shows that areas with high\nrefugee influx, which coincide with economically lagging regions have witnessed a sharp unemployment\nincrease among young Lebanese men, from 10 percent in 2010 to 36 percent in 2015. Forty-four percent of\nLebanese host community households cited competition for jobs as the biggest factor driving community\ntensions[3]. Creating more jobs in the economy or improving access to the economic opportunities that exist,\nis critical for addressing the", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.8854013681411743, "start": 106, "end": 121, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:264", "surface": "final national accounts", "ctx": "8 percent on average from 1993 to 2015, the volatility around that average\nwas large at 3.7 percent (one standard deviation). The services sector\u2014historically a key growth driver <sup>2</sup>\n\u2014has been severely impacted by the Syria conflict and has contributed significantly to Lebanon\u2019s low\ngrowth in recent years. Tumbling growth since 2011 and the large fiscal burden associated with Syrian\nrefugees\u2019 access to public services and infrastructure have pushed the debt\u2010to\u2010GDP ratio higher again\n(around 140 percent as of end\u20102015), resulting in a marked deterioration of the country\u2019s macroeconomic\nenvironment. Meanwhile, the growth outlook remains subdued given the ongoing conflict in Syria and the\ndomestic political impasse. The World Bank projects real growth between 2 to 2.5 yearly over the medium\nterm.\n\n\n3. **Lebanon faces stark and pressing development challenges, however, the reform efforts to**\n**improve the quality of institutions and promote growth have been limited.** The difficulty in reaching\nconsensus in Lebanon delays decision\u2010making processes and leaves Lebanon vulnerable to external\ninfluences. This has left important economic reforms and projects unaddressed, and has resulted in\nmissed reform opportunities especially since in many cases the technical solutions are well known. This is\nclearly visible in the deteriorating infrastructure sectors, the poor quality of public institutions and service\ndelivery, and a challenging macroeconomic environment.\n\n\n4. **Lebanon\u2019s pressing reform and development needs are particularly evident in its very poor**\n**infrastructure which represents a key constraint to growth.** Despite being an upper middle\u2010income\ncountry, Lebanon\u2019s infrastructure is in a very bad condition. According to the World Economic Forum\u2019s\n\n\n1 The World Bank Group. Lebanon Country Partnership Framework (CPF). 2016.\n2 Between 1997 and 2011\u2014latest utilized final national accounts\u2014the services sector accounted for an average of 74 percent of\nreal GDP.\n\n\nPage 10 of 90", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 2017, "end": 2017, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:265", "surface": "Global Competitiveness Index", "ctx": ". As the influx of Syrian\nrefugees continues to increase, the capacity of the existing and decaying infrastructure will no longer be\nsufficient to meet the excess demand, and urgent public investments will be needed \u2013 imposing further\nand potentially substantial burdens on Lebanon\u2019s already stretched public finances. In the road sector\nalone, the investment needs to cope with the influx of Syrian refugees are estimated at about US$50\nmillion per year for road rehabilitation and road capacity increase.\n\n\n3 World Economic Forum. Global Competitiveness Index 2014/2015.\n4 UNHCR refers to 1 million registered Syrian refugees in Lebanon, however, there are many Syrians in Lebanon who have not\nregistered as refugees, bringing the estimated number of total Syrians in Lebanon to about 1.5 million.\n5 The World Bank. Lebanon Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Syrian Conflict. 2013.\n\n\nPage 11 of 90", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6273744702339172, "start": 588, "end": 600, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:266", "surface": "survey of road conditions", "ctx": " and unemployed Lebanese and Syrians has a significant negative\nsocial, economic, and security impacts that could further destabilize the country. The Government of\nLebanon\u2019s (GOL) strategy is to rapidly increase its public investments in key sectors, particularly the\ninfrastructure sectors, to stimulate the economy and create jobs while also meeting its longer\u2010term\ndevelopment needs therefore ensuring the sustainability of these investments. The GOL has therefore put\nin place a priority investment program of about US$2.5 billion primarily focused on the infrastructure\nsectors, especially energy and transport. The transport sector\u2019s share of the program is about US$1 billion,\nof which about US$510 million for improving the main road network given its bad condition and its high\nimportance for the development of regions and local economies, and for the rapid creation of jobs.\n\n\n**B. Sectoral and Institutional Context**\n\n\n9. **The road network in Lebanon is generally in poor condition due to years of underinvestment**\n**and inefficient spending.** The Lebanese road network consists of a total of about 21,705 km of roads. The\nmain (or national) road network consists of about 6,380 km of mostly paved roads classified as: (a)\nInternational Roads (529 km), (b) Primary Roads (1,673 km), (c) Secondary Roads (1,367 km), and (d)\nInternal Roads (2,811 km). Municipal and other local roads are also mostly paved and represent the\nremaining 15,325 km of the Lebanese road network. While there is no accurate survey of road conditions\n(the last survey was done in 2000) the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (MPWT) estimates that\nabout 15 percent of the main network is in good condition, 50 percent in fair condition, and 35 percent in\npoor condition. The condition of the road network is hindering local economic development particularly\nin rural and lagging regions where", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.20749637484550476, "start": 1600, "end": 1626, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:267", "surface": "actual road\ncontracts", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\nagriculture from these restrictions therefore allowing Syrians to work in these three sectors. The above\ndecision confirms a situation that pre\u2010existed the Syria crisis, and which continues today, where Syrians\nrepresent a large part of the workforce in the three above\u2010mentioned sectors.\n\n\n21. **A US$100 million investment in road works is expected to create 500,000 to 750,000 labor\u2010days**\n**of direct short\u2010term jobs for Lebanese host communities and Syrian refugees in Lebanon.** An ongoing\njoint World Bank\u2010ILO assessment estimates that about 500,000 labor\u2010days of short\u2010term direct jobs are\ncreated for every US$100 million invested in roads. These figures were estimated based on actual road\ncontracts within the Greater Beirut region. A similar road investment in rural areas, where wages and cost\nof living are lower, is expected to create a higher number of jobs in the range of 750,000 labor\u2010days. In\naddition, and while difficult to estimate with confidence, about 100,000 to 500,000 labor\u2010days of indirect\nand induced jobs will also be created (production of construction materials at local shops and factories,\ntransportation of materials, maintenance of equipment). While having very high labor\u2010intensive projects\nis difficult in an upper middle\u2010income country like Lebanon given existing modern construction practices,\nthe labor content of construction projects in Lebanon could be increased if additional necessary civil works\nsuch as culverts and drainage, retaining walls, and sidewalks are included. Meanwhile, routine\nmaintenance have the highest labor content for road works and is essential to increase the durability and\nefficiency of roads investments. An important dimension for job creation programs, especially in the\nemergency context, is to execute projects in a relatively short period of time therefore benefiting more\npeople (a form of \u201ccash transfer\u201d involving more beneficiaries) rather than creating fewer permanent jobs\nover a", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.17343391478061676, "start": 806, "end": 829, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:268", "surface": "visual survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\n54. **The project implementation entity is CDR that will coordinate with relevant government**\n**agencies.** This is a national project executed at the central level, and all technical, fiduciary, safeguards,\nand monitoring aspects will be executed directly by CDR, therefore avoiding the complication of multiple\nagencies\u2019 implementation. CDR has a long and well established cooperation with the World Bank and\nother donors, and its performance at project implementation has been generally satisfactory. CDR will\nensure coordination with the relevant government agencies, particularly MPWT, regarding roads\npriorities, technical aspects, and project\u2019s requirements. The selection of priority roads for the program\nwill be undertaken in consultation with the MPWT based on the results of the visual survey and the agreed\ncriteria. MPWT will also identify and submit its needs for emergency equipment and the desired technical\nspecifications to CDR that will undertake the procurement of such equipment. Meanwhile, the SNRSC will\nbe the technical lead agency on road safety aspects and the SNRSC will inform CDR about its capacity\nbuilding needs and will draft and review terms of reference for the required services, with Bank support,\nbefore CDR proceeds with the procurement of such services. The road asset management system and its\nsupporting consultancy services will be procured by CDR and will be installed within both CDR and MPWT.\nThe project will include capacity building of MPWT and CDR staff on the utilization of the new road asset\nmanagement system, therefore reinforcing project\u2019s sustainability. CDR will therefore be the project\nimplementing agency, and will coordinate with MPWT and SNRSC on various technical aspects as required.\n\n\n**B. Results Monitoring and Evaluation**\n\n\n55. **Project monitoring and verification will be undertaken by the implementing agency to ensure**\n**the project is being implemented in line with the proposed objectives and is on track to achieve**\n**expected results.**", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.059200942516326904, "start": 915, "end": 925, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:269", "surface": "Bank implementation status and results reports", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\ncontractors.\n\n\n57. **The monitoring of results during implementation will include disaggregation of select indicators**\n**by region, type of roads and associated works, gender, and nationality.** The results framework include\nkey project indicators to monitor project implementation success. It is designed to guarantee\neffectiveness in the measurement of key project outcomes and outputs based on simple and measurable\nindicators. Nevertheless, the monitoring of the project during implementation will include, through the\nimplementing agency\u2019s reports and the Bank implementation status and results reports (ISRs), further\ninformation and disaggregation of some indicators by regions, nationality and gender, and the extent and\ntype of road works, among others. All workers will be identified either through a form of ID or through\ntheir work permit numbers. Their work will be monitored using standard monitoring tools (daily time\nsheets that are filled, aggregated and logged into in a system every week by an onsite project supervisor,\nwhich will be then reviewed by the contractor\u2019s main offsite office). The implementing agency will ensure\nthe overall quality control and monitoring through a dedicated Project Implementation Unit (PIU) staff\nsupported by the project supervision consulting firm, that will visit project sites regularly and will ensure\nthat reporting requirements (monthly technical and financial reports) are met by the contractor. A\nGrievance and Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be developed for the project, to ensure that any complaint\nis identified and handled properly, and to address possible tensions and feelings of exclusion.\n\n\n58. **The project implementation manual (PIM) will detail information on project targeting and on**\n**project monitoring.** The PIM will include information on targeting, benefit levels, project selection, and\nworksite supervision. In addition, and to ensure high quality implementation, periodic spot checks of\nworks sites will be conducted to ensure that subprojects are being implemented consistently,", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.045854851603507996, "start": 697, "end": 737, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:270", "surface": "International Roughness Index", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\nthe project investment value. Given that the selection of road sections is not yet finalized, the analysis\nconsidered typical road sections per road category (primary, secondary, and tertiary). For each road\ncategory, unit costs and type of works (reconstruction, overlay, drainage, and so on) were provided, as\nwell as the average condition index (International Roughness Index [IRI]), and traffic volume and\ncomposition. The economic analysis was done with a 6 percent discount rate and a 25\u2010year evaluation\nperiod, in line with the Bank\u2019s guidance. The cost\u2010benefit analysis compared a do minimum scenario to\nthe following two project scenarios: (a) applying periodic maintenance (6 cm overlay) on a project road,\nor (b) partially reconstructing a project road (assuming around 30 percent of road length requires full\nreconstruction and remaining 70 percent requires only overlay). Both project alternatives include annual\nroutine maintenance and future periodic maintenance in the form of placing an overlay every 10 years.\n\n\n65. **The results of the analysis show strong net economic benefits under various scenarios that are**\n**robust to variations in project costs and benefits.** The economic cost\u2010benefit analysis of the proposed\nroad works yielded an Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) higher than 6 percent for all project\nalternatives, indicating they all are economically justified (table 6). The partial reconstruction option yields\nthe highest net present value (NPV) for all road classes and compares favorably in the incremental IERR\nanalysis, and thus is the preferred project alternative. This indicates that doing periodic maintenance\n(overlays) on bad roads with structural problems, while economically justified, is not the preferred\neconomical option nor a good practice. The project alternative of partial reconstruction yields a total\nproject NPV of US$407 million, at a 6 percent discount rate, and an EIR", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.31128790974617004, "start": 451, "end": 482, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:271", "surface": "project\nimplementation progress report", "ctx": " concerns of possible tensions and feelings of exclusion and\ncomplaints and seek remedies when they believe they have been harmed by the project. An effective and\nresponsive mechanism also facilitates project progress by reducing the risk that unaddressed complaints\neventually lead to construction delays, lengthy court procedures, or adverse public attention. The final\ndesign of the GRM will be developed during the course of project implementation in consultation with\nrelevant stakeholders to ensure its relevance and ease of use. However, a designated social development\nofficer will be assigned in PIU to be responsible for receiving and recording receipt of each complaint,\nwhether received orally or in writing (the contact information of the person will be made publicly available\nbefore commencement of project implementation). The social development officer will direct the\nfeedback received to the appropriate entity (contractor, department within CDR, municipality, and so on)\nfor its resolution. At the same time, the officer will send written communication to the feedback provider\nindicating the expected timing of resolution. Grievances are expected to be addressed within a month\nunless under exceptional circumstances. The PIU\u2019s social development officer will report to the PIU\ndirector on the number and subject of complaints received, and the status of complaints, if any, that\nremain under resolution. Each semester the PIU will aggregate information received into the project\nimplementation progress report, indicating the number and subject of complaints. The progress report\nalso provides up\u2010to\u2010date information on the number and subject of complaints that have been resolved,\nand the manner in which they have been resolved. This information will be shared with the Bank.\n\n\n83. **Public consultations will be held as part of the preparation of the safeguards instruments.** The\nproject will engage citizens in project areas during the preparation of the social assessment that will form\npart of the project\u2019s ESMF and is also being used in preparation of the PIM. The consultations will be held\nwith members of different social groups separately (Lebanese, Syrians, men", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.14450372755527496, "start": 1607, "end": 1641, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:272", "surface": "road condition survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\nlarger group of people, or people who are more vulnerable within a specific geographic region.\n\n\n84. **The project will ensure citizen engagement through multiple instruments.** First, the project will\nensure local participation in the selection of road priorities, and a simple questionnaire will be addressed\nby CDR to all union of municipalities to consult with them on their priorities with regard to the\nrehabilitation of national roads crossing their respective towns/districts. The list of priority roads\nidentified by municipalities will be checked against the results of the road condition survey and will be\nconsidered for selection under the project if justified on sound technical and economic basis. Second, the\nproject will measure citizens\u2019 satisfaction with the implemented projects through a survey to assess the\nlevel of satisfaction of beneficiaries from the implemented projects; and third, the GRM will allow citizens\nto directly voice concerns or grievances to the implementing agency and ensure that these concerns are\nresponded to and addressed in a timely manner.\n\n\n85. **The project will particularly encourage broader participation and benefits for women.** The\nconsultations will engage women in discussions on the types of jobs in construction or related supporting\nsectors they could most benefit from. Specific arrangements will also be made for women to be able to\ntake on work directly and indirectly linked to the project activities. It is important to note, however, that\namong some social groups in Lebanon, including large segments of the refugee population, women\u2019s\nengagement in construction\u2010related labor is not encouraged according to social and cultural norms.\nChanging these norms goes beyond the scope of the project, but these norms could in fact change due to\nmeasures put in place to encourage women\u2019s labor, if these measures are determined by women\nthemselves. The project will also track the differential impacts of its activities on men and women. Results\nwill be disaggregated by gender whenever feasible and reporting will look at whether gender gaps narrow\nthroughout", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.05730229243636131, "start": 693, "end": 712, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:273", "surface": "Data on women\u2019s participation\nand benefits", "ctx": " to encourage women\u2019s labor, if these measures are determined by women\nthemselves. The project will also track the differential impacts of its activities on men and women. Results\nwill be disaggregated by gender whenever feasible and reporting will look at whether gender gaps narrow\nthroughout project implementation. During the midterm review, gender gaps within the project will be\nanalyzed and activities to further address gender issues will be put in place. Data on women\u2019s participation\nand benefits from this project will be widely shared so that information can be used by other donors and\nagencies supporting the transport sector or otherwise aiming to promote gender equality in Lebanon.\n\n\n**F. Environment (including Safeguards)**\n\n\n86. **A SAP was prepared in accordance with the Bank policy (paragraph 12, OP10.00).** The project is\nclassified as environmental category \u201cB\u201d, in accordance with OP 4.01. Recognizing the need for providing\nurgent assistance, while at the same time ensuring due diligence in managing potential environmental\nand social risks, the SAP is based on the following principles (see annex 4):\n\n\n1. The proposed operation will support multiple components, all within the transport sector,\nthe detailed designs of which were not known at the stage of combined preparation and\nappraisal mission.\n\n\n2. To ensure effective application of the World Bank\u2019s safeguard policies, the SAP provides\nguidance on the approach to be taken during project implementation for the selection and\n\n\nPage 41 of 90", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.6510950326919556, "start": 480, "end": 529, "band": "keep", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:274", "surface": "preliminary environmental information", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\ndesign of subprojects and the planning of mitigation measures;\n\n\n3. The proposed emergency operation will finance feasibility and detailed design studies for\nthese investments, which will include environmental assessments required by World Bank\u2019s\nsafeguard policies.\n\n\n87. Consultation and disclosure requirements will be simplified to meet the special needs of these\noperations. This SAP is subject to public disclosure as part of the PAD. In addition, it will be disclosed both\nin\u2010country (in the appropriate communication channels and CDR Webpage) as well as at the World Bank\nInfoShop.\n\n\n88. **The project is not expected to have significant negative impacts on the environment** . The\nnegative impacts anticipated for the project activities are minor and of temporary nature during the\nconstruction phase, including dust, noise, waste generation, disruption to traffic and movement, damages\nto existing utilities, and easily mitigated by the site specific ESMPs. Mitigation at construction stage will\ntake place as part of the contracts for civil works which will require contractors to undertake impact\nmitigation according to the ESMPs. Lebanese regulations on EIA include a tool only for pre\u2010assessment of\nprojects based on preliminary environmental information. The provisions of the national laws on EIA will\nbe complemented by those of the World Bank\u2019s OP 4.01.\n\n\n**G. Other Safeguard Policies**\n\n\n89. No other safeguard policies are triggered for the project.\n\n\n**H. World Bank Grievance Redress**\n\n\nCommunities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a World Bank (WB) supported project\nmay submit complaints to existing project\u2010level grievance redress mechanisms or the WB\u2019s Grievance Redress Service\n(GRS). The GRS ensures that complaints received are promptly reviewed in order to address project\u2010related concerns.\nProject affected communities and individuals may submit their complaint to the WB\u2019s independent Inspection Panel\nwhich determines whether harm occurred, or could occur", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.14031024277210236, "start": 1407, "end": 1423, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:275", "surface": "road condition visual survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Sidewalks|25|High as most material locally produced|\n|---|---|---|\n|Masonry\u00a0Wall<br>|40|**High** as\u00a0most\u00a0material\u00a0locally\u00a0produced|\n|Routine<br>Maintenance|60|**High** as\u00a0most\u00a0equipment/material\u00a0locally<br>available|\n|Planting<br>trees/vegetation|75|**High** as\u00a0most\u00a0material\u00a0locally\u00a0produced|\n\n\n\n7. Targeted roads will be selected from a long priority list that will be finalized following the ongoing\nroad condition visual survey. Candidate road subprojects will be screened, and subjected to\nenvironmental, social and economic analysis on the basis of procedures established under the project.\nThe project will be part of a nationwide program, parallel financed by other donors with the Bank\nbeing the major donor, and the targeted roads may be located in any part of the Lebanese national\nroad network.\n\n\n8. This component will also finance the piloting of an innovative type of multi\u2010year routine maintenance\ncontracts (two to three years per contract) to be undertaken by small local contractors on a select\nnumber of the newly rehabilitated road sections, estimated at a total of about **US$15 million,** and is\ndesigned to help the Lebanese government remedy the current weaknesses in the management of\nroad maintenance and to increase the durability and efficiency of road investments. Component 1 of\nthe project will also include **US$12 million** as price contingencies.\n\n\n9. Component 1 will also finance consultancy services for the design and construction supervision of\nroad subprojects. The estimated cost of these services, which will be provided primarily by local\nconsultants is estimated at **US$8 million** . Under the project, an important", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.09072507917881012, "start": 623, "end": 654, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:276", "surface": "road safety fatality and injury statistics", "ctx": "\nsafety, and traffic counts on select road sections), and the revision of design and maintenance\nstandards to reflect changing climate conditions, particularly related to drainage and slope\nstabilization. This subcomponent will also finance the preparation of routine maintenance manual for\nsmall contractors, and bidding documents and training on performance\u2010based contracts for road\nmaintenance. This subcomponent could benefit at later stages from additional support from disaster\nrisk management and climate adaptation funds.\n\n\n16. **Subcomponent 2.** Support the planning and implementation of road safety measures (US$2 million).\nThis subcomponent will benefit the Secretariat of the NRSC and will primarily finance the elaboration\nof a national strategy and action plan on road safety, as well as the implementation of select priority\nroad safety measures in collaboration with other interested parties. This subcomponent could benefit\nat later stages from grants from the GRSF and/or other interested donors.\n\n\n17. It is important to note that Lebanon has one of the worst road safety records globally, and that road\nsafety fatalities and injuries continue to rise. This has been affecting both Lebanese host communities\nand the Syrian refugees as evidenced in the road safety fatality and injury statistics prepared by the\nLebanese traffic police (see table 1.5 below), which remain underreported compared to WHO and\nWorld Bank estimates, given differing methodologies for accounting for road safety fatalities and\ninjuries.\n\n\n18. **Subcomponent 3.** Support planning and design studies (US$2 million). This subcomponent will finance\nCDR studies to prepare the required planning and design studies for critical transport projects\nidentified as priorities by the Lebanese governments.\n\n\nPage 54 of 90", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.3669872283935547, "start": 1367, "end": 1414, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:277", "surface": "Road Safety Fatalities and Injuries in Lebanon", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\n19. **Subcomponent 4.** Support training activities (US$0.5 million). This subcomponent will support\ntraining activities to build the technical skills of MPWT and CDR staff, as well as workers and small\ncontractors. It will support training on soft skills as well as technical skills related to the work to be\ncarried out at selected project sites. In particular, this subcomponent will also support the training of\nsmall local contractors and their workers on proper routine maintenance requirements and\ntechniques, environmental and social aspects, and health and safety aspects. The implementation of\nthis subcomponent could be in collaboration with other interested donors such as the ILO. This\nsubcomponent could benefit from grants from interested donors. A technical supervision manual for\nCDR and MPWT regional offices will be prepared to improve their monitoring and supervision efforts\nof road condition.\n\n\n20. **Subcomponent 5.** Support for Project Implementation (US$1 million). This subcomponent will finance\nthe hiring of required experts by the implementing agency (CDR) to properly undertake the\nimplementation and monitoring of the project.\n\n\n**Table 1.5. Road Safety Fatalities and Injuries in Lebanon** <sup>**16**</sup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n|Year|Total<br>Number of<br>Fatalities|Number of<br>Syrian<br>fatalities|Percentage of<br>Syrian<br>Fatalities|Total<br>Number of<br>Injuries|Number of<br>Syrian<br>Injuries|Percentage of<br>Syrian Injuries|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|2011|508|52|10.2|6050|418|", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1584, "end": 1584, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:278", "surface": "visual survey", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\n**ANNEX 2: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS**\n\n\n**COUNTRY : Lebanon**\n**Roads and Employment Project**\n\n**Project Institutional and Implementation Arrangements**\n\n\n1. The project implementation entity is CDR. All technical, fiduciary, safeguards, and monitoring\naspects will be executed directly by CDR therefore avoiding the complication of multiple agencies\u2019\nimplementation. CDR has a long and well established cooperation with the World Bank and other\ndonors, and its performance at project implementation has been generally satisfactory. CDR will,\nhowever, ensure coordination with the relevant government agencies, particularly the MPWT,\nregarding the priorities, technical aspects, and project requirements. The selection of priority\nroads for the project will be undertaken in consultation with MPWT based on the results of the\nvisual survey and the agreed criteria. MPWT will also identify and submit its needs for emergency\nequipment and desired technical specifications to CDR who will undertake the procurement of\nsuch equipment. The SNRSC will inform CDR about its capacity building needs and will draft and\nreview terms of Reference for the required services, with Bank support, before CDR proceeds with\nthe procurement of such services. The same road asset management system will also be installed\nwithin both CDR and MPWT and will involve the joint participation and training of MPWT and CDR\nstaff on the utilization of the new system, therefore reinforcing sustainability given both MPWT\nand CDR active responsibilities in the road sector in Lebanon.\n\n\n2. To ensure further coordination and capacity building, two road engineers from MPWT (one from\nplanning and one from maintenance) will be primarily dedicated to support CDR in the\nimplementation of the project, providing day\u2010to\u2010day on\u2010the\u2010job learning. The project will also\nfund one road engineer, through the PIU, who will be housed within MPWT working with the\nGeneral Director for Roads and Buildings. World Bank experts", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.09680716693401337, "start": 968, "end": 977, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:279", "surface": "asset lists", "ctx": "**The World Bank**\nRoads and Employment Project (P160223)\n\n\nhas a functional unit undertaking FM responsibilities, including funds flow management,\naccounting, reporting, and facilitating an acceptable external audit. CDR\u2019s external auditor will\nconduct the audit of the World Bank\u2010financed projects. Nevertheless, the key FM issue for CDR is\nthe lack of proper maintenance of asset lists (UTDP project had these issues) and the delay in\nsubmission of timely audit reports.\n\n\n5. Thus, to mitigate FM\u2010related risks CDR will ensure that the assets module of its accounting\nsoftware is well operationalized and is able to capture the work in progress and the assets\nacquired under the project, will recruit an acceptable external auditor in the early stages of the\nproject to enable constant audit compliance, and a Project Implementation Manual is being\nprepared, including a FM chapter that will detail the FM arrangements to be established for\ncarrying out the project FM implementation and defining the roles and responsibilities. The FM\nchapter will include a detailed description of the process for expropriation and resettlement.\n\n\n6. **Staffing.** The existing CDR FO has adequate experience in managing World Bank\u2010financed projects\nand will thus manage the project FM arrangements. This FO will be supervised by the Head of\nFunding Division at CDR.\n\n\n7. **Project Accounting Software.** CDR has in place customized accounting software that has been\nused for the FM implementation of the World Bank financed projects and can be used to record\nproject\u2019s accounting transactions and generate the project\u2019s Interim Unaudited Financial Reports\n(IUFRs). The FM team within the CDR PIU headed by the CDR Head of Funding Division will be\nresponsible for accurate and complete recording of the daily transactions in the accounting\nsystem and ensuring that the required project IUFRs are generated automatically from the\nsystem.\n\n\n8. **Budgeting.** The loan will be issued through a law, allowing for the World Bank to include", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.209077849984169, "start": 407, "end": 420, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:280", "surface": "Implementation Completion and Results Report of UTDP", "ctx": " has remained entirely centralized, with the Central Tender\nBureau in the General Inspection, being in charge of public procurement. CDR constitutes an\nexception to the Public Accounting Law of 1963. Since its establishment in 1977 as a legally and\nfinancially autonomous state agency, CDR has operated under special procurement regulations.\nThis was formalized in 1980 through a decree covering CDR\u2019s financial and accounting\ntransactions assigned to CDR by the Minister of Finance. CDR is permitted by the decree to\nestablish its own financial, accounting and procurement regulations. However, the procurement\nmethods adopted by CDR are similar to the ones in the country\u2019s general procurement framework.\nCDR has managed to follow international financiers\u2019 procurement guidelines to handle the Bank\u2010\nfinanced projects.\n\n\n26. **The implementing agency has a good past experience in internationally funded projects.** CDR\nhas extensive experience in implementing donors\u2019 funding (EU, IBRD, EIB _,_ and so on). CDR has\nproven that it is capable of handling large and complex projects. The institution has adopted a\nstrong matrix organization project management capacity by delegating the responsibility of each\nproject to a team headed by an experienced manager, who deals with all aspects of project and\ncontract management. CDR also has a unit for monitoring and evaluation. The project will be\nimplemented through a PIU similarly to the implementation scheme observed for the UTDP closed\non December 31, 2015. CDR has a solid management structure and is staffed with adequate and\nexperienced procurement and technical specialists as required by the project design. Additional\nspecialists will be hired in the PIU as needed. Diligence is also observed in record keeping and\nquality of evaluation. The procurement processing and contract management was rated\nsatisfactory, and the Implementation Completion and Results Report of UTDP rated the\n\n\nPage 60 of 90", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": null, "start": 1960, "end": 1960, "band": "unscored", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:281", "surface": "land\nrecord systems", "ctx": " sub\u2010\nproject level instruments that will be necessary to cover both social and environmental aspects,\nincluding ESIAs for project activities if determined necessary, and ESMPs. Additional measures will\nsupport the implementation, monitoring, and compliance to the ESMF, including; (a) annual\nfiduciary audits/post\u2010review of a subset of sub\u2010projects with respect to design and\nimplementation of site specific ESMPs, and (b) project implementation support missions by the\nBank will include social and environmental implementation expertise to support client during the\nentire project cycle.\n\n\n40. **OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement.** The need for involuntary resettlement or land acquisition in\nspecific project areas, while minimal if any, will only be known during project implementation,\nwhen site\u2010specific plans are available. Therefore, project activities will be screened for\napplicability of the resettlement policy and any activities involving involuntary resettlement or\nland acquisition will only be approved after preparation of a resettlement plan acceptable to the\nBank. Several issues will increase the complexity of land acquisition \u2010 the lack of reliable land\nrecord systems, and the inability of people losing land to either document ownership or be\nphysically present to make their claims for eligibility. The safeguards framework will therefore\ninclude procedures for identifying eligible project\u2010affected people, calculating and delivering\ncompensation, and mechanisms for land dispute grievance redress.\n\n\n41. OP 4.12 covers those persons displaced by the project activities. Given the current refugee crisis\nand possible land disputes between residents and to ensure effective poverty reduction, CDR will\nundertake a social assessment as part of the ESIA and implement measures to minimize and\nmitigate adverse social impacts, particularly on poor and vulnerable groups. Well documented\n\n\nPage 63 of 90", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.02936636470258236, "start": 1251, "end": 1277, "band": "drop", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}
{"key": "jdc:282", "surface": "socio\u2010economic surveys", "ctx": " registration procedures, the\nmediation committee will be established, and mediation meetings will be organized with interested\nparties. Minutes of meetings will be recorded. The existence of this first instance mechanism will be\nwidely disseminated to the affected people as part of the consultation undertaken for the sub\u2010project\nin general. It is important that these mediation committees be set up as soon as RAP preparation\nstarts. Disputes documented for example, through socio\u2010economic surveys should be dealt with by\nappropriate mediation mechanisms which must be available to cater for claims, disputes and\ngrievances at this early stage. A template form for claims should be developed and these forms be\ncollated on a quarterly basis into a database held at project level.\n\n\n**VIII.** **Verification**\n\n\n11. The Mediation Meeting Minutes, including agreements of compensation and evidence of\ncompensation made shall be provided to the Municipality/district, to the supervising engineers, who\nwill maintain a record hereof, and to auditors and socio\u2010economic monitors when they undertake\nreviews and post\u2010project assessment. This process shall be specified in all relevant project documents,\nincluding details of the relevant authority for complaints at the municipal/district or implementing\nagency level.\n\n\nPage 80 of 90", "ctx_missing": false, "head_score": 0.06810957193374634, "start": 511, "end": 521, "band": "confusion", "origin": "jdc283", "specificity": "", "split": "holdout", "queue": "human473", "subset": "jdc283", "scored_by": "rafmacalaba/gliner-datause-catchall-infer-probe (H100)"}